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旨在研究中国荷斯坦牛中瓜氨酸血症(Citrullinemia,CN)和尿苷酸核酶缺乏症(Deficiency of uridinemonophosphate synthase,DUMPS)2种遗传缺陷的携带者比率及系谱来源,并构建更简便的检测方法。本研究通过PCR-RFLP方法对参加我国联合青年公牛后裔测定和良种补贴项目的591头荷斯坦公牛进行了大规模CN和DUMPS的遗传缺陷检测,并构建了奶牛CN隐性有害基因的AS-PCR检测技术。结果,共发现2头CN和1头DUMPS隐性有害基因携带者公牛,携带者比例分别为0.34%和0.17%。经过系谱追溯,2头CN携带者公牛均为澳大利亚公牛Linmack Kriss King-CN后代,DUMPS携带者公牛为美国公牛Skokie sensation Ned后代。基于此,我国有必要尽快建立荷斯坦牛隐性遗传缺陷监控体系并进行系谱标注,通过青年公牛预选和选种选配,避免携带者公牛进入后裔测定和良种补贴项目,以逐步降低我国奶牛群体中隐性有害等位基因频率。 相似文献
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牛瓜氨酸血症、尿苷酸合酶缺乏症PCR-RFLP检测方法的建立及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解我国奶牛群中牛瓜氨酸血症(Citrullinemia,CN)、尿苷酸合酶缺乏症(Deficiency of uridine monophophate synthase,DUMPS)的携带和发生情况,根据已报道的ASS、UMPS基因核苷酸序列,设计2对引物建立了相应PCR-RFLP检测方法,并对表型正常的436头荷斯坦母牛及93头荷斯坦公牛进行检测.结果共检出CN、DUMPS杂合牛分别为8和6头,携带率分别为1.55%,1.17%.其中CN、DUMPS公牛杂合子分别为2和1头. 相似文献
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本文旨在研究天津地区中国荷斯坦公牛脊椎畸形综合征（Complex vertebral malformation,CVM）、尿苷酸合酶缺乏症（Deftciencv of uridine monophospham synchase,DUMPS）和瓜氨酸血症（Citrullinemia,CN）3种遗传缺陷的携带者比率及系谱来源。通过PIRA—PCR和PCR—RFLP方法分别对天津奶牛发展中心参加全国青年公牛联合后裔测定和国家良种补贴项目的110头荷斯坦公牛进行了CVM、DUMPS和CN三种遗传缺陷检测。共发现6头CVM隐性有害基因携带公牛,携带者比例为5．45％,隐性有害等位基因频率为2．72％。经过系谱分析,其中4头CVM携带者均为美国公牛Carlin—MIvanhoeBell的后代,另外2头因系谱不完整而无法查询。未检测到DuMPs和CN隐性有害基因携带者。基于此,我国有必要尽快建立荷斯坦牛隐性遗传缺陷监控体系并进行系谱标注,避免携带公牛进入后裔测定和良种补贴项目,以逐步降低我国奶牛群体中遗传缺陷隐性等位基因频率。 相似文献
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中国荷斯坦种公牛BLAD遗传缺陷的分子检测及系谱分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验运用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链式反应（RFLP-PCR）方法,检测我国荷斯坦种公牛白细胞粘附缺陷（bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency,BLAD）基因的携带频率。共检测了来自全国14个公牛站的587头种公牛,发现BLAD携带者8头,携带率为1.36%。对现有公牛系谱信息分析显示,携带者公牛来自美国、加拿大和中国,其中6头携带者公牛可以追溯到共同祖先Osborndale Ivanhoe。此外,本研究还对我国荷斯坦牛遗传缺陷的控制和携带者公牛的利用提出建议。 相似文献
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尿苷-磷酸合成酶缺陷(DUMPS)是荷斯坦牛中发生的一种致死性遗传病,呈常染色体隐性遗传,其杂合子对健康无不良影响,而隐性基因的纯合子会导致胚胎在怀孕40天左右死亡。估计美国荷斯坦黑白花牛中DUMPS的携带者占1％—2％。鉴于美国牛的精液、胚胎和种牛有全球市场,所以在 相似文献
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奶牛隐性遗传缺陷脊椎畸形综合征的SSCP分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
丹麦科学家1999年首先发现了荷斯坦牛中存在的、造成大量流产和畸形犊牛的脊椎畸形综合征(CVM)遗传缺陷.全世界奶牛业已经验证并认同丹麦科学家的研究结果,世界各国纷纷采取措施对付这种有史以来因遗传原因给荷斯坦牛造成巨大损失的疾病.我国奶牛群中也同样存在着隐性遗传缺陷CVM问题,可能已经给奶牛场造成巨大的损失.本文介绍了奶牛CVM的概况和CVM隐性遗传缺陷基因的分子检测方法,分析了其遗传机理和传递规律.以及国外对CVM的发现、检测和处理办法.介绍了控制CVM的关键点.北京奶牛中心在国内率先对本单位的150头荷斯坦种公牛和140头荷斯坦母牛进行DNA测定,对种公牛和母牛的DNA样品进行了SSCP分析,结果表明,在所检测的150头种公牛中,有16头是CVM携带者,携带率为10.7%:140头母牛中,17头是携带者,携带率为12%.通过基因检测技术对种公牛进行选择.向养牛户提供CVM非携带者的公牛精液,避免CVM隐性遗传缺陷基因造成的经济损失,从而提高奶牛场的经济效益. 相似文献
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为建立荷斯坦奶牛瓜氨酸血症和尿苷酸核酶缺乏症两种遗传缺陷病的检测方法，根据文献报道的精氨酸琥珀酸合成酶、UMPS基因核苷酸序列，设计引物，通过条件的优化，建立了巢式PCR反应体系。结合PCR产物测序，建立了检测CN和DUMPS方法。取243份临床牛血清样品用巢式PCR检测并测序，发现CN野生型238份，CN杂合子型5份，CN突变型0份；DUMPS野生型236份，DUMPS杂合子型5份，DUMPS突变型2份。所建立的巢式PCR方法灵敏、特异，还兼具高通量的特点，适合口岸对荷斯坦奶牛CN和DUMPS遗传缺陷病的大样品量检测。 相似文献
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中国荷斯坦牛白细胞粘附缺陷病遗传分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
荷斯坦牛白细胞粘附缺陷病（BLAD）是一种遗传性免疫缺陷病，患病牛出生后，生长发育差，绝大多数在1年内死亡，且不具繁殖和哺育能力。该病的遗传基础为CD18基因编码区383位的A／G点突变导致白细胞表面的β2整合素表达缺陷。目前欧美等奶牛业发达国家都已经建立了完善的BLAD分子检测方法和跟踪监控体系。中国长期从国外进口荷斯坦公牛精液、胚胎或活体，由此可能引进了BLAD基因。本研究采用PCR—RFLP方法对116头可疑中国荷斯坦牛进行了检测．确定了2头BLAD携带者公牛和8头携带者母牛．未发现隐性纯合个体． 相似文献
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Ahola JK Foster HA Vanoverbeke DL Jensen KS Wilson RL Glaze JB Fife TE Gray CW Nash SA Panting RR Rimbey NR 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(5):1474-1483
A survey was conducted to quantify incidence of Beef Quality Assurance (BQA)-related defects in market beef and dairy cows and bulls selling at auction during 2 seasons in 2008. Twenty-three BQA-related traits were evaluated by 9 trained personnel during sales at 10 livestock auction markets in Idaho (n = 5; beef and dairy), California, (n = 4; dairy only), and Utah (n = 1; beef and dairy). Overall, 18,949 unique lots (8,213 beef cows, 1,036 beef bulls, 9,177 dairy cows, and 523 dairy bulls,) consisting of 23,479 animals (9,299 beef cows, 1,091 beef bulls, 12,429 dairy cows, and 660 dairy bulls) were evaluated during 125 sales (64 spring, 61 fall) for dairy and 79 sales (40 spring, 39 fall) for beef. The majority of market beef cows and bulls (60.9 and 71.3%, respectively) were predominantly black-hided, and the Holstein hide pattern was observed in 95.4 and 93.6% of market dairy cows and bulls, respectively. Market cattle weighed 548 ± 103.6 kg (beef cows), 751 ± 176.1 kg (beef bulls), 658 ± 129.7 kg (dairy cows), and 731 ± 150.8 kg (dairy bulls). Most beef cows (79.6%) weighed 455 to 726 kg, and most beef bulls (73.8%) weighed 545 to 954 kg, respectively. Among market beef cattle, 16.0% of cows and 14.5% of bulls weighed less than 455 and 545 kg, respectively, and 63.7% of dairy cows and 81.5% of dairy bulls weighed 545 to 817 kg or 545 to 954 kg, respectively. However, 19.5% of dairy cows and 13.1% of dairy bulls weighed less than 545 kg. Mean BCS for beef cattle (9-point scale) was 4.7 ± 1.2 (cows) and 5.3 ± 0.9 (bulls), and for dairy cattle (5-point scale) was 2.6 ± 0.8 (cows) and 2.9 ± 0.6 (bulls). Some 16.5% of beef cows and 4.1% of beef bulls had a BCS of 1 to 3, whereas 34.8% of dairy cows and 10.4% of dairy bulls had a BCS of 2 or less. Emaciation (beef BCS = 1, dairy BCS = 1.0) or near-emaciation (beef BCS = 2, dairy BCS = 1.5) was observed in 13.3% of dairy cows and 3.9% of beef cows. Among beef cattle, 15.1% of cows and 15.4% of bulls were considered lame. In contrast, 44.7% of dairy cows and 26.1% of dairy bulls were lame. Ocular neoplasia (cancer eye) was observed in only 0.6% of beef cows, 0.3% of beef bulls, 0.3% of dairy cows, and 0.0% of dairy bulls. However, among animals with ocular neoplasia, it was cancerous in 34.4% of beef bulls, 48.0% of dairy cows, and 73.3% of beef cows. In conclusion, numerous quality defects are present in market beef and dairy cattle selling at auction in the Western United States, which could influence their value at auction. 相似文献
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[目的]研究黑毛和牛改良皖南黄牛后代的生长性能及对皖南地区环境的适应能力。[方法]和杂F1代和和杂F2代为试验组,皖南牛为对照组。其中犊牛和杂牛F1代公牛17头、母牛21头,和杂F2代公牛9头、母牛11头,皖南牛公牛13头、母牛10头;6月龄及12月龄和杂牛F1代公牛15头、母牛18头,和杂F2代公牛8头,母牛9头,皖南牛公牛13头、母牛10头;18月龄和杂牛F1代公牛10头、母牛12头,和杂F2代公牛7头,母牛7头,皖南牛公牛11头、母牛8头。测定和杂牛F1代和F2代的体尺及体重等生长性能,并与皖南黄牛的生长性能进行比较。[结果]和杂牛生长发育较本地牛要快,但其增重相对其他外来肉牛品种来说仍然较慢。[结论]和牛可以作为皖南黄牛改良杂交的种质资源,提高皖南牛的生长速度,增加经济效益。 相似文献
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T T Stumpf M W Wolfe P L Wolfe M L Day R J Kittok J E Kinder 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(10):3133-3137
Our hypothesis was that cows with greater body condition at parturition would respond to the presence of bulls (biostimulation) by having shorter periods of postpartum anestrus than cows with a lesser body condition. Multiparous cows in good body condition at the initiation of the study were either maintained on a high dietary regimen or switched to a low dietary regimen during the 90 d preceding parturition. After parturition, half of the cows from each group were placed in pastures with sterile bulls, and the remaining half were placed in pastures without bulls. This study was replicated during a 2nd yr. Blood samples were collected twice weekly and assayed for concentrations of progesterone to estimate time of onset of luteal function after parturition. There was a significant interaction (P less than .05) between body condition at parturition and presence of bulls postpartum on the duration of postpartum anestrus. Cows of lesser body condition that were in the presence of bulls after calving initiated estrous cycles 14 d earlier than cows with lesser body condition that were isolated from bulls. In cows with a greater body condition, presence of bulls after calving only shortened postpartum anestrus by 6 d. Thus, we reject our initial hypothesis. 相似文献
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本研究对11头蒙贝利亚母牛和9头蒙贝利亚公牛的生长发育进行了跟踪测定,并与同期荷斯坦母牛的生长发育、产奶性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,蒙贝利亚母牛与荷斯坦母牛初生重无显著差异;4～18月龄,蒙贝利亚母牛体重均明显高于荷斯坦母牛同期体重,差异极显著（P〈0．01）。蒙贝利亚母牛与荷斯坦母牛日增重变化规律相似,lOB龄平均日增重最大,17月龄平均日增重最小。蒙贝利亚母牛各阶段体高、体长与荷斯坦母牛无显著差异,14月龄体高可达127cm,达到配种体高。蒙贝利亚母牛头胎305d产奶量为7241kg,对照组荷斯坦母牛头胎305d产奶量为9589kg,二者差异极显著（P〈0．01）。蒙贝利亚公牛初生重较大,至24月龄体重接近荷斯坦公牛同期体重。12~24月龄,荷斯坦公牛体高、体斜长、胸围均明显高于蒙贝利亚公牛,差异板显著（P〈0．01）;蒙贝利亚公牛初生重48kg,蒙贝利亚母牛初生重42kg,二者差异显著（P〈0．05）。蒙贝利亚公牛各阶段睾丸周径均显著高于荷斯坦公牛,差异极显著（P〈0．01）。 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to evaluate postpartum resumption of ovulatory cycles among primiparous, suckled beef cows that were exposed continuously to mature bulls beginning at various intervals after calving. We sought to determine whether cumulative distributions of proportions of cows resuming ovarian cycles and interval from the start of bull exposure to resumption of ovarian cycling activity differed among cows exposed continuously (BE) or not exposed (NE) to bulls beginning on d 15, 35, or 55 after calving. Angus x Hereford cows (n = 56) were assigned randomly to one of six treatments in a 2 (exposure type) x 3 (day exposed postpartum) factorial arrangement. Blood samples were collected from each cow starting on d -1, and every third day until the end of experiment. An increase in baseline progesterone concentrations that exceeded 1.0 ng/mL in three consecutive samples was used as evidence of resumption of ovarian cycling activity. More (P < 0.05) BE cows resumed cycling activity by the end of the experiment than NE cows. Proportions of cows resuming cycling activity did not differ (P = 0.30) among cows exposed to bulls on d 15, 35, or 55 postpartum. Proportions of BE cows that were exposed to bulls on d 15, 35, or 55 were greater for each 10-d interval (P < 0.05) than those for NE cows during the first 40 d after exposure. More (P < 0.05) BE cows exposed to bulls on d 55 resumed cycling activity by 30 d after exposure than BE cows exposed to bulls on either d 15 or 35. Interval from calving to resumption of cycling activity was decreased (P < 0.05) by the presence of bulls. Day of exposure did not affect (P = 0.21) interval from calving to resumption of cycling activity; however, interval from day of bull exposure to resumption of cycling activity decreased (P < 0.05) linearly as day of exposure to bulls after calving increased. We conclude that exposing primiparous beef cows to bulls decreased the postpartum anovulatory interval and increased the proportion of cows that exhibit resumption of ovarian cycling activity, independent of day of bull exposure. Furthermore, cows exposed to bulls at progressively later intervals postpartum seemed to respond more rapidly to the biostimulatory effect of bulls than when they were exposed earlier in the postpartum anestrous period. 相似文献
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