共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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Zhang X Shen L Li F Meng D Sheng J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(17):9351-9357
The effects of methyl salicylate (MeSA) on chilling injury (CI) and gene expression levels, enzyme activities, and metabolites related to arginine catabolism in cherry tomato fruit were investigated. Freshly harvested fruits were treated with 0.05 mM MeSA vapor at 20 °C for 12 h and then stored at 2 °C for up to 28 days. MeSA reduced CI and enhanced the accumulation of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, which was associated with increased gene expression levels and activities of arginase, arginine decarboxylase, and ornithine decarboxylase at most sampling times. MeSA also increased nitric oxide synthase activity, which at least partly contributed to the increased nitric oxide content. The results indicate that MeSA activates the different pathways of arginine catabolism in cold-stored fruit and that the reduction in CI by MeSA may be due to the coordinated metabolism of arginine and the increase in polyamines and nitric oxide levels. 相似文献
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Catalase in the heat-induced chilling tolerance of cold-stored hybrid Fortune mandarin fruits 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hybrid Fortune mandarins developed chilling injury (CI) upon cold storage, unless the fruits were conditioned at 37 degrees C for 3 days before they were held at low temperature. This heat treatment induced 2.5-, 1.2-, and 1.4-fold increases in the activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), respectively, and reduced the activity of glutathione reductase (GR). The differences in the activities afforded by the heat treatment were, in general, maintained during cold storage. However, SOD levels in nonconditioned Fortune fruits exhibiting CI were similar to those of conditioned fruits stored for 0 or 6 weeks at 2 degrees C. No difference between APX activity in the conditioned and nonconditioned fruits stored for 6 weeks at 2 degrees C was found. The data indicate that CAT may be a major antioxidant enzyme operating in the heat-induced chilling tolerance of cold-stored Fortune mandarin fruits. 相似文献
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钙对苹果果实钙调蛋白含量和Ca2+ -ATPase活性及其基因表达的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究不同浓度钙（0、1和10 mmo1/L CaCl2 ;5 mmo1/L EGTA）对苹果果实钙调蛋白（CaM）含量和Ca2+-ATPase活性及其基因表达的影响。利用同源克隆方法分离CaM和Ca2+-ATPase基因,采用荧光定量PCR方法研究它们表达特征。结果表明,果实切片外源补钙,可溶性Ca2+及CaM含量在高钙处理12 h达到高峰;高钙处理12 h质膜Ca2+-ATPase活性显著增加,与胞内CaM含量增加时间一致;高钙处理24 h液泡膜Ca2+-ATPase活性显著增加;随着质膜和液泡膜Ca2+-ATPase活性显著增加,可溶性Ca2+含量在加钙处理48 h显著下降。研究基因表达发现,加钙处理6 h苹果CaM基因的表达量显著增加;加钙处理12 h苹果Ca2+-ATPase基因的表达量显著增加,与CaM含量及质膜Ca2 +-ATPase活性变化一致。果实缺钙处理显著增加CaM基因表达量,而苹果Ca2 +-ATPase基因的表达量没有显著变化。上述研究表明,苹果补钙可以提高细胞内可溶性Ca2+和CaM含量以及CaM基因的表达量,有效启动钙信使系统;质膜及液泡膜Ca2+-ATPase是调控胞内Ca2+关键的酶,通过提高质膜及液泡膜Ca2+-ATPase的活性及Ca2+-ATPase基因的表达量,维持胞内Ca2+的稳态水平。 相似文献
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Maldonado R Molina-Garcia AD Sanchez-Ballesta MT Escribano MI Merodio C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(26):7564-7569
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5.) activity, tanning ability, and polyphenols levels were measured in cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) fruit treated with 20% CO(2) + 20% O(2) + 60% N(2) for 1, 3, or 6 days during chilling temperature (6 degrees C) storage. The residual effect of CO(2) after transfer to air was also studied. These observations were correlated with texture and cellular characteristics, visualized by cryo-SEM. Tanning ability and the early increase in tannin polyphenols induced by chilling temperature were reduced by CO(2) treatment. Conversely, high CO(2) atmosphere enhanced the nontannin polyphenol fraction as compared with fruit stored in air. Lignin accumulation and PAL activation observed in untreated fruit after prolonged storage at chilling temperature were prevented by high CO(2). Moreover, the restraining effect on lignification was less effective when the CO(2) treatment was prolonged for 6 days. In addition, fruits held at these conditions had greater firmness and the histological characterization of the separation between cells was similar to that in untreated fruits. We conclude that CO(2) treatment modulates the phenolic response that seems to regulate the strength of cell adhesion and so to prevent hardening caused by chilling temperature storage. 相似文献
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Kita M Kato M Ban Y Honda C Yaegaki H Ikoma Y Moriguchi T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(9):3414-3420
To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of carotenogenesis in Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc.), the relationships between carotenoid accumulation and the expression of the carotenogenic genes, phytoene synthase (PmPSY-1), phytoene desaturase (PmPDS), zeta-carotene desaturase (PmZDS), lycopene beta-cyclase (PmLCYb), lycopene epsilon-cyclase (PmLCYe), beta-carotene hydroxylase (PmHYb), and zeaxanthin epoxidase (PmZEP), were analyzed in two cultivars with different ripening traits, 'Orihime' and 'Nanko.' In 'Orihime' fruits, large amounts of carotenoids accumulated on the tree, concomitant with the induction of PmPSY-1 and the downstream carotenogenic genes PmLCYb, PmHYb, and PmZEP. In 'Nanko' fruits, carotenoids accumulated mainly after harvest, correlating with an appreciable induction of PmPSY-1 expression, but the downstream genes were not notably induced, which may explain the lower total carotenoid content in 'Nanko' than in 'Orihime.' In both cultivars, a decrease in PmLCYe expression and increased or constant PmLCYb expression could cause the metabolic shift from beta,epsilon-carotenoid synthesis to beta,beta-carotenoid synthesis that occurs as ripening approaches. Next, the effects of ethylene on the expression of PmPSY-1 and carotenoid accumulation were investigated in 'Nanko' fruits treated with propylene or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Propylene treatment induced both ethylene production and carotenoid accumulation. PmPSY-1 was constitutively expressed, but propylene treatment accelerated its induction. 1-MCP treatment caused a slight inhibition of carotenoid accumulation along with the repression, although not complete, of PmPSY-1. Collectively, although PmPSY-1 expression was not exclusively regulated by ethylene, both the notable induction of PmPSY-1 accelerated by ethylene and the subsequent induction of the downstream carotenogenic genes, especially PmLCYb, could be necessary for the massive carotenoid accumulation that occurs during ripening. Furthermore, the switch from PmLCYe expression to PmLCYb expression could cause beta,beta-carotenoid accumulation in both Japanese apricot cultivars. 相似文献
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姜玲 《农业生物技术学报》2008,16(3)
本试验设计了含有attB侧翼序列的引物用于番木瓜环斑病毒的外壳蛋白基因（CP）和运动蛋白基因（CI）扩增。在BP重组酶的作用下,将CP基因和CI基因分别与受体载体pDONRTM221发生重组反应,产生入门克隆。接着,在LR重组酶作用下,将入门克隆与目的载体pHellsgate12发生重组反应,通过平板培养筛选及PCR扩增和酶切反应,获得了含CP基因和CI基因反向重复序列的表达载体。 相似文献
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In the present study the metabolic response to various fatty acids was investigated in HepG2 cells by using a (1)H NMR-based approach. To elucidate the effect of cis/trans configuration, the cells were exposed to either oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9), elaidic acid (C18:1 trans-9), vaccenic acid (C18:1 trans-11), linoleic acid (C18:2), or palmitic acid (C16:0), and multivariate data analysis revealed a strong effect of fatty acid on the lipophilic metabolite fraction. Inspection of the spectra revealed that the difference between the observed responses could be ascribed to the appearance of resonances from conjugated double bonds (5.65, 5.94, and 6.28 ppm) in cells exposed to vaccenic acid, revealing that vaccenic acid upon uptake by the HepG2 cells is converted into a conjugated fatty acid. Upon exposure of the HepG2 cells to either butyric acid (C4:0), caproic acid (C6:0), lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0), or palmitic acid (C16:0), an effect of fatty acid length was also evident, and data indicated that short-chain fatty acids (C4-C6) are immediately converted, whereas medium-long-chain fatty acids (C12-16) are incorporated into triglycerides and deposited in the cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that (1)H NMR spectroscopy is a useful method for studying the uptake of fatty acids in in vitro cells. 相似文献
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为了揭示植被退化对湿地土壤碳矿化过程的影响,以甘南尕海4种不同植被退化梯度的湿地(未退化(UD)、轻度退化(LD)、中度退化(MD)及重度退化(HD))为研究对象,采用室内恒温培养和碱液吸收法研究不同土层土壤有机碳(SOC)矿化速率和累积矿化量,结合一级动力学方程,分析土壤半矿化分解时间(T1/2)、有机碳矿化潜势(C0)等参数对植被退化的响应。结果表明:(1)不同植被退化梯度湿地SOC矿化速率在培养期内呈现出基本一致的变化趋势,表现为,培养初期(0~4天)矿化速率快速下降,且数值较高,培养中后期缓慢下降(4~41天)并趋于平稳;各培养温度下,不同植被退化梯度湿地土壤在各土层有机碳矿化速率大小均为UD>LD>MD>HD。(2)在整个培养期间,各植被退化梯度湿地土壤有机碳矿化速率均随土层加深而降低,表层0-10 cm的矿化速率(1.14~16.23 mg/(g·d))均显著高于10-20 cm(1.05~2.85mg/(g·d))和20-40 cm土层(0.94~1.26 mg/(g·d))。(3)4种植被退化梯度湿地在不同温度下的土壤有机碳累积矿化量均值排序为5°C(34.54 mg/g)<15°C(46.67 mg/g)<25°C(58.28 mg/g)<35°C(86.46 mg/g)。(4)一级动力学方程的C0值随植被退化程度增加呈递减趋势,而C0/SOC随着温度的升高而降低。因此,植被退化能显著降低高寒湿地土壤有机碳矿化速率,而气候变暖能够显著增加湿地土壤有机碳矿化量。 相似文献
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Dufrechou M Poncet-Legrand C Sauvage FX Vernhet A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(5):1308-1319
Protein haze development in white wines is an unacceptable visual defect attributed to slow protein unfolding and aggregation. It is favored by wine exposure to excessive temperatures but can also develop in properly stored wines. In this study, the combined impact of pH (2.5-4.0), ionic strength (0.02-0.15 M), and temperature (25, 40, and 70 °C) on wine protein stability was investigated. The results showed three classes of proteins with low conformational stability involved in aggregation at room temperature: β-glucanases, chitinases, and some thaumatin-like protein isoforms (22-24 kDa). Unexpectedly, at 25 °C, maximum instability was observed at the lower pH, far from the protein isoelectric point. Increasing temperatures led to a shift of the maximum haze at higher pH. These different behaviors could be explained by the opposite impact of pH on intramolecular (conformational stability) and intermolecular (colloidal stability) electrostatic interactions. The present results highlight that wine pH and ionic strength play a determinant part in aggregation mechanisms, aggregate characteristics, and final haze. 相似文献
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隶属于AP2/ERF超家族的乙烯响应因子(ERF)是植物抵御盐胁迫过程中的一类重要基因,为了减轻盐渍土地对小麦产量的负面影响,本研究从小麦全基因组中分离了AP2/ERF超家族,根据聚类结果和结构特征从中鉴定出96个ERF家族成员,在A、B、D基因组中共有229个拷贝序列;通过聚类分析和转录组数据分析筛选出13个与已克隆耐盐ERF基因相似性高或受NaCl诱导的TaERF成员,随后利用小麦抗感材料验证13个TaERF成员在受250 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理后的表达水平变化情况,结果显示,TaERF27、TaERF35、TaERF55和TaERF64在耐盐材料CH7034中受NaCl胁迫后显著上调,而在盐敏感品种SY95-71中无明显变化,推测其可能为盐胁迫响应基因;组织特异表达和启动子调控元件分析结果显示这4个基因在CH7034苗期根和叶中均具有较高的表达水平,并且每个基因起始密码子前 2 000 bp区域内包含脱落酸、水杨酸和茉莉酸等多种植物激素响应元件,推测它们可能参与植物多种非生物胁迫信号转导通路。本研究结果有助于理解植株应对非生物胁迫的分子机制,并为小麦品种耐盐性改良提供了参考基因。 相似文献
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为了解小麦响应水分胁迫后复水条件下的基因表达特征,以小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)主栽品种陕229的3叶1心期幼苗为材料,采用消减杂交技术,构建了干旱复水条件下的SSH-cDNA表达文库。从消减文库中随机挑选59个插入片段大于400bp的阳性克隆测序,去除冗余序列和嵌合序列后,获得高质量EST序列32条(GenBank登录号为ES466767~ES466798)。序列比对分析表明,小麦干旱后复水的基因表达与植物对其他非生物胁迫的响应具有交叉性;17条EST序列与已知编码蛋白的基因同源性较高,涉及植物的信号传导、能量代谢、转录调控等方面;其他序列为新的EST。以其中一个与乙烯受体基因(ERS)同源性较高的EST序列为基础,采用同源克隆及RACE技术从小麦中分离了4个乙烯受体基因的全长cDNA序列,长度分别为2090、2271、2216和1886bp。4个全长cDNA序列所编码氨基酸序列的同源性极高(99%以上),且均具有ERS典型的GAF、HisKA和HATPase-c跨膜结构,分别命名为TaERS1(HM347272),TaERS2(HM601437),TaERS3(HM601438)和TaERS4(HQ111523)。植物ERS氨基酸序列多重比较表明,小麦与水稻的相似性最高(93%);TaERS基因的全长cDNA序列间比较共发现SNP位点23个。定量PCR表达分析显示,小麦TaERS家族基因参与了小麦植株响应水分胁迫和复水的调控机制。研究结果有助于进一步认识小麦干旱后复水的基因表达谱和小麦水分高效利用机制,探索小麦乙烯受体在水分高效利用中的作用。 相似文献
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F-box蛋白家族在植物抗逆响应中的作用机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SCF复合体泛素连接酶E3介导的泛素化蛋白降解是翻译后水平上对生命进程进行调控的一个重要方式。它的关键组分F-box蛋白负责识别被降解的靶底物蛋白。植物F-box基因家族成员众多,极具多样性。F-box蛋白N端常含F-box基序,C端常为蛋白互作保守结构域,该结构具多样性,可识别不同底物,是F-box蛋白分类的依据。研究表明,F-box蛋白参与调控植物的许多生命进程,包括抗逆反应。本文就近年来F-box蛋白在植物抗逆反应中的作用机制进行总结。F-box蛋白大多以SCF复合体泛素连接酶E3介导的泛素化蛋白降解目标蛋白的方式调控抗逆反应,也有不依赖形成SCF复合体的方式行使功能,不少F-box蛋白参与了植物激素信号传导,通过调控转录因子活性而改变下游基因的表达,由此影响了植物的抗逆反应。基因表达谱的生物信息学预测表明,大多数F-box基因参与了植物抗逆反应,目前只有其中一小部分已报道了其抗逆调节功能。在此综述了这些F-box蛋白在植物抗逆胁迫中的研究进展。在干旱和盐碱胁迫反应中,F-box基因常通过影响植物激素脱落酸、乙烯等植物激素信号传导而调控抗逆。由于干旱和盐碱胁迫具协同性,不少F-box基因同时参与抗旱和抗盐碱胁迫,但调节方式有所不同,一些F-box基因对抗干旱和盐碱的反应具协同性,从总体上调控植物的渗透胁迫和离子毒害反应;而另一些F-box基因对干旱和盐胁迫反应的调节作用相反,它们可能在植物抗逆的精细调节中起作用。在低温胁迫反应中,F-box蛋白可调节植物抗低温的CBF信号途径。在生物胁迫反应中,F-box基因常通过影响植物激素茉莉酸和水杨酸途径来调控抗病,病原菌也以攻击植物SCF复合体使植物致病。此外,植物激素信号途径之间相互作用,共同影响抗逆反应。 相似文献
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为了解PEG胁迫下玉米基因表达情况,采用数字化基因表达谱（DGE）技术,检测了20%PEG胁迫下玉米植株中基因表达谱,同时利用实时荧光定量PCR技术对部分基因表达特点进行了验证。结果表明玉米植株在20%PEG胁迫下48h时,共检测到31829个基因表达量发生了改变,其中表达量差异达到2倍以上的基因共1438个,其中801个表达量呈现上调,637个表达量呈现下调。这些差异表达基因功能主要涉及到结合、催化、转录、抗氧化剂活性,参与代谢过程、细胞过程、定位、生物调节、定位建立以及刺激反应等。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明7个随机选择的基因在胁迫前后的表达特点与表达谱测序结果一致。本研究表明玉米对PEG胁迫反应是一个多基因参与、多个生物过程协同调控的过程,基因表达量的变化可能是调控的主要方式,此外候选了与玉米耐PEG胁迫相关的应答关键基因,为揭示与玉米耐旱机理以及克隆与玉米耐旱性相关关键基因奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Schirra M Brandolini V Cabras P Angioni A Inglese P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(4):739-743
The storage response of cactus pears [Opuntia ficus-indica Miller (L.) cv. Gialla] was investigated over 6 weeks at 6 degrees C, plus an additional week of simulated marketing period (SMP) at 20 degrees C, after a 3-min dip treatment with thiabendazole (TBZ) at 1000 mg/L at 20 degrees C or 150 mg/L TBZ at 52 degrees C. Untreated fruits were used as control. Following TBZ treatments at 20 and 52 degrees C, total residues were recovered from the peel of cactus pear, as the concentration of residues in the pulp was negligible. Treatments with 1000 mg/L TBZ at 20 degrees C resulted in a 2.82 mg/kg residue uptake (active ingredient, whole-fruit basis), whereas treatment at 150 mg/L TBZ left 1.09 mg/kg. TBZ showed great persistence over both storage and SMP: on average, in the fruits treated at 20 and 52 degrees C, over 72 and 68%, respectively, of TBZ was still present after SMP. Postharvest treatments with 1000 mg/L TBZ at room temperature did not affect the expression of slight-to-moderate chilling injury (CI), but reduced severe CI by approximately 50% and decay development by 63.4% in comparison to those of untreated fruit after SMP. The effectiveness of TBZ was much higher with the treatment at 150 mg/L TBZ at 52 degrees C, providing 91% control of severe CI and approximately 89% suppression of decay; no treatment damage occurred during storage and SMP. External appearance was better in fruit treated with 150 mg/L TBZ at 52 degrees C. Respiration rate, titratable acidity, soluble solids concentration, and acetaldehyde in the flesh were not significantly influenced by treatments. Ethylene production rate and ethanol levels in the flesh were significantly higher in the TBZ-treated fruit as opposed to those in the untreated control fruit. 相似文献
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以“红颜”草莓（Fragaria×ananassa Duch“Benihope”）为试材,于2021年9−11月在人工气候室进行苗期（9～12片真叶,叶长≥5cm）动态高温环境控制实验,日最高温度以32℃为起点,设置日最高气温/日最低气温分别为32℃/22℃、35℃/25℃、38℃/28℃和41℃/31℃共4个水平,持续时间分别为2d、5d、8d和11d,以28℃/18℃为对照（CK）。试验期间空气相对湿度60%～70%,光周期12h/12h（6：00−18：00）,光照强度800μmolm−2s−1。测定不同处理下叶片叶绿素含量及高光谱反射率,对原始光谱进行变换,从而细化光谱特征信息。在相关分析的基础上,建立原始和一阶敏感波段植被指数,进而筛选出表征叶绿素含量的光谱特征参数,以期构建叶绿素含量最佳估算模型。结果表明：（1）随着温度的升高和高温持续时间的延长,草莓叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素（a+b）含量呈下降趋势。（2）草莓叶片原始光谱在可见光区域均存在绿峰和红谷,除绿峰和红谷外各处理间差异不明显,高温条件下的近红外区域反射率与CK相比出现不同程度的上升。与原始光谱相比,一阶导数光谱曲线震荡更剧烈,且能够显著突出红边参数特征,各处理的红边位置λr稳定在716nm,红边幅值Dr与红边面积Sr差异显著;而在连续统去除光谱中各处理的绿峰（550nm附近）和红谷（675nm附近）被完全突显出来。（3）在光谱反射率与叶绿素含量相关性分析的基础上,选取原始光谱与一阶导数光谱在可见光和近红外波段相关性最强的R747、R800和R'716、R'906为敏感波段组合,构建植被指数。（4）PVI、MSAVI、TSAVI、TSAVI'、DVI'、MSAVI'、PVI'、SAVI'、Dr和Sr指数与叶绿素含量相关性达极显著水平,可作为表征设施草莓叶片叶绿素含量对苗期高温胁迫响应的高光谱特征参数。其中以TSAVI、DVI'和PVI'植被指数建立的逐步回归模型为叶绿素含量最佳估算模型,其决定系数（R2）为0.843,均方根误差（RMSE）为0.379,相对误差（RE）为12.65%。 相似文献