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我国转基因食品安全管理制度变迁分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
转基因食品管理制度变迁的研究,对进一步完善我国生物制品的管理,具有非常重要的理论和实践意义。以我国转基因食品安全管理制度的变迁作为研究的切入点,从制度经济学、博弈论和历史唯物主义三个视角对转基因食品安全管理制度的演进原因及变迁所取得的成效进行了分析,并提出从充分发挥市场的资源配置机制、利益驱动机制、实行听证会制度等方面进一步完善我国转基因食品安全管理政策的具体策略。 相似文献
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转基因食品自问世以来,其巨大的经济利益和潜在的安全性并存,一直是倍受争论的焦点。在针对转基因食品安全问题上,各国在管制理念、管制措施和管制方法等方面均有很大差异。本文介绍了欧盟、美国及日本的转基因食品安全监管制度,比较了它们之间的差异性,认为中国应该借鉴国外成功的经验,制定适合于我国国情的转基因食品安全监管制度。 相似文献
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转基因技术对粮食安全的影响及对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
转基因技术可打破物种界限,实现作物性状的定向改造,在解决粮食增产、节水、增效以及提高土地利用率和改进农产品质量等方面显现巨大潜力。阐述了转基因技术对我国粮食安全的作用,系统分析了我国转基因技术的发展现状,以及生物安全对转基因技术应用的影响。在上述研究的基础上,提出了我国转基因技术发展的四点对策,即加快发展与粮食安全密切相关的转基因性状;科学规划自主研发和技术引进;促进转基因技术和传统育种的结合;保障粮食安全和保障生物安全并重。 相似文献
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The emerging concept of food sovereignty refers to the right of communities, peoples, and states to independently determine their own food and agricultural policies. It raises the question of which type of food production, agriculture and rural development should be pursued to guarantee food security for the world population. Social movements and non-governmental organizations have readily integrated the concept into their terminology. The concept is also beginning to find its way into the debates and policies of UN organizations and national governments in both developing and industrialized countries. Beyond its relation to civil society movements little academic attention has been paid to the concept of food sovereignty and its appropriateness for international development policies aimed at reducing hunger and poverty, especially in comparison to the human right to adequate food (RtAF). We analyze, on the basis of an extensive literature review, the concept of food sovereignty with regard to its ability to contribute to hunger and poverty reduction worldwide as well as the challenges attached to this concept. Then, we compare the concept of food sovereignty with the RtAF and discuss the appropriateness of both concepts for national public sector policy makers and international development policies. We conclude that the impact on global food security is likely to be much greater if the RtAF approach predominated public policies. While the concept of food sovereignty may be appropriate for civil society movements, we recommend that the RtAF should obtain highest priority in national and international agricultural, trade and development policies. 相似文献
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Judith Carney 《Agriculture and Human Values》1991,8(1-2):37-48
Considerable attention has focussed on the potential of indigenous agricultural knowledge for sustainable development. Drawing upon fieldwork on the soil and water management principles of rice farming systems in Senegambia, this paper examines the potential of the traditional system for a sustainable food security strategy. Problems with pumpirrigation are reviewed as well as previous efforts in swamp rice development. It is argued that sustainability depends on more than ecological factors and in particular, requires sensitivity to socio-economic parameters such as the labor demands of the food security strategy, the sexual division of labor, and food pricing policies. 相似文献
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在粮食生产资源要素趋向外移、世界粮食安全形势趋紧的背景下.粮食安全问题依然重要.当前,围绕着气候变暖对粮食安全有利还是有弊、转基因技术是否应在粮食生产中采用、低碳经济发展对粮食安全有无影响的争论正在展开.本文在辨析各种不同观点的基础上,提出气候变化、转基因技术以及低碳经济对粮食安全的影响均是双向的,保障粮食安全的关键还在于因势利导.在气候变迁的背景下.应积极发展农田水利,扩大有效灌溉面积;对于转基因技术是否应用推广应视市场需求而定.当前应作为技术储备加强研究;面对低碳经济时代的到来,粮食生产应该从投入低碳化、产出低碳化和生产过程中有效的固碳及减少碳排放着手. 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2017,(12)
China's food supply and demand have significant implications for both China's own national food security and that of the world. This study reviews China's food security prospects and their implications, focusing on international trade in the coming decade. The results show that China's policies for ensuring food security will be enhanced and China will move to sustainable agriculture. Most studies anticipate that China will increase its food and feed imports in the coming decade. China's overall food self-sufficiency is likely to fall from 94.5% in 2015 to around 91% by 2025. The greatest increases in imports are likely to be soybean, maize, sugar, and dairy products. However, within the production capacity of the major exporting countries and of many food-importing developing countries, China's additional imports of 3 to 5% of its total food consumption in the coming decade are unlikely to threaten global food security. Indeed, the projected imports of feed and several foods could provide opportunities for many exporting countries to expand their production and save global resources. 相似文献
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转基因农业生物技术安全隐忧及其监管研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着转基因农业生物技术的迅猛发展,由其带来的潜在风险也日益被世人所关注。文章指出转基因农业生物技术在转基因农产品的食用安全性、转基因农作物的环境安全性、目的基因的遗传与表达稳定性等方面存在潜在风险,并在总结转基因农业生物技术安全监管的国际经验的基础上,提出我国应在防止不同农作物之间的基因漂移、完善转基因农产品的标识制度、加大转基因技术的研究力度等方面加强转基因农业生物技术的安全监管。 相似文献
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规模经营以前,粮农属于收入最低的群体,努力种粮也不能保障自己的粮食安全和经济安全。离开粮食
生产行业,可以提高粮农的粮食安全和经济安全水平。而国家的粮食安全与粮农的粮食安全和经济安全利益会出现
不一致现象。解决不一致现象,需要培育新型农业经营主体,实现规模经营,降低成本,使种粮收入大幅度提高,使粮
农成为体面的职业,让农业成为有奔头的产业。这样,国家的粮食安全与粮农的粮食安全和经济安全利益才能相一
致。同时探索耕地产权自有的制度改革,强化耕地作为财产的价值和功用,增强耕地吸引力,激励更有竞争力的劳动
者保障国家粮食安全。 相似文献
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针对当前中国粮食安全形势和未来发展趋势,提出中国粮食安全的观念、制度与技术创新思路。在粮食安全观念创新上,要树立“大粮食”观念,逐步实现粮食的数量安全、经济安全和营养安全三级目标,确保粮食增产与增收同步,并重点保障口粮安全,开放非口粮市场。在粮食安全的制度创新上,要推进土地股份合作制,强化耕地评审管理制度,建立和健全粮食安全监测预警体系、粮食市场购销体系、农产品质量标准体系,强化粮食产购中的调控与管理力度。在粮食安全的技术创新上,着重调整粮食产销的区域布局,推行多熟超高产生产技术,构建“大粮食”生产结构。 相似文献