共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
采用土柱淋溶法,研究了土霉素在土壤中的垂直迁移特性,探讨了不同土壤类型、淋溶体积、淋溶液pH值、施药量等因素对土霉素在土壤中淋溶迁移的影响。结果表明,在红壤、黑钙土、赤红壤3种不同类型的土样中,土霉素的迁移深度为：赤红壤〉红壤〉黑钙土;土霉素主要富集在土壤表层,其含量随土壤深度增加而明显降低;同一深度的土壤中土霉素含量随着淋溶液体积的增加而增大,随pH值增大而减小;土霉素在土层中的含量分布、淋溶深度与其施药量均呈正相关;当淋溶液中含有一定量的土霉素溶液时,土霉素在土壤中的迁移深度明显增加。 相似文献
2.
降水条件下黄土坡地氮素淋溶特征的研究 总被引：25，自引：4，他引：25
坡地氮素淋溶是导致坡地土壤质量退化和农业非点源污染的重要原因之一。为了深入理解坡地氮素淋溶特征,采用了人工模拟降雨和天然降雨观测方法,对黄土坡地氮素淋溶特征进行了试验研究。结果表明:从坡底到坡顶土壤NO3--N含量呈不断衰减的波浪形状变化,坡底有明显NO3--N累积,其累积含量占全坡面37%~52%;坡地土壤NO3--N淋溶是二维迁移,即随着入渗水既向土体深层迁移,又向坡底迁移;降雨量分别与NO3--N淋溶深度和淋失量均呈正相关,大约每4 mm降雨量可使NO3--N下渗1 cm。本研究为建立坡地养分运移模拟模型提供了初步设想。 相似文献
3.
为探讨自然降雨在黄土区干化土壤中的入渗性能,研究干化黄土的降雨入渗机制,在陕北米脂试验站,建立野外10 m大型土柱模拟枣林地深层干化土壤,利用CS650-CR1000土壤水分自动监测系统对2014-2019年的土壤水分状况进行了连续定位监测。结果表明:(1)日降雨量为33.6,35.6 mm的大雨(降雨强度分别为3.73,2.97 mm/h,降雨历时9.0,12.0 h)状况下,最大入渗深度为140,100 cm,累积入渗量达20.05,16.10 mm;日降雨量为19.0,16.8 mm的中雨(降雨强度分别为2.24,1.53 mm/h,降雨历时8.5,11.0 h)状况下,最大入渗深度为90,60 cm,累积入渗量达8.12,9.77 mm;日降雨量为9.6,8.8 mm的小雨(降雨强度分别为1.48,0.76 mm/h,降雨历时6.5,11.5 h)状况下,最大入渗深度为30,20 cm,累积入渗量仅为1.05,0.23 mm。(2)降雨入渗的湿润锋运移深度(Zi)随时间(T)呈幂函数Zi=aTb增加。(3)雨水的入渗历时包括降雨历时、自降雨停止至入渗结束两个时段。6次降雨(33.6,35.6,19.0,16.8,9.6,8.8 mm)在降雨停止后时段内的入渗深度分别为100,60,70,40,30,20 cm,入渗量依次为9.86,10.78,2.09,8.42,1.05,0.23 mm。在总入渗历时内,6次降雨入渗补给系数分别为0.60,0.45,0.43,0.58,0.11,0.03。黄土区降雨入渗深度受降雨量、降雨强度、入渗历时影响较大,提高单次降雨的雨量有助于提升雨水入渗补给系数,促进干化土壤得到有效水分修复。 相似文献
4.
吉林省黑土区是我国玉米生产的重要基地,农业集约化程度较高,农业面源污染风险较大。因此,掌握吉林省黑土区降雨与农田氮磷淋溶的关系,对区域生态农业可持续发展意义重大。本研究基于吉林省4个面源污染监测点,于2016-2019年春玉米季对降雨情况、淋溶量、淋溶液氮磷浓度及淋溶强度等进行了动态监测,系统分析了吉林省黑土区自然降雨与农田氮磷淋溶的关系。结果表明:1)吉林省黑土区降雨年际间和监测点间差异较大,年际间波动在424～554mm,春玉米全生育期平均降雨量为475mm;不同监测点降雨量大小依次为通化(593～785 mm)公主岭(512～699 mm)梨树(305～434 mm)农安(197～342 mm)。2)淋溶量和降雨强度呈极显著正相关关系,降雨强度每增加10 mm·(24h)-1,淋溶量增加1.81mm。全生育期(4-10月)降雨量与淋溶次数、淋溶概率分别呈极显著和显著正相关,降雨量每增加100mm,淋溶次数约增加3次,淋溶概率上升6%。当全生育期降雨量超过74mm时,淋溶概率增加,可能引起淋溶;而当全生育期降雨量达到217mm时,淋溶次数增加,可以发生淋溶。产生淋溶的降雨等级一般以中雨(10～24.9 mm)和大雨(25～49.9 mm)为主。3)淋溶量和淋溶液总氮浓度呈极显著正相关,与总磷浓度无明显相关关系。4)总氮淋溶强度与降雨强度呈极显著正相关,降雨强度每增加10 mm·(24h)-1,总氮淋溶强度增加0.73kg·hm~(-2),而总磷淋溶强度与降雨强度无明显相关性。由此可见,吉林省黑土区农田在春玉米雨养条件下以氮素淋溶为主,且与降雨密切相关,应因地制宜采取农艺措施在源头上阻控农业面源污染的发生,为农业生态可持续发展提供有效途径。 相似文献
5.
黄土丘陵区林地干化土壤降雨入渗及水分迁移规律 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
基于近年来黄土丘陵区林地形成大规模土壤干层的事实,为了探索降雨在黄土丘陵区枣林地干化土壤中的入渗、迁移规律,明确干化土壤的修复能力,在陕北米脂试验站建立野外10m大型土柱模拟枣林地干化土壤,采用CS650—CR1000土壤水分自动监测系统对其进行连续定位观测。观测数据分析表明:(1)独立降雨的入渗、迁移深度主要取决于降雨量,大、中、小雨的水分影响深度分别达90~140,70~80,40cm,降雨量一定时还与降雨强度、初始土壤含水量等因素有关,降雨强度越大、初始土壤含水量越高,水分的入渗深度及迁移深度也越大。(2)间歇降雨中几次降雨交互对水分的入渗、迁移产生促进作用。相同雨量下,其入渗深度较独立降雨可提高100%~160%,迁移深度可提高91%~197%。(3)黄土丘陵区并非所有降雨都对土壤水分有影响。观测期内降雨次数与降雨量的有效率分别为36.4%和72.7%。(4)土壤垂向剖面在多次降雨的累积作用下具有层次性,本试验期间降雨影响范围内的土壤剖面主要可以分为3层,0—90cm为降雨入渗敏感层,90—160cm为降雨入渗迟缓层,160—240cm为雨水迁移层。研究结果对于促进黄土丘陵区林地干化土壤的治理与修复,加强土壤水分的科学管理与改善具有重要的理论和实践意义。 相似文献
6.
降雨强度对优先流特征的影响及其数值模拟 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
为了研究优先通道发育程度对不同降雨强度下优先流特征的影响,该文选取不同深度的田间原状土样,在不同降雨强度下进行土壤优先流的室内物理模拟试验,并采用双渗透介质模型Hydrus-1D对优先流发育过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:优先通道越发育,其优先流程度越高。降雨强度对优先流速率及其增加幅度的影响随土壤优先通道发育程度的增加而增加。优先通道发育的土柱,降雨强度越大时,其土柱下端初始出流时间越短,而优先通道一般发育的土柱,其土柱下端初始出流时间均随降雨强度增加呈先减小而后增加的规律。当降雨强度小于土柱最大导水能力(原状土柱表面出现积水时的导水能力)时,优先流速率随降雨强度增加而显著增加,而当降雨强度接近或大于其最大优先导水能力时,优先流速率增加缓慢或趋于稳定。土壤优先通道对降雨入渗的导水能力(即优先流速率与降雨强度之比)随降雨强度增加而变小。双渗透介质模型能较理想地模拟优先流发育过程,对土壤基质向大孔隙排水过程的模拟较差,但模型不适用于裂隙发育的土壤。各土柱的优先流程度为93.6%~99.9%。在研究降雨强度对优先流的影响规律时,该研究考虑了优先通道发育程度对此规律的影响,丰富了优先流理论,同时对农业节水、土壤污染迁移、地下水污染风险评价以及滑坡机理等研究方面具有重要的科学意义。 相似文献
7.
采用室内土壤淋洗柱法,以黄褐土、砂姜黑土和水稻土为供试土壤,研究了异丙隆在土壤中的淋溶迁移行为,探讨了淋溶水量、淋溶水pH值、施药量和添加外源木炭等因素对异丙隆在土壤中淋溶迁移的影响。结果表明,不同土壤中异丙隆淋出率为黄褐土〉砂姜黑土〉水稻土;淋溶水量与异丙隆的淋出率呈正相关,且对淋溶后异丙隆在土层中的分布有明显影响;用不同pH值的淋溶水时,异丙隆的淋出率为pH5〉pH9〉pH7;施加不同药量时,异丙隆的淋出率为10mg〉5mg〉20mg;异丙隆的淋出率随外源木炭添加量的增大而减小,而异丙隆在土壤柱中的滞留量则随着木炭添加量增大而增大,提示添加外源木炭可明显减少异丙隆在土壤中的淋出率,降低异丙隆在土壤中的淋溶深度。 相似文献
8.
不同土壤钾素淋溶特性的初步研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
通过室内土柱淋溶试验,研究降雨情况下不同土壤钾素的淋溶特性及其与土壤性质的关系,结果表明:未施钾的自然土壤,在降雨量较小时(87 mm),决定钾素淋溶状况的主要土壤因子是土壤质地,质地越轻,K+淋溶量越大;降雨量较大时(435 mm),决定钾素淋溶状况的主要因子则为速效钾,田间速效钾含量愈大,淋溶风险愈大。外源钾施入土壤后,在降雨量较小时(87 mm),钾素淋溶状况主要受土壤粉粒和缓效钾的影响,粉粒含量和缓效钾越大,淋溶量越小;降雨量较大时(435 mm),钾素淋溶状况主要受全钾和缓效钾的影响,其值越大淋溶量越小。在降雨量充足、田间排水不畅的情况下,短时间内(2 h)土壤钾肥表观淋出率仅与粉粒含量呈显著负相关关系,土壤的质地是影响钾淋溶主要因子;长时间(24 h)淋溶后钾肥表观淋出率则与土壤pH、粉粒、全钾、缓效钾和长石含量均呈显著负相关关系,其中全钾和粉粒的影响作用最大。 相似文献
9.
在实验室条件下研究了土壤pH、温度、含水量及施药量对新型杀菌剂唑菌酯(E-2-(2-((3-(4-氯苯基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基氧)甲基)苯基)-3-甲氧基丙烯酸甲酯)在土壤中残留量的影响。结果表明,在25d的培养时间内,随土壤含水量的增加,唑菌酯在土壤中的残留量减少;土壤含水量增加到60%田间最大持水量时,其残留达最低,为1.81μg/g,而在淹水环境中其残留量增加。随着土壤温度的升高,唑菌酯的残留呈现先降低后升高的趋势,4℃时的残留达最大(3.86μg/g)。土壤pH对其在土壤中的残留具有明显影响,在中性和弱碱性土壤中均具有相对较低的残留。在1～10μg/g施药量时,唑菌酯在土壤中的残留比例随其施药量的增加而少量降低,在药剂浓度为20μg/g时,土壤中唑菌酯的残留率为42.4%。 相似文献
10.
恶唑菌酮土壤降解影响因子研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
探讨了土壤环境中的主要因素:土壤微生物、温度、含水量、pH值以及施用有机肥对恶唑菌酮降解的影响。结果表明:土壤微生物对恶唑菌酮在土壤中的降解起着重要作用,相同条件下灭菌土壤的降解半衰期是非灭菌土壤的27.6倍。环境温度、土壤含水量等对恶唑菌酮降解也有影响,在15℃～40℃的试验条件下,随着温度升高,恶唑菌酮的降解速率加快,特别是15℃～25℃温度范围内降解速率上升较快;过高和过低的土壤含水量都不利于土壤中恶唑菌酮的降解,土壤含水量为50?～100?时适宜恶唑菌酮的降解;此外施用有机肥会加速恶唑菌酮的降解;而土壤pH值对降解的影响不显著。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
18.
Dhritiman Ghosh Velusamy Srinivasan Olli H. Tuovinen Aaron Peacock Mark Radosevich 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1331-1334
We examined the community composition of microbes that colonized atrazine-containing beads buried in agricultural soils that differed in atrazine treatment history. Bacterial abundance was 5-40-fold greater in atrazine-fortified beads. In beads containing 20 mg atrazine kg−1 buried in soil with a history of atrazine application (conditioned soil), the abundance of Actinobacteria increased approximately 80-fold whereas in control soil, Actinobacteria were enriched only 10-fold and the gamma-Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes increased by 60- and 25-fold, respectively. The gamma-Proteobacteria were enriched by 120- and 230-fold in beads containing 200 mg atrazine kg−1 in conditioned and control soil, respectively. The results demonstrate that BioSep® beads are a suitable matrix for recruiting a diverse subset of the bacterial community involved in atrazine degradation. 相似文献
19.
Pilar García Juan-Vicente Monte Carlos Casanova Consuelo Soler 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(1):103-109
Arbitrary oligonucleotides were used as primers to amplifygenomic DNA of 48 wild Spanish populations of Agropyroncristatum, Elymus hispanicus,E. caninus,E. repens,Thinopyrum curvifolium, Th.junceum and Th.intermedium. Genetic diversity was analysedusing nineteen primers. The number of amplified products ranged from8 to 18 per primer and a total of 240 markers were scored. Differentlevels of intraspecific genetic diversity were found, the allogamousspecies E. repens andTh. intermedium being themost variable. Jaccard's similarity coefficients for internalmeasure within and between populations were used to produce a clusterdiagram. The results demonstrate differences in the degree ofsimilarity between taxonomic units. Interpopulational variability andinterspecific genomic relationships of these species arediscussed. 相似文献
20.
The effects of three commonly used fungicides on the colonization and sporulation by a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi consisting of Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.), Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, and Gigaspora rosea (Nicol. & Schenck) in symbiosis with pea plants and the resulting response of the host-plant were examined. Benomyl, PCNB, and captan were applied as soil drenches at a rate of 20 mg active ingredient kg-1 soil 2 weeks after transplanting pea seedlings in a silty clay-loam soil containing the mixed inocula of AM fungi (AM plants). Effects of fungicides were compared to untreated plants that were inoculated with fungi (AM control). The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth was also examined by including nonmycorrhizal, non-fungicide-treated plants (non-AM control). Fungicides or inoculation with AM fungi had only a small effect on the final shoot weights of pea plants, but had greater effects on root length and seed yield. AM control plants had higher seed yields and lower root lengths than the corresponding non-AM plants, and the fungicide-treated AM plants had intermediate yields and root lengths. Seed N and P contents were likewise highest in AM control plants, lowest in non-AM plants, and intermediate in fungicide-treated AM plants. All three fungicides depressed the proportion (%) of root length colonized by AM fungi, but these differences did not translate to reductions in the total root length that was colonized, since roots were longer in the fungicide-treated AM plants. Pea plants apparently compensated for the reduction in AM-fungal metabolism due to fungicides by increasing root growth. Fungicides affected the population of the three fungi as determined by sporulation at the final harvest. Captan significantly reduced the number, relative abundance, and relative volume of G. rosea spores in the final population relative to the controls. The relative volume of G. etunicatum spores was greater in all the fungicide-treated soils, while G. mosseae relative volumes were only greater in the captan-treated soil. These findings show that fungicides can alter the species composition of an AM-fungal community. The results also show that AM fungi can increase seed yield without enhancing the vegetative shoot growth of host plants. 相似文献