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1.
雏鸡缺锌病的病理学研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  
试验用一日龄Aiboi Acies雏鸡6O只分三组,分别喂给低锌自然饲粮(含锌25.75ppm);低锌高钙饲粮(含锌26.75ppm 钙1.5％);补锌饲粮(含锌25.75ppm 锌50ppm)。缺锌雏鸡生长缓慢,并可发生死亡,最特征性病变是羽囊角化亢进、发炎、变性、坏死和机化,故羽毛发育不良,寡毛,羽枝脱落;其次是淋巴组织萎缩。 缺锌病雏血清碱性磷酸酶活性下降和肝锌含量降低。  相似文献   

2.
360只健康、1日龄罗斯肉鸡用于研究甘氨酸螯合锌(Zn-Gly)对肉鸡生长性能、血液学及免疫特性的影响。将肉鸡随机分配到6个处理组中。饲粮如下:1对照组,基础饲粮含锌29.3mg/kg(0~3周)、27.8mg/kg(4~6周);2基础饲粮中补锌30mg/kg(Zn-Gly);3基础饲粮中补锌60mg/kg(Zn-Gly);4基础饲粮中补锌90mg/kg(Zn-Gly);5基础饲粮中补锌120mg/kg(Zn-Gly);6正对照组,基础饲粮中补锌120mg/kg(ZnSO4)。21d和42d的饲养试验表明,Zn-Gly和ZnSO4都能改善肉鸡生长性能,平均日采食量在补锌90mg/kg(Zn-Gly)时最高;0~3周和4~6周,平均日增重分别在补锌120mg/kg(Zn-Gly)和补锌90mg/kg(Zn-Gly)时最高。额外添加(Zn-Gly)能够改善免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgM、IgG)水平,改善血清总蛋白和钙的含量,增加免疫器官指数,特别是补锌90mg/kg(Zn-Gly)组。然而,血清补体(C3和C4)及白蛋白含量在各处理组间无显著差异。  相似文献   

3.
试验在玉米-豆饼型基础饲粮中(含锌29.2ppm)添加不同水平锌和钙研究了饲粮锌和钙水平对蛋用型鸡产蛋期生产性能、血液生化指标和组织中锌含量的影响。结果表明:1.仅喂未加锌的基础饲粮的试验鸡开产晚(P<0.05),产蛋率低(P<0.05)、蛋重小(P<0.05)、产蛋量少(P<0.01)、饲料利用效率差(P<0.01)、破壳率高(P<0.01)。饲粮加锌1000ppm与加锌40ppm对照相比,生产性能无显著差异。饲粮高钙对产蛋鸡生产性能无不良影响。2.血清碱性磷酸酶活性随饲粮加锌水平的提高而显著提高(P<0.01),但不受饲粮钙水平显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮加锌1000ppm使血清总蛋白含量(P<0.01)、血清白蛋白和球蛋白含量(P<0.05)显著降低。饲粮高钙使血清总蛋白含量(P<0.01)和白蛋白含量(P<0.05)显著降低,而球蛋白含量不受影响(P>0.05)。3.随饲粮加锌水平的提高,肝脏(P<0.01)、胰脏(P<0.01)和胫骨(P<0.01)中锌含量大幅度升高;血液(P<0.01)、肾脏(P<0.01)和肺脏(P<0.05)中锌含量升高幅度较小;而输卵管(P>0.05)、心脏(P>0.05)和肌肉(P>0.05)中锌含量无显著变化。饲粮高钙使肝脏(P<0.05)和肌肉(P<0.01)中锌含量显著降低,对其它器官无显著影响(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

4.
试验研究了母鸡饲粮不同水平的锌(添加量为0、40和1000ppm)和钙(含量为3.12和4.70％)对初生雏鸡体内和残壳中9种矿物元素(钙、磷、钾、钠、镁、锌、锰、铜和铁)含量的影响。结果表明,母鸡饲粮高锌使初生雏鸡体内锌含量显著提高;当饲粮高钙高锌时,初生雏体内锰含量显著降低;当饲粮低钙高锌时,残壳中锰含量显著升高。母鸡饲粮高钙使初生雏鸡残壳锌和锰含量显著降低,使残壳钙和铜含量显著提高。  相似文献   

5.
本研究的目的在于确定用高铜饲粮喂无菌猪(germ—freer pigs)和按常规饲养猪(Conventionally reared pigs)对血液学、器官重量、肠道特征以及微量元素Cu、Zn 和 Fe 利用等的生理影响。试验选用10头无菌猪,分两组,其中一组6头,平均体重5.3千克,喂给经高压灭菌处理的平衡基础饲粮(16ppm Cu),另一组4头,平均体重5.5千克,喂给经高压灭菌的平衡高铜饲粮(283ppm Cu);10头常规猪平均体重6千克,也分两组,每组5头,分别给  相似文献   

6.
丹麦试验,用氧化锌添加在饲料中喂断奶仔猪,可减少腹泻并提高增重。仔猪28日龄断奶,喂以大麦、小麦、大豆饼粉、鱼粉和干脱脂奶粉配成的基础饲粮,其中锌含量为60ppm。在这种基础饲粮中,以氧化锌添加锌0、100、200、1000、2500和4000ppm,并将这些加锌饲粮喂给断奶猪只1～3周,然后所有猪只均喂给  相似文献   

7.
杜×长×大三元杂交肥育猪48头被随机分成3组,即对照组、试验1组和试验2组。3组猪试验处理如下:用基础饲粮直接喂对照组猪;在基础饲粮中加0.5%耐热素A后,喂试验1组猪;将基础饲粮中食盐含量降到0.2%,再加0.5%耐热素B后,喂试验2组猪。饲养试验期为54d。试验期间猪舍内最高温度39℃,最低温度22℃、平均相对湿度为71.6%;在对3组猪分别喂3种饲粮3周后开始采集粪样,连续采集1周。结果如下:试验1、2组猪的体温均在不同程度上低于对照组猪,但差异不显著(P>0.05);在高温下,耐热素能较好地维持猪健康状态;试验1组猪饲粮中粗纤维、粗灰分、钙、磷的消化率均显著地高于对照组(P<0.05),试验1组猪饲粮中粗脂肪、粗蛋白、无氮浸出物、干物质的消化率也比对照组高,但不显著(P>0.05)。试验结果表明:耐热素A在高温下对维持猪体健康和提高饲粮养分消化率有积极的作用。  相似文献   

8.
纯种荣昌哺乳仔猪20窝(161头),随机分为5组,每组4窝,从20日龄起,分别饲以基础饲粮(1组);基础饲粮+0.5％柠檬酸(下称柠檬酸饲粮,2组):柠檬酸饲粮+喹乙醇(75ppm,3组);柠檬酸饲粮+硫酸铜(250ppm铜,4组);柠檬酸饲粮+喹乙醇(75ppm)和硫酸铜(250ppm铜,5组),至60日龄结束。试验结果表明,在基础饲粮中添加柠檬酸、喹乙醇、硫酸铜后,使哺乳仔猪生产性能得到改善。日增重(克)2—5组依次为289,303,298,330,与1组252相比,2—4组P<0.05:5组P<0.01;与2组比,3组、4组P>0.05,5组P<0.05。千克增重耗消化能(兆卡),1—5组依次为7.34,7.03,6.47,631和6.18;头均净收入(元)依次为22.55,24.93,28.63,29.03和30.89。此外进行肠道微生物区系观察,添加柠檬酸的2组比1组肠道中肠球菌、大肠杆菌分别减少6.88％和10.02％;乳酸菌、酵母茵分别增加5.1％和29.5％。  相似文献   

9.
日粮钙、锌水平对蛋鸡肝脏和肾脏金属硫蛋白含量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究由两个实验组成,分别观察了不同钙、锌日粮水平下,肝脏和肾脏细胞浆内金属硫蛋白(MT)含量的动态变化.实验1,在含锌30.2～30.8ppm的大豆—玉米型基础日粮中,分别添加0.72%、3.0%和6.0%的钙,其中3%钙组在实验第220d后,在日粮中添加40ppm锌,继续饲喂9d.实验2,在基础日粮中分别添加1000ppm、2OO0ppm、4O00ppm和4000ppm锌,饲喂13d,其后,第4组(日粮中添加4000ppm锌组)改喂基础日粮.结果如下:实验1,各组肝脏和肾脏锌含量均显著低于实验前的水平,其中6%钙组尤为明显;各组肝、肾细胞浆中MT含量均<0.6ppm,且与其组织锌含量呈正相关;3%钙组添加40ppm锌后,肝、肾锌及MT含量迅速增加,明显高于添加前的水平.由此表明,高钙日粮干扰了肝、肾锌的代谢和MT的合成.实验2,肝、肾锌及MT含量与锌的添加水平及接触锌的时间长短有关,锌含量与MT的变动呈正相关,且MT的增高幅度显著大于锌;切断外加锌源后,肝、肾锌及其MT含量迅速减少,其衰减期分别为9(5～10)和6(5～7)d;MT含量的变动与其他含锌蛋白亦有一定关联.实验2表明,肝脏是合成及贮存NT的主要器官,其效能强于肾脏,MT含量能准确反映体内锌状态.  相似文献   

10.
采用实用饲粮,对雏鸭进行低锰水平、适锰水平和高锰水平试验,测定结果表明:低锰饲粮(含锰18.23ppm)影响雏鸭肝锌含量(P<0.01),高锰饲粮(含锰3018.23ppm或4018.23ppm)改变了雏鸭肝铜含量(P<0.01),并影响血清、肝脏相应的铜锌比值(P<0.05),补锰4000ppm极显著降低雏鸭血红蛋白含量(P<0.01),饲粮锰偏低或过量均影响雏鸭肝脏铜锌代谢。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

13.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

15.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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16.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

17.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

18.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the gland cisterns and teat cisterns. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

19.
Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone.  相似文献   

20.
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