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1.
为了研究蛋内注射雌马酚(Eq)对肉鸡性腺发育的影响,选取三黄矮脚D肉鸡种蛋585枚,孵化至7胚龄时,随机分成3组:分别注射溶剂(对照组,Con组)、20μg Eq(低剂量组,L组)和100μg Eq(高剂量组,H组),出雏后按同一标准化程序饲养。结果表明:蛋内注射Eq对17胚龄胚重、性腺重和性腺的相对重量均无显著影响(P0.05);高、低剂量Eq处理对49日龄时体重无显著影响(P0.05),低剂量Eq可显著增加雌鸡卵巢重(P0.05)并伴血清雌二醇(E2)浓度的升高(P=0.08),但对雄性鸡性腺发育无显著影响(P0.05)。以上结果提示:鸡胚早期发育过程中接触一定浓度的Eq可提前雌性鸡性腺发育。 相似文献
2.
李仲连 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》1979,(4)
硫苯咪唑对奥氏奥斯脱线虫,捻转血予线虫与蛇形毛园线虫虫卵最适宜的浓度为每公升0.5毫克,可能由于物理的因素,增加浓度灭卵的效果反而降低。不论对胚胎期虫卵与非胎胚期虫卵,其灭卵作用是一样的,这些卵均不能孵化。用硫苯咪唑每公斤体重5毫克治疗10小时以后,绵羊粪便中含有大量的虫卵,但这些虫卵象不正常的虫卵一样发育受抑制,治疗12小时以后,虫卵发育的能力大为抑制。 相似文献
3.
以生物工程技术表达及120 g/L SDS-PAGE电泳纯化Nonapeptide突变体,取制备的Non-apeptide突变体进行抗新城疫病毒(NDV)的鸡胚试验、鸡体内抗NDV试验。结果表明,当Nonapeptide突变体基因产物浓度达4μg/mL～6μg/mL,对鸡胚保护率均达到100%,感染鸡胚全部存活;Nonapeptide突变体基因产物浓度大于4μg/mL,对NDV有很好的抑制作用,鸡用药后3 d体内检测不到NDV,低剂量组(2μg/mL)也有较好的抑制NDV作用,鸡用药后5 d体内检测不到NDV。Nonapeptide突变体基因产物具有NDV多克隆抗体相似活性,能够抑制鸡胚中和组织培养中NDV的繁殖,具有中和、抑制NDV吸附作用。 相似文献
4.
取鸡雌性蛔虫子宫内成熟卵,用平皿滤纸培养法置30℃恒温箱中孵化7 d(168 h),每天在显微镜下观察了解虫卵各发育期的形态并照相;另将成熟卵分别通过药物(Ⅰ)、太阳光照(Ⅱ)、粪便堆沤(Ⅲ)处理,洗净后经30℃恒温箱中孵化7 d,显微镜下观察虫卵成活情况。结果表明:虫卵发育各期形态可分为单细胞卵、二个胚泡期卵、四个胚泡期卵、八个胚泡期卵、前桑椹期卵、桑椹期卵、蝌蚪期卵、虫样期卵、感染期卵9种;第Ⅰ组3份样灭活率分别为9.78%、21.72%和98.88%,虫卵随药物作用时间增长,灭活率增高;第Ⅱ组3份样灭活率分别为61.12%、96.47%和97.27%,虫卵随太阳光照时间增长,灭活率增高,光照1 h和2 h的灭活率差异不大;第Ⅲ组3份样灭活率均为100%。虫卵发育停止于八个胚泡虫卵期,后期均为"0"。灭活作用以第Ⅲ组最好,第Ⅱ组次之,第Ⅰ组较差。 相似文献
5.
正(一)鸡绦虫病1.症状。鸡患绦虫后表现为长期下痢,食欲减退,消瘦,羽毛蓬乱,两翅下垂,发育受阻,甚至引起大批死亡。2.防治措施。驱绦虫可选用氯硝柳胺、硫双二氯酚和丙硫苯咪唑,鸡每千克体重剂量分别为100~150 mg、150~200 mg和20 mg,拌料喂给。(二)鸡蛔虫病1.症状。高密度散养鸡极易感染蛔虫。鸡感染蛔虫后表现为下痢, 相似文献
6.
朱砂七提取物体外抑菌和抗病毒活性部位筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选朱砂七提取物体外抑制9株临床分离致病菌和抑制新城疫病毒(NDV)的活性部位,采用琼脂扩散和试管稀释法进行体外抑菌试验,MTT法和鸡胚法测定了朱砂七提取物对NDV在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)和鸡胚内增殖的影响.结果显示,朱砂七乙酸乙酯部位(PCE)对9株临床分离菌的MBC均小于100 g/L;朱砂七氯仿部位(PCC)有一定的抑菌作用;大黄素对沙门菌(鸡)、链球菌(猪)、无乳链球菌(奶牛)、表皮葡萄球菌(奶牛)和金黄色葡萄球菌(奶牛)的MBC分别为5,2.5,2.5,2.5,1.25 g/L;PCE进一步分离部位PCEA对沙门菌(鸡)、链球菌(猪)、无乳链球菌(奶牛)、表皮葡萄球菌(奶牛)和金黄色葡萄球菌的MBC分别为24,24,12,6,6 g/L.PCC和大黄素对NDV在CEF上增殖的抑制作用不明显;PCE对NDV在CEF上的抑制率为39.12%(P＜0.01),PCEA对NDV在CEF上的抑制率为72.33%(P＜0.01);PCEA对NDV在鸡胚中增殖具有抑制作用,其预防组和药毒混合组与病毒对照组的血凝效价差异显著(P＜0.05),而治疗组与病毒对照组差异不显著.由此可知,朱砂七提取物具有抑制细菌作用,PCE和PCEA对NDV的增殖具有一定的抑制作用. 相似文献
7.
《畜牧与兽医》2017,(4):85-90
为研究西昌市鸡蛔虫的种内遗传变异和系统发生关系,用线粒体细胞色素b(cyt b)和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶亚单位Ⅰ(nad1)基因全序列分析了17个鸡蛔虫西昌分离株的遗传变异,并用cyt b和nad1序列构建鸡蛔虫与其他蛔虫的种系发育关系。测序结果显示:17株鸡蛔虫cyt b和nad1全序列长度分别为1 104 bp和876 bp,碱基变异率分别为02.4%和02.3%;分别检测到10个和7个单倍型,总的单倍型多样性分别为0.897±0.056和0.824±0.064,核苷酸多样性分别为0.004 70±0.001 61和0.004 21±0.001 65,平均遗传距离分别为0.005和0.004。构建的种系发育树均显示17个鸡蛔虫西昌分离株与其他国家/地区的鸡蛔虫分离株聚类形成一个分支,与鸽蛔虫的亲缘关系最近,与其他蛔虫所属的分支相隔较远。研究结果表明鸡蛔虫西昌分离株的遗传变异程度低,且cyt b基因比nad1基因更适合作为研究鸡蛔虫种内遗传变异的分子标记。 相似文献
8.
【目的】探究空心莲子草乙酸乙酯部位(ethyl acetate extract from Alternanthera philoxeroides,AETAC)体内外抗H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(H9N2 subtype Avian influenza virus, AIV-H9N2)活性及其作用机制。【方法】利用CCK-8法检测不同浓度AETAC作用不同时间对鸡胚成纤维细胞(DF-1)的抑制作用,通过预防感染、影响复制、阻止吸附及直接杀灭4种方式作用后检测AETAC对DF-1细胞的毒性,选择体外最佳抗AIV-H9N2作用方式。尿囊腔接种不同浓度AETAC确定其对鸡胚的最大安全浓度;将AETAC以3种不同给药方式作用于AIV-H9N2感染后鸡胚,选择体内最佳给药方式。经尿囊腔同时接种AETAC和AIV-H9N2,统计各组鸡胚存活数,测定血凝效价,并观察胚胎的发育情况和鸡胚法氏囊病理组织变化。【结果】在一定范围内,随着AETAC浓度升高或作用时间延长,AETAC对DF-1细胞的抑制率升高。与空白对照组相比,4种抗AIV-H9N2作用方式下,病毒对照组和药物组细胞存活率均显著降低(P<0.... 相似文献
9.
用优环霉素原粉对鸡毒支原体(病)进行了体内外的治疗、抑菌试验。体外试验结果表明：当优环霉素在培养基中有效药物浓度达到0．0625μg/mL时，能有效地抑制试管中鸡毒支原体的生长繁殖。体内试验结果显示：当饮水中药物浓度达到250μg／mL时，能一定程度上减少由于鸡毒支原体病引起的死亡，较明显地提高鸡体增重，随着药物浓度的加大这种作用更加明显；当药物浓度达到500μg／mL时，能较大幅度地降低气囊损伤。然而，所有药物治疗组均不能彻底抑制体内人工感染的鸡毒支原体而使血清学变为阴性反应。 相似文献
10.
《畜牧兽医科技信息》2016,(5)
正1鸡蛔虫病本病分布很广,散养条件下易发,常引起雏鸡进行性消瘦,下痢,生长迟缓,甚至造成大批死亡。1.1虫体特征与生活史蛔虫寄生于小肠中,是鸡体内最大的一种线虫,肉眼可见呈黄白色,雄虫长26~70mm,雌虫长65~110mm。蛔虫卵随鸡粪排出体外,在适宜条件下发育为感染性虫卵。鸡吞食了被感染性虫卵污染的饲料和饮水而遭感染。幼虫在鸡的消化道中由卵内逸出,钻入十二指肠粘膜,经过一段发育之后又返回肠腔,发育为成虫。从感染开始到 相似文献
11.
An in vitro egg development assay was used to test the resistance of eggs from a benzimidazole susceptible and a resistant strain of Haemonchus contortus to four benzimidazoles. Storage of eggs contained in faecal samples at 4 degrees C for four, 24 or 72 hours did not appear to impair the results from the in vitro egg development assay or alter the LD50. Storage for one week, however, proved to be lethal for the eggs. The average LD50 values for thiabendazole, albendazole, mebendazole and cambendazole were 0.06, 0.07, 0.96 and 2.47 ppm for the susceptible strain. For the resistant strain the values averaged 0.26, 0.24, 1.07 and 5.11 ppm. 相似文献
12.
Two experiments were conducted to compare the effect of chickens' age on resistance to primary and secondary infections with Ascaridia galli. In Experiment I, three groups, each of 80 female Lohman Brown chickens, aged one day, one month, or four months were compared. Within each group, 54 chickens were infected orally with 500 embryonated eggs and 26 were kept as non-infected controls. Weights were recorded weekly and five chickens in each group were slaughtered every 2 weeks for worm counts. At week 10 post-infection, 17 of the infected chickens and 18 of the controls were challenged with 500 eggs. In a replicate experiment (Experiment II), 35 one-day-old and 53 one-month-old female Lohman Brown chickens were infected orally with 500 A. galli eggs. Weights and fecal egg counts were recorded every week and infected chickens were necropsied every two weeks for determination of the worm burden. Chickens infected at one month of age excreted significantly fewer A. galli eggs when measured at 14 weeks of inoculation. The worms recovered from the one-month-old age group were significantly shorter than those from the chickens infected at one day of age in the first experiment. Worm burden and female fecundity values, however, were not significantly different between age groups in both Experiments I and II. Weight gains of infected chickens were not significantly different from the controls' and only a few chickens exhibited occasional slight diarrhea in both experiments. The results from these experiments demonstrate that the chickens' age only partially influences resistance to A. galli infection. 相似文献
13.
In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of thiabendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and ivermectin against Gongylonema pulchrum. For in vitro assays, third-stage larvae (L3) incubated with the drugs were administered orally to mice and the ability of larvae to invade the gastric mucosa of the animals was examined. After incubation, only those larvae treated with high concentrations of levamisole (1 and 10 microg/ml) were tightly coiled with intestines exhibiting morphological abnormalities. Good dose-response data for the drugs tested was observed at the time of worm recovery from mice, with no worms recovered at the two highest concentrations of levamisole. In vivo efficacy of the drugs against adult worms was evaluated in six groups of three rabbits, each of which was infected with 30 L3 of G. pulchrum and treated with thiabendazole at 100 mg/kg for 3 days, mebendazole at 70 mg/kg for 3 days, levamisole as a single dose of 8 mg/kg, and subcutaneously injected ivermectin as a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg or vehicles of the drugs (control) at 4 months post-infection. Necropsy 14 days after treatment revealed that levamisole, mebendazole and ivermectin reduced worm burdens by 63.2%, 22.8% and 25.8%, respectively, with no reductions in worms observed with thiabendazole. The surviving worms were principally found in the esophagus with the remainder distributed among the buccal mucosa, the tongue, and/or pharyngeal mucosa in all groups. A number of morphologically abnormal eggs were observed within the uterus and ovijector in female worms recovered from the thiabendazole-treated group. These findings suggest that levamisole exhibits in vivo efficacy against G. pulchrum infection and that the larval invasion tests using mice could be used to screen for anthelmintic susceptibility of nematodes. 相似文献
14.
Screen for anthelmintics, using larvae of Ascaris suum 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A multiwell culture system was used to assay the effects of 12 known anthelmintic compounds on Ascaris suum larval development from 2nd-stage (L2; hatched from eggs) to early 3rd-stage (L3) and from in vivo-derived late L3 to early 4th-stage (L4). Larval survival, development, and motility were monitored for drug effects. Development of L2 to L3 was sensitive to thiabendazole, albendazole (ABZ), ABZ/sulfoxide, ABZ/sulfone (SO), mebendazole, L-tetramisole, D-tetramisole, piperazine, or closantel at a concentration of 0.01 microgram/ml; however, the effects of these drugs on larval development did not correlate well with known effects in vivo. The development of L3 to L4 was blocked by ABZ or mebendazole at 0.01 microgram/ml, by thiabendazole or ABZ/sulfoxide at 0.1 microgram/ml, and by ABZ/SO at 1.0 microgram/ml; however, except for ABZ/SO, most larvae were viable at these concentrations. In contrast, L-tetramisole or morantel appeared to inhibit development of L3 to L4 and to reduce survival at concentrations of greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml; however, D-tetramisole was at least 10 times less effective. Haloxon, ivermectin, and closantel blocked development of L3 to L4 at 0.1, 1, and 10 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the absence of serum, but their activity was reduced by the presence of serum. Seemingly, in vitro development of A suum larvae was a convenient and sensitive bioassay for anthelmintic activity and could serve as a screen for anthelmintic residues in edible tissues. 相似文献
15.
Three groups of caged 20 Tetra-SL cockerels aged 1 day were orally infected with 30, 60 or 125 embryonated Ascaridia galli eggs. After 11, 12 and 13 weeks, faecal egg counts (FECs) were determined. All birds were slaughtered after the last sampling. A group of 25 control birds was sampled and slaughtered in parallel. The gastrointestinal tracts were examined for the presence of adult stages of A. galli. A random sample of 10% was also examined for the presence of immature stages of A. galli. The group with an infection dose of 125 eggs showed the highest average worm burden (p<0.05) and number of females (p<0.05), but the mean establishment rate was the lowest in this group. There was no significant difference in the mean logFEC between the groups. The logFEC per female worm was the highest in the low infection group (p<0.05). The average worm length and weight and the birds body weight were not significantly different among the groups. The estimated repeatabilities for mean logFEC of the different samples were reasonably high (0.55-0.87). This may open a way of genetic selection for A. galli resistance in chickens, which will be of importance for birds kept in alternative and organic farming systems. 相似文献
16.
Twenty-five known anthelmintic compounds were evaluated in vitro against the highly motile exsheathed non-feeding third-stage of Haemonchus contortus larvae. Activity was based on lack of motility or death of larvae after 24 h of chemical exposure. Six compounds (avermectins, closantel, levamisole, morantel, phenylhydrazone and ticarbodine) were active at a concentration of 100 μg cm?3 or less. The most active compounds were avermectins and levamisole. When higher in vitro concentrations were used, ten compounds (bephenium, coumaphos, dichlorovos, disophenol, hygromycin b, methyridine, parbendazole, phenothiazine, pyrantel and thiabendazole) exhibited activity. Nine compounds were found to be inactive; among these were the new benzimidazoles, i.e., albendazole, fenbendazole, mebendazole and oxibendazole. Because of the inactivity of the new benzimidazoles, this in vitro system is unsuitable as a routine screening tool. Also, the system appears to favor drugs that act quickly through percuticular entry. In an initial group of 5280 untested compounds, 254 (4.8%) exhibited in vitro activity at 100 μg cm?3 against the non-feeding larvae stage. The exogenous and in vitro cultivation techniques required for collecting, cleaning and exsheating the larvae are described. 相似文献
17.
高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测猪肝中苯并咪唑类药物及其代谢物残留 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了猪肝中阿苯哒唑及其代谢物阿苯哒唑砜、阿苯哒唑亚砜、2-氨基阿苯哒唑砜,噻苯哒唑及其代谢物5-羟基噻苯哒唑,甲苯哒唑及其代谢物氨基甲苯哒唑、5-羟基甲苯哒唑,芬苯哒唑及其代谢物芬苯哒唑砜、等效物奥芬哒唑,氟苯哒唑及其代谢物2-氨基-氟苯哒唑共14种苯并咪唑类药物及其代谢物残留检测的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。样品用乙酸乙酯提取,MCX固相萃取柱净化。WatersXterraC18色谱柱（2．1mm×150mm,5μm）分离,流动相A相为0．1％甲酸乙腈溶液;B相为0．1％甲酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,外标法定量。结果表明,14种苯并咪唑类药物及其代谢物标准溶液在10～1000ng／mL的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,尺。均大于0．99,方法检测限为5斗g／kg,定量限为10μg／kg,14种苯并咪唑类药物及其代谢物在10—200μg／kg添加浓度范围内回收率均70％～120％之间。批内、批间相对标准偏差均小于20％。本方法灵敏、准确,满足食品安全检测法规的要求。 相似文献
18.
Two strains of Ostertagia circumcincta were isolated from sheep in Great Britain; one (CVL strain) from a breeding flock maintained at the Central Veterinary Laboratory, the other (H2 strain) from a commercial flock in southern England. Their resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics was assessed by means of in vitro egg hatch assays and slaughter trials. In vitro egg hatch assays gave calculated ED50 estimates of 0.799 micrograms thiabendazole/ml for the CVL strain and 0.794 micrograms thiabendazole/ml for the H2 strain, compared with ED50 estimates of 0.038 micrograms thiabendazole/m and 0.036 micrograms thiabendazole/ml for two known susceptible strains of O circumcincta. There was a 40.7, 28.4 and 66.9 per cent reduction in the group mean worm burdens of lambs infected with the CVL strain following treatment with thiabendazole, fenbendazole and oxfendazole, respectively, and 23.8, 0.0, 79.6, 52.7, 99.9 and 100 per cent reduction in the group mean worm burdens of lambs infected with the H2 strain following treatment with thiabendazole, fenbendazole, oxfendazole, albendazole, levamisole and ivermectin, respectively. Detailed field histories for both strains are given. 相似文献
19.
Nine drugs with known or suspected antiprotozoal activity were tested in vitro, and in vivo for activity against Histomonas meleagridis. The nitroimidazoles dimetridazole, metronidazole, ornidazole, and tinidazole suppressed growth of H. meleagridis in vitro at 10 microg/ml or higher. Paromomycin sulfate, and carbadox were weakly effective at high levels. Quinolinol, mebendazole, diloxanide furoate, and albendazole had no demonstrable efficacy in vitro. Drugs showing some activity in vitro were tested in young chickens inoculated intracloacally with 2 x 10(5) H. meleagridis/bird. Dimetridazole, metronidazole, ornidazole, and tinidazole were highly effective at 200 ppm in feed. Paromomycin sulfate, and carbadox were ineffective in vivo, with no improvement in liver or cecal lesion scores compared to that of infected controls. Thus, the only new entities with efficacy against blackhead disease in vivo were nitroimidazoles, related to the positive control dimetridazole. 相似文献
20.
The use of phytogenic bioactive compounds to control poultry helminthes is increasing in different production systems. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of citrus peels against Ascaridia galli was investigated. Ethanolic extracts of three citrus peels species were suspended in 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to form an experimental composition (EC). EC was mainly composed of Limonene (96%), followed by β-Pinene (1.5%), α-Pinene (0.5%), and Sabinene (0.3%). For in vitro investigation, adult A. galli worms (n=225) were collected from naturally infected chickens and distributed to 3 equal groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were exposed to Fenbendazole (0.5mg/ml), EC (50mg/ml), and 0.5% DMSO, respectively. For in vivo investigation, 200 Lohmann Selected Leghorns chicks were infected at 1-day old with 250 embryonated A. galli eggs. At 6 weeks of age, 150 A. galli infected birds were randomly allocated into 5 equal groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were treated with 300, 600, and 1200 mg EC kg(-1) body weight, respectively. Group 4 was treated with Fenbendazole (50 mg kg(-1)). Group 5 was left as control. Birds were euthanized 2-weeks post-treatment, and all worms were collected from their intestines. EC possessed significant (P<0.001) in vitro anthelmintic properties on live worms. No significant (P>0.05) difference was quantified between number of motile worms exposed either to EC or Fenbendazole 7h post-exposure. A significant (P<0.0001) reduction in fecal egg count was observed 14 days post-treatment with 1200 mg kg(-1) EC. No significant differences were observed in worm burden of the 300 mg EC-treated group compared to the controls. In contrast, the 600 and 1200 mg EC-treated groups showed significant (P<0.0001) reduction in worm burden. Fenbendazole was the most effective in reducing A. galli burden (Efficacy=97%) followed by 1200 mg EC kg(-1) (68%), 600 mg EC kg(-1) (66%), and 300 mg EC kg(-1) (5%). It is concluded that citrus peels extracts have potential anthelmintic properties against A. galli. 相似文献