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1.
以覆盖黑龙江省三个积温带的123个水稻品种(品系)为试材,将6月30日-7月29日每10天为1段分3个时段对水稻进行低温处理,以研究冷害发生规律。结果发现,水稻在6月30日-7月19日受低温易发生延迟型冷害,7月10日-7月19日受低温易发生障碍型冷害,证实了低温对水稻冷害的时段效应;第一积温带水稻在7月10日-7月19日受低温易发生延迟型冷害,第一积温带水稻在6月30日-7月9日受低温易发生障碍型冷害,第二、三积温带水稻在6月30日-7月19日受低温易发生延迟型冷害,第二、三积温带水稻在7月10日-7月19日受低温易发生障碍型冷害,体现了水稻应对低温的生态区效应。这对黑龙江省抗寒水稻品种的选育以及抗寒措施的提出具有指导意义。 相似文献
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多胺与芒果贮藏冷害的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以紫花芒果（Ｍａｎｇｉｆｅｒａ ｉｎｄｉｃａ Ｌ．ＺｉＨｕａ）为材料,用外源腐胺处理,在冷害温度２℃和非冷害温度１０℃条件一贮藏。结果表明：贮藏在２℃条件下的果实,随着冷害的发生发展,多胺含量增加,贮藏至１７ｄ达到峰值,以后随着冷害的加重而急剧下降。贮藏在１０℃条件下,多胺一直保持在低而稳定的水平。外源腐胺在减轻芒果冷害的同时,降低了芒果内源腐胺含量,提高了内源亚精胺及尸胺含量。 相似文献
3.
采用箱栽和田间试验相结合的方法,研究了断根深度对花生叶片氮代谢特性及产量的影响。结果表明:各断根深度在断根后初期(5~10d)均造成叶片含氮量、氮积累量、可溶性蛋白质含量和硝酸还原酶活性降低,并随着断根深度的增加降低幅度增大;10~15d之后则随着断根深度的增加呈升高的趋势,以断根深度15cm处理的叶片含氮量、氮积累量、可溶性蛋白质含量和硝酸还原酶活性最高。适度断根处理(10~15cm)显著提高花生产量、有效果数和百果重。过度断根处理的叶片含氮量、氮积累量、可溶性蛋白质含量和硝酸还原酶活性则一直低于对照处理。表明适度断根处理短时间内降低了花生叶片氮代谢水平,但之后能够延缓花生叶片氮代谢水平的下降速度,保持生育后期叶片具有较高的氮代谢水平,增加生物产量、荚果产量、有效果数和百果重。花生的适宜断根深度为10~15cm。 相似文献
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大豆不同生育期内应对低温冷害措施的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黑龙江省大豆生产受典型的寒温带半湿润大陆性气候影响,生育期内遭遇阶段性低温冷害现象频发,对产量影响很大。着重分析低温冷害的发生指标以及对大豆各生育阶段的影响程度,提出以预防为主的农艺防御措施,促熟增产,最大限度消除不利气候影响,保障大豆单产水平与总体产量的进一步提升。 相似文献
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砂培试验研究0、20、40、80、160、320mg/L镉水平对苦瓜生物产量和叶片氮代谢相关指标的影响,结果表明：镉影响苦瓜地上部干重及地下部干重,地下部受镉的影响最为显著,且随着镉处理浓度的加大及处理时间的延长而加剧;镉胁迫条件下,除20mg／LCd^2＋处理15天的苦瓜叶片蛋白质含量比对照高外,其他处理均比对照低：镉胁迫条件下,苦瓜叶片中硝酸还原酶活性逐渐降低。 相似文献
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施磷量对玉米产量及叶片部分酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用天津市主推玉米品种中单509,设5个施磷水平,测定不同生育期叶片的硝酸还原酶(NRase)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及玉米产量。结果表明,随施磷量的增加,玉米产量先升高后下降,呈单峰曲线变化,施纯磷量在75 kg/hm~2时中单509产量达到最大。随施磷量的增加,叶片SOD、POD、CAT、硝酸还原酶活性均先上升后下降,呈单峰曲线变化。施纯磷量在105 kg/hm~2时,大喇叭口期叶片POD活性最高;施纯磷量在75 kg/hm~2时,抽雄期叶片SOD活性和CAT活性、拔节期叶片硝酸还原酶活性最高。不同施磷量处理对玉米叶片的酶活性及产量有一定影响,增施适量磷肥有利于玉米叶片的氮代谢和玉米产量提高。 相似文献
10.
阐述了寒地稻区水稻低温冷害发生的特点﹑规律,低温冷害对水稻不同生育期的影响,并提出如何正确诊断水稻冷害的发生及防御措施。 相似文献
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以玉米杂交种创奇518新种子为材料,以不同浓度配比的聚乙二醇（PEG）、二甲基亚砜和水杨酸组合作为引发剂,采用L9（34）正交试验设计,通过低温种植处理,研究提高玉米种子抗寒性的3种引发剂的最佳浓度配比。结果表明,不同配比引发处理的玉米种子发芽势、发芽率、苗鲜重、活力指数、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均表现出明显差异。以浓度为20%的PEG、浓度为0.5%的二甲基亚砜和浓度为0.007%的水杨酸组合处理种子的发芽率、活力指数最高,幼苗长势整齐一致,POD和CAT较对照有明显提高。 相似文献
13.
Summary Different nitrogen sources (NO3
−, NH4
+, glutamic acid and their combinations) influenced the growth and morphogenic responses (node number, shoot length, and stem,
leaf and root dry weight) of three micropropagated potato cultivars (Spunta, Kennebec, Huinkul).
Addition of reduced nitrogen (NH4
+ or glutamic acid) in a nitrate medium increased shoot length and leaf number. The large increase in growth in plants fed
with NO3
−, NH4
+ could be explained by higher organic nitrogen content and enhanced dry matter partition to the shoot. This suggests that
reduced nitrogen source is required, at least as a supplement to NO3
−, to enhance N assimilation and growth. 相似文献
14.
选择鲁单981和掖单2号玉米杂交种为实验材料,采用简易自制密闭式熏气装置进行二氧化硫(SO2)短时处理,通过酶活性测定、同工酶电泳及RT-PCR等检测,研究SO2对玉米超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。结果表明:用60mg/m3SO2熏气处理敏感玉米品种鲁单981和不敏感玉米品种掖单2号,SO2对玉米SOD活性没有显著的影响。玉米体内高水平的SOD活性可能与玉米对SO2的抗性有关。酶活性测定、同工酶电泳及RT-PCR分析取得了一致的结果。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫下冠菌素(COR)对花生幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性及细胞膜透性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在玻璃日光温室条件下,以花生品种鲁花11号为供试材料,系统研究了PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫条件下COR对花生幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性及细胞膜透性的影响。结果表明,正常水分条件下,0.01μmol·L~(-1) COR浸种对花生幼苗叶片相对含水量(RWC)、游离氨基酸含量、保护酶活性和细胞膜相对透性无明显影响;PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫条件下,COR浸种可显著提高SOD、POD、CAT活性,增加游离氨基酸含量,降低细胞膜相对透性,提高幼苗叶片RWC,从而降低干旱胁迫对花生幼苗造成的伤害。 相似文献
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水杨酸包衣对低温胁迫下玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内砂培试验,研究低温胁迫下水杨酸包衣玉米种子对其萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,低温胁迫下水杨酸包衣玉米种子的萌发指标和幼苗形态指标均优于对照,其中,发芽率比对照高8个百分点,差异极显著;低温胁迫下水杨酸包衣玉米幼苗的相对电导率和丙二醛含量均低于对照,叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量均高于对照,有利于增强玉米幼苗抵御低温冷害的能力。 相似文献
18.
A cold fogger was evaluated for efficiency of spray-deposit distribution and for control of insect damage and fungal disease on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants cultured in a greenhouse. The fogger was placed at one end of an 800-m2 greenhouse, and the distribution and deposition of a fluorescent tracer by the cold fogger was evaluated using quantitative methods and image analysis. An increased cold fogger-dependent air speed, determined by anemometry, was correlated with increased deposition of the fluorescent tracer. A consistent decline of deposition from the area nearest to the cold fogger to the far end of the greenhouse was observed. Nonetheless, no differences were found in the droplet density between the outer and inner parts of the foliage. The average droplet density was 1828 cm−2, but the leaf deposition was restricted to the upper surface of the leaves. The distribution and numbers of thrips (Thrips sp.) and powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica [Lev.] G. Arnaud) on leaves were assessed over a period of five months. Thrips control was found to be quite good throughout the greenhouse in response to phytosanitary treatments. Although the control of powdery mildew was generally adequate, there was significant disease development in certain locations in the greenhouse that were distant from the cold fogger. The employment of cold foggers in greenhouses needs to be carefully analysed in terms of the dimensions of the greenhouse and the pests and diseases to be controlled due to the uneven deposition of the sprayed products. 相似文献
19.
S. Shahidi M. Ghoranneviss B. Moazzenchi A. Rashidi D. Dorranian 《Fibers and Polymers》2007,8(1):123-129
The low temperature plasma (LTP) technique is used widely to modify polymer and textile materials. This paper describes the
development of a plasma system for textile treatment. Polypropylene (PP) has a very low value of the surface free energy (approximately
20–25 mJ/m2). Due to low surface energy, Polypropylene has very weak hydrophilic properties. By controlling the plasma variables, such
as the nature of gas, the discharge power, the pressure and the exposure time, a great variety of surface effects can be generated.
In this paper, we report the effect of cold plasma of O2 and N2 gases at various time of exposure on the dyeing and physical properties of PP fabrics. The results show a significant increase
in the color depth upon dyeing after treating PP fabrics with low temperature plasma of O2 and N2. For comparing the amount of fabrics dye exhaustion, we have used reflective spectrophotometer. The morphology of the modified
surfaces has also been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). And also FTIR was used to examine the functional
groups of the corresponding samples. 相似文献
20.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):367-374
The relay strip intercropping system of wheat-corn-soybean is widely used in southwest China. However, it is hard to obtain a stable production of soybean with this system, since soybean plants grow under shading by corn; the stems are thinner and susceptible to lodging. We examined the effects of seed treatment with uniconazole powder (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg kg-1 seed) on the growth of soybean seedlings under relay strip intercropping, some morphological characteristics and yield. The seedling height, first internode length, cotyledonary node height and leaf area per plant were decreased, while the stem diameter, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root volume, leaf greenness and root to shoot dry weight ratio were increased by uniconazole treatment. The root vigor and root active absorption area were also increased significantly by uniconazole treatment. Moreover, 2 and 4 mg kg-1 uniconazole powder treatment increased shoot dry weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield significantly. Thus, the results suggested that seed treatment with uniconazole powder at a suitable concentration can improve soybean seedling growth, resist the lodging and also increase the seed yield under shading by corn in relay strip intercropping system. 相似文献