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中型褐壳产蛋鸡饲粮钙适宜水平的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用 2 0周龄的商品代北京红鸡 1 5 0只 ,按完全随机设计以体重随机分为 5个处理组 ,分别喂以含钙水平为 2 .5 %、3.0 %、3.5 %、4.0 %和 4.5 %及非植酸磷水平均为 0 .2 5 %的玉米 豆粕型饲粮 2 0周 ,研究中型褐壳产蛋鸡在 2 0～ 40周龄产蛋阶段的饲粮钙适宜水平。饲粮钙水平对产蛋率、蛋重、产蛋量、耗料量、饲料效率、蛋形指数、哈夫单位、蛋壳百分率和血浆钙含量无明显影响 (P >0 .1 0 ) ,而显著影响了蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋壳重、骨灰及蛋壳钙含量 (P <0 .0 5 )。随着饲粮钙水平的增加 ,蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和蛋壳重均呈曲线型增加 ,当饲粮钙水平升至 4.0 %时均增至最大。本次研究结果表明 ,蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和蛋壳重是评价中型褐壳产蛋鸡饲粮钙营养需要量的敏感指标 ;北京红中型褐壳产蛋鸡在 2 0～ 40周龄产蛋阶段的玉米 -豆粕型饲粮中钙水平以 4.0 %(实测值为 3.94%,每日钙进食量为 4.1 8g)为宜 ,比美国现行NRC( 1 994)对中型褐壳产蛋鸡饲粮钙建议需要量 ( 3.2 7%钙 ,每日钙进食量为 3.60g)的高 相似文献
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试验采用 4× 2二因子有重复设计 ,研究了饲粮中不同水平钙 (0 .5 5 %、0 .6 5 %、0 .75 %和 0 .85 % )和磷 (0 .3%和 0 .4 % )对 5～ 8周龄五龙鹅胫骨生长及体内矿物质含量的影响。结果表明 :不同钙水平对五龙鹅胫骨粗灰分、钙、磷含量影响显著 ,胫骨粗灰分及钙磷含量均以0 .6 5 %钙水平时最高 ,对胫骨的长、宽、长宽比和绝干重 ,血浆及肝脏钙磷含量以及胫骨及肝脏锌、锰、铜含量影响均不显著 ;不同磷水平对胫骨粗灰分及钙磷含量显著 ,对胫骨长、宽、长宽比和绝干重 ,血浆及肝脏钙磷含量以及胫骨及肝脏锌、锰、铜含量影响均不显著 ;钙磷互作对胫骨灰分及磷含量影响显著 ,对胫骨钙含量影响极显著 ,对胫骨长、宽、长宽比和绝干重 ,血浆及肝脏钙磷含量以及胫骨及肝脏锌、锰、铜含量影响均不显著。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2020,(4)
本试验旨在研究饲粮非植酸磷水平对产蛋高峰期临武鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响,以确定其非植酸磷需要量。试验选用遗传背景一致、产蛋率为80%的250只临武鸭,随机分成5个组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。各组分别饲喂非植酸磷水平为0.20%、0.25%、0.30%、0.35%和0.40%的饲粮,试验全期63 d。结果表明:与0.20%非植酸磷组相比,其他4组合格蛋率分别提高了1.37%(P0.05)、2.15%(P0.05)、2.05%(P0.05)和1.24%(P0.05);0.30%、0.35%和0.40%非植酸磷组的蛋壳厚度高于0.20%和0.25%非植酸磷组(P0.05);随着饲粮非植酸磷水平增加,蛋壳强度呈上升趋势(P0.05);饲粮中非植酸磷水平对血清钙含量无显著影响;0.20%和0.25%非植酸磷组血清中碱性磷酸酶活性高于0.30%、0.35%和0.40%非植酸磷组(P0.05);0.30%、0.35%和0.40%非植酸磷组血清中磷含量高于0.20%非植酸磷组(P0.05)。由此可见,日粮中适宜非植酸磷水平可以提高合格蛋率,保持机体钙、磷代谢平衡,在饲粮钙水平为3.46%条件下,30～38周龄笼养蛋鸭适宜的非植酸磷水平为0.30%～0.35%。 相似文献
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饲粮非植酸磷水平对高峰期蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质和胫骨指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲粮非植酸磷水平对高峰期蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质和胫骨指标的影响。选取即将达到产蛋高峰期的山麻鸭900只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复25只。各组非植酸磷水平分别为0.20%、0.25%、0.30%、0.35%、0.40%、0.45%,试验期11个月。结果表明:1)饲粮非植酸磷水平对蛋鸭产蛋性能和蛋品质均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮非植酸磷水平对蛋鸭的胫骨重、胫骨长度和折断力无显著影响(P0.05)。骨密度和骨矿盐含量随饲粮非植酸磷水平升高呈现先上升后降低的变化趋势,0.35%组和0.40%组的胫骨密度显著高于0.20%组和0.25%组(P0.05),当饲粮非植酸磷水平升至0.35%以上时,骨矿盐含量显著高于0.20%组(P0.05)。3)饲粮非植酸磷水平对胫骨灰分中钙和磷含量、血清中钙和磷含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,由于饲粮非植酸磷水平对产蛋性能和蛋品质无显著影响,以骨密度和骨矿盐含量作为参考指标,通过回归方程得出蛋鸭适宜的饲粮非植酸磷水平为0.33%~0.38%。在实际生产中,若只考虑生产性能,建议采用0.20%饲粮非植酸磷水平,可节约饲料成本。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究不同非植酸磷水平的饲粮对0-4周龄怀乡鸡的趾骨特性及内脏器官发育状况的影响,以此探讨0-4周龄怀乡鸡饲粮非植酸磷的适宜水平。选取同批出生、体况良好的1日龄怀乡鸡300只,随机分成5个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每重复10只鸡。各处理组分别饲喂非植酸磷含量为0.32%、0.39%、0.46%、0.53%、0.60%的玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验持续期28天。结果表明:1)饲粮非植酸磷水平对怀乡鸡的趾骨脱脂风干重、趾骨脱脂钙含量、趾骨灰分钙含量、趾骨脱脂磷含量、趾骨灰分磷含量有显著影响(P<0.05),其最佳拟合曲线分别为二次曲线(R2=80.22%)、线性折线(R^2=69.19%)、线性折线(R^2=69.78%)、线性折线(R^2=68.70%)、线性折线(R^2=69.02%),拟合结果可用于评价怀乡鸡饲粮非植酸磷的适宜水平。2)饲粮非植酸磷水平对怀乡鸡的心脏指数有显著影响(P<0.05),其线性折线(R^2=57.59%)模型的拟合结果可用于评价怀乡鸡饲粮非植酸磷的适宜水平。建议0~4周龄怀乡鸡饲粮中NPP的适宜水平在0.46%~0.50%范围,满足骨骼发育的需要量为0.46%。 相似文献
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选用800只21日龄白羽肉鸡,采用5×4二因子完全随机试验设计,随机分成20组,每组4个重复。在玉米-豆粕型日粮基础上添加5个水平钙(0.6%、0.8%、1.0%、1.2%和1.5%)和4个水平非植酸磷(0.35%、0.45%、0.55%和0.65%),研究饲料中不同钙、磷水平对4～6周龄肉鸡骨骼生长的影响。结果表明:胫骨强度、胫骨灰分及胫骨磷含量和日粮钙、磷水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),但1.5%钙、0.6%钙和0.35%非植酸磷都显著降低胫骨强度、胫骨灰分及胫骨磷含量(P<0.05)。4-6周龄肉鸡达到最大胫骨强度时的日粮钙、非植酸磷添加水平分别为1.0%和0.45%。。由回归方程得出4-6周龄肉鸡胫骨灰分含量和胫骨强度达最大时的日粮钙、非植酸磷添加水平分别为0.99%、0.55%和1.02%、0.55%。 相似文献
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为研究饲粮钙和非植酸磷水平对贵妃鸡生长性能及骨骼特性的影响,以确定0～6周龄贵妃鸡日粮中适宜钙和非植酸磷水平,试验选用1日龄贵妃鸡公鸡360羽,采用2×3因子设计,共6个处理,每个处理6个重复笼,每重复10羽鸡,其中两个钙水平分别为1.10％、1.20％,三个非植酸磷水平分别为0.45％、0.50％和0.55％,饲养试验42 d,试验末,每组选6羽鸡（每笼1羽）进行屠宰测定,取左侧胫骨样品测定胫骨重、胫骨灰分、钙磷等指标.结果表明：日粮钙和非植酸磷水平的互作效应对贵妃鸡的生长和饲料利用效率有显著的影响（P＜0.05）,在1.10％钙水平下,随日粮非植酸磷水平升高,日增重和耗料增重比先显著升高后降低（P＜0.05）;在1.20％钙水平,随日粮非植酸磷水平升高,日增重和耗料增重比趋于升高,但未显显著差异（P＞0.05）.日粮非植酸磷水平及二者的互作效应对贵妃鸡的胫骨特性有显著的影响（P＜0.05）,在1.10％钙水平下,随日粮非植酸磷水平升高,胫骨灰分和胫骨磷含量先显著升高后降低（P＜0.05）,然而,在1.20％钙水平,胫骨灰分、胫骨钙磷含量0.55％组显著高于0.45％组（P＜0.05）;试验所有组中日粮非植酸磷水平0.50％和0.55％组胫骨灰分、胫骨钙磷含量显著高于0.45％组（P＜0.05）.综合本试验结果,推荐0～6周龄贵妃鸡日粮钙和非植酸磷适宜水平分别为1.10％和0.50％. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究日粮中不同钙、磷水平对1～3周龄肉鸡骨骼生长的影响.采用5×4两因子完全随机试验设计,将800只1日龄白羽肉鸡随机分成20个处理,每个处理4个重复,每重复饲养10只鸡.日粮设5个钙水平(0.6%、0.8%、1.0%、1.2%和1.5%),4个非植酸磷水平(0.35%、0.45%、0.55%和0.65%),共构成20个处理的试验日粮.试验期为3周.结果表明:日粮钙、磷水平对肉鸡的胫骨灰分以及胫骨中钙、磷的沉积有显著影响(P<0.05),提高日粮钙、磷水平可增加胫骨灰分含量.日粮钙、磷水平显著影响了肉鸡的胫骨强度(P<0.05),随日粮钙水平的增加,胫骨强度呈先增加后降低的二次曲线变化趋势,增加日粮非植酸磷水平可显著增加胫骨强度(P<0.05),但高钙(1.5%)、低钙(0.6%)和低磷(0.35%非植酸磷)都显著降低胫骨强度(P<0.05).本试验中,1～3周龄肉鸡达到最大胫骨强度的钙、非植酸磷水平分别为1.0%和0.65%.1～3周龄肉鸡胫骨灰分,胫骨强度与日粮钙、磷水平关系模型为:Y1=13.384+22.873X1+53.237X2-7.747X12-14.505X1 X2-37.070X22,Y2=-109.462+221.270X1+349.690X2-106.061X12+5.208X1 X2-322.143X22,其中Y1为胫骨灰分,Y2为胫骨强度,X1为日粮钙水平,X2为日粮非植酸磷水平.综合本试验结果,采用岭迹分析表明,以胫骨灰分和胫骨强度为评价指标,1～3周龄肉鸡钙和非植酸磷适宜需要量分别为0.98%、0.53%和1.06%、0.55%. 相似文献
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This study examined the effects of various levels of dietary nonphytate phosphorus on laying performance and the expression patterns of phosphorus metabolism related genes in Dwarf pink-shell Jaying hens. A total of 405 28-week-old Dwarf pink-shell laying hens were fed the same corn-soybean basal meals but containing 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35% or 0.40% nonphytate phosphorus. The results showed that feed intake, egg production, and average egg weights were quadratically correlated with dietary nonphytate phosphorus content （P 〈 0.05）, and the highest egg production, feed intake and average egg weights were achieved when dietary nonphytate phosphorus was at 0.3% （P 〈 0.05）. mRNA expression of intestinal sodium phosphorus co-transporter linearly decreased when dietary nonphytate phosphorus increased, mRNA and protein expression of intestinal calbindin and vitamin D receptor correlated quadratically with dietary nonphytate phosphorus, and the highest expression was found when dietary available phosphorus was at 0.2,5% to 0.3%. In conclusion, the ideal phosphorus requirement for Dwarf pink-shell layer hens is estimated to be 0.3% in a corn-soybean diet. With this level of phosphorus supplementation, calbindin and vitamin D receptor reached their highest expression. 相似文献
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1. A 3-week feeding trial with 96 sexed d-old broiler chickens was conducted to examine the effects of microbial phytase supplementation (Natuphos 5000) at 2 dietary energy concentrations on their performance, and the utilisation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) and on tibiae ash, Ca, P and Zn concentrations. Four replicate pens (6 birds per pen) of a completely randomised design were used in a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 contents of metabolisable energy (11.72 and 12.55 MJ ME/kg) and 2 additions of phytase (0 and 500 U of microbial phytase/kg). 2. Phytase supplementation significantly improved the utilisation of N, P, Ca and Zn (as a percentage of intake) and increased the concentration of Ca and Zn in the tibiae (P<0.05) because of higher intakes of dry matter, N, P, Ca and Zn. Phytase also significantly reduced the amount of P in the excreta (P<0.05). 3. The AME content of the diet influenced significantly (P<0.05) the excretion of N, P, Ca and Zn and the concentration of P and Ca in tibiae with the birds fed on the high AME diet excreting more minerals and having a smaller percentage of these minerals in their tibiae. However, there were strong interactions between phytase addition and AME in tibia ash and P, with the phytase supplementation producing a higher ash content at the higher AME a and a lower P content at the lower AME. 相似文献
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葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶对1～3周龄肉鸡磷利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用350只1周龄的Arbor Acres(AA)商品肉公鸡进行试验,采用2×3＋1试验设计,其中葡萄糖酸钠2个水平（0.2%）,植酸酶3个水平（0.500、1000 U/kg）,另有一满足NRC钙、磷需要的正常日粮,共7个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。研究玉米-豆粕型低磷日粮中添加葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶对肉鸡磷利用的影响。试验期1～3周。结果表明,在低磷日粮中添加葡萄糖酸钠显著提高了肉鸡的钙（P=0.003）和磷（P<0.001）的表观存留率,降低了血清碱性磷酸酶活性（P=0.038）;植酸酶提高了肉鸡的胫骨灰分重量（P<0.001）、钙（P=0.005）和磷（P<0.001）的表观存留率。在胫骨灰分重量（P=0.030）和磷表观存留率（P=0.008）上,葡萄糖酸钠和植酸酶存在互作。 相似文献
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Four experiments with 270, 44, 432 and 66800 Leghorn hens were carried out to investigate the influence of various Mn additions to diets differed in mineral or Ca contents on egg shell quality. The addition of 300 mg Mn/kg diet improved significantly egg shell breaking strength by 4 N over one year. The supply of 50-500 mg Mn/kg diet for 10-24 weeks of the second half of laying year did not influence the egg shell quality. Addition of mineral mixture or Ca grit to layer rations with adequate or higher Mn levels did not influence egg shell strength. High mineral content in a low manganese diet increased number of cracks by 3%. Strength, weight and ash content of tibia were significantly reduced by feeding a low mineral level. Addition of 50-150 mg Mn per kg low mineral diet normalized partially tibia stability in young hens. It was concluded that supplied dietary Manganese influences calcification positively only in young hens. High levels of Ca did not influence the effects of Mn. 50 mg Mn per kg layers mixture have been considered as an essential supply. 相似文献
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1. Different concentrations of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5 g/kg diet) were given to broilers (8 to 42 d of age) to establish regressions between dietary NPP concentration and body weight gain and tibia ash content. Second and third experiments were conducted to study the feasibility of utilisation of different phosphatic fertilisers [ammonium phosphate (AP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), single super phosphate (SSP), NPK (17:17:17, NPK) and NP (28:28:0, NPK)] in commercial broilers (8 to 42 d) and White Leghorn layers (252 to 364 d). 2. Phosphatic fertilisers were incorporated both in broiler (10 g calcium and 4.5 g NPP/kg) and layer (35 g calcium and 3.5 g NPP/kg) diets by replacing dicalcium phosphate (DCP) in toto. 3. The logarithmic curves obtained for predicting the body weight gain and tibia ash content at different levels of NPP used in experiment 1 were Y = 156.27 + 2,468.8 logX (r2= 0.958) and Y = 530.82 + 144.26 log X (r2 = 0.916), respectively. 4. Body weight gain and food intake in broilers given APP- or NP-supplemented diets were comparable to these in the DCP-fed group. Feeding of NPK, AP or SSP resulted in significant depression in weight gain and food intake and high excreta moisture content. Food/gain, Ca and P contents in tibia ash and serum were not influenced by the use of phosphatic fertilisers as P sources in broiler diets. 5. Tibia ash content in broilers fed on diets containing fertilisers was either similar to or significantly higher than that in the DCP-fed group. Broilers on AP or SSP retained more P and had higher tibia ash content than those on DCP. AP, SSP or NPK caused degenerative and necrotic changes in liver, kidney and intestine of broilers. 6. Relative bio-availability of P from APP or NP was better for body weight gain than AP, SSP or NPK, while the reverse was true for bone calcification. 7. APP and NP gave hen-d egg production similar to that of DCP-fed layers. Food intake was significantly reduced in layers fed on diets containing fertilisers. However, food/egg mass, egg weight and serum Ca and inorganic P contents were not influenced by inclusion of fertilisers in layer diets. 8. Except for AP, inclusion of fertilisers in layer diets reduced shell weight and shell thickness compared with the DCP-fed group. However, no apparent eggshell defects were found which could be attributable to diet. 9. Results of these experiments suggest that APP and NP can be used as the sole source of P both in broiler and layer diets, replacing DCP in toto. However, when utilising these P sources in layers, due attention should be given to shell quality. Fertilisers containing high F (AP and SSP) or K (NPK) reduced performance in broilers and layers and caused microscopic changes in liver, kidney and intestine in broilers. 相似文献
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Xiaofang AN Nan ZHANG Limin ZHANG Jincheng HAN Junhu YAO Charron COTE Yajing SUN 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(6):474-481
Iron is often found to be of excessive concentrations in laying hens' diets, which may cause antagonistic interactions with other minerals. This study was conducted to investigate how to supplement Zn and Mn in the diets without Fe supplementation. In experiment 1, 420 18‐week Lohmann Brown layers were fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 30–0, 65–30 and 100–60 mg/kg of Zn and Mn, respectively. In experiment 2, 360 40‐week Lohmann Brown layers were fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 15–0, 35–0 and 55–15 mg/kg of Mn and Zn, respectively. Minerals were supplemented in the form of sulfate. Egg production was improved by supplementing 30 mg/kg Zn or 65 mg/kg Zn in combination with 30 mg/kg Mn in experiment one. In experiment two, a significant reduction of egg performance occurred with 35 mg/kg Mn supplementation. Mn and/or Zn supplementation increased eggshell thickness in experiment one, and decreased yolk cholesterol in both experiments. Mn and/or Zn supplementation increased Zn and Mn excretion in both experiments. Serum growth hormone (GH), thyroxine (T4), and insulin levels, or alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity were not affected by treatments; serum estrogen (E2) and triiodothyronine (T3) were different but there was no consistency by dietary treatments. This study demonstrates that 30 mg/kg supplemental Zn is necessary to obtain maximal egg production, and there seems to be no need to supply Mn in this type of diet. 相似文献