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1.
应用遥感技术研究森林植被变化对河川径流的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文应用遥感技术资料调查大流域不同年代的下垫面组成及其结构变化,结合流域历年实测的水文资料和对不同森林植被—土壤类型降雨截留、枯落物贮存、土壤孔隙贮水及土壤渗透性的测定,评价不同森林植被—土壤系统的涵水能力,研究森林植被覆盖率变化对河川径流的影响研究表明,河川径流总量受大气候的影响.流域森林植被的变化对河川径流的构成和年内分配有决定性作用,大流域森林的采伐和恢复对河川径流的影响是一个渐变的过程. 相似文献
2.
森林植被变化的水文生态效应研究进展 总被引：93，自引：3，他引：90
从森林植被变化对水量、径流泥沙和水质的影响等方面介绍了国内外森林植被变化水文生态效应研究进展。从世界各国的研究来看,普遍的研究结论认为森林减少可以增加流域年产水量;森林植被可以较大幅度地减少径流泥沙含量;森林植被参与生物地球化学循环,可以有效地改善溪流水质状况。由于影响森林水文生态效益的环境异质性的普遍存在,森林植被变化水文生态效应影响程度在不同水文生态区差别很大,因此,要想将一个地区森林植被水文生态效应研究结果可靠地外推到其他地区其他流域,必须重视森林水文生态过程动力学机制的研究。 相似文献
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以安藤长期径流模型为基础,结合森林流域的林冠截持降水、森林土壤蓄水、土壤的饱和及超渗地表径流等特点建立起森林流域径流模型,模拟了林冠截持、林冠和地面的蒸散、渗透和地下水的涵养、直接径流及地下径流的生成等过程。同时将此模型用于比较3个小流域的水文特征并通过两个对比小流域水文特征的比较,分析了森林采伐后因植被变化而带来的水文效应。 相似文献
4.
漓江流域森林植被景观恢复与规划研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
分析漓江流域森林植被的景观生态问题，探讨流域森林植被景观恢复的技术和途径，包括源头森林植被景观、农田森林景观和河岸森林景观可能的规划措施和方法，指出地带性植被景观的恢复是漓江流域风景区的森林恢复唯一正确选择。 相似文献
5.
平通河流域森林径流效应与水资源现状分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用森林流域水文模型（FCHM）模拟分析森林植被变化下的平通河流域森林水文过程。表明随着该流域森林覆盖率FR的提高,该流域年平均蒸散发量由无林地时候的373.3 mm降到了有林地时候的289.3 mm,因此多年平均年径流总量会随FR的增加而增加,呈流域径流正效应（23.7%）。在模拟数据的基础上,对平通河流域水资源承载力进行评价,可知该流域水资源承载力在有效承载范围之内,且还有近2亿m3的水资源量可以使用,因此有必要进行水资源高效利用规划,以促进流域经济发展。 相似文献
6.
森林植被具有保持水土,调节河川径流、局部小气候的作用,恢复植被是流域治理的主要措施。研究板桥河小流域主要植被类型生物量、生长规律,对于掌握小流域的植被现状、物质积累(生产)、经营管理、评价森林植被的经济效益具有重要意义。随着工业生产的发展和人民生活需要,对森林植被的利用日益扩大,已经进入了全株利用或全林利用,因此研究森林中包括干、枝、叶、根以及灌木和草本地被物生物量,不仅是定量地研究森林生态系统物质循环与能量交流的基础,而且是为了最经济合理地利用自然资源,满足人类对自然资源的需要。板桥河小流域的主要森林植被类型几乎为次生天然林,主要有马尾松林、阔叶林(以栎类为主)、柏木林、杉木林、以及灌木林等,研究这些类型的生长规律,评价适生情况,对经营管理是极为重要的。 相似文献
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对云南省星云湖区的森林生态环境、径流区的生态状况、生态恢复措施现状进行分析,阐述径流区生态恢复的必要性和急迫性.提出保护好现有森林植被、石漠化土地治理、恢复水土侵蚀严重地段及废弃矿山地段的植被、护岸林建设以及适度控制养殖业等星云湖径流区生态恢复措施. 相似文献
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水源涵养林水文生态效应研究进展 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
水源涵养林是具有特殊意义的防护林种,具有很好的涵养水源、保持水土、净化水质等功能。从森林植被对水量、径流泥沙和水质的影响等方面介绍了国内外水源涵养林水文生态效应的研究进展。从各国的研究成果来看,普遍认为森林覆盖率的减少可以增加流域产水量;森林植被可以减少径流泥沙含量并能有效改善溪流水质状况。 相似文献
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The litter layer on a forest floor can influence both short-term runoff and long-term water balance through modification of various hydrological processes. In this study, we have quantified the watershed-scale effects of the litter layer on runoff and evapotranspiration using a paired watershed method. The removal of the litter layer in a forested watershed with an area of 1.19 ha was conducted annually over the latter half of a 6-year experimental period. An adjacent forested watershed with an area of 1.42 ha was preserved as a control. Our results indicated that litter removal increased the 3-year runoff by 80.3 mm during the post-treatment period. Furthermore, when the peak flow range in the control watershed was 0.4–1.0 mm/h and >1.0 mm/h, peak runoff during flood events was about 1.5 and 1.4 times greater than that observed before litter layer removal, respectively. These data suggest that litter layer removal can decrease litter layer interception and, hence, increase peak flow, particularly during relatively large flood runoff events. 相似文献
14.
对乌江板桥河小流域防护林体系的水文效应进行 10年的定位监测 ,初步掌握了小流域的气候、水量分配情况 ,以及防护林体系建成对流域水文功能的影响。 10年来 ,小流域防护林体系对径流产生了明显的调节作用 ,洪峰径流量有所减少 ;林地的水量分配发生了一定的变化 ,林冠截留量和树干流有所增加 ,地表径流量减少 ;林地的地表径流系数仅为农地的5 3 3 % ;封山育林对改善次生植被的水文功能是非常有效的 相似文献
15.
Using the runoff experiment method in a large basin combined with the contrast experiment in a small watershed, and based
on the runoff and forest resources data for the past 35 years, this paper studied the serial changes of river runoff in the
Xiaoxing’an Mountains after forest harvesting. The results showed that the river flow increased in the initial ten years after
forest harvesting, but decreased gradually with the growth and crown closure of the Larix gmelini plantations. The river flow tended to be the same or even lower than the level before harvesting. The river runoff had a
close correlation with annual rainfall, the size of forest harvesting and regeneration. A significant positive correlation
was observed between the annual flow and the size of forest harvesting, which resulted in the increase of river runoff after
forest harvesting. Forest harvesting could also significantly increase the peak flood and snowmelt runoff. There was a negative
correlation between the regenerated forest area and annual flow, and thus, forest regeneration would decrease annual flow.
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Translated from Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(12): 2,259–2,262 [译自: 应用生态学报] 相似文献
16.
以辽宁冰砬山地区落叶松人工林、天然次生林综合流域森林为研究对象,采取林分、坡面径流场、集水区测流堰水文因子测定的方法,对综合小流域森林降水截留、坡面径流、区域径流输出等方面进行了研究。结果表明:辽宁冰砬山落叶松人工林和天然次生林冠层能有效的截留大气降水,其截留率分别为24.8%和16.6%;以Kostiakov方程对两种林地土壤入渗速率的模拟较好,模拟方程分别为iL=6.652t-0.179(R2=0.97)和iC=21.147t-0.162(R2=0.93);森林对大气降水的滞留时间随大气降水量和降水强度的增加而减少,但是小流域径流峰值出现的时间却是随着降水量的增加而延长,森林能够有效延缓和降低流域径流峰值出现的时间和高峰流量。 相似文献
17.
For vegetation communities with hydrological function in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the storm event distributed hydrological
model Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS)-Storm was built based on modular modeling system developed by the US Geological
Survey, and was employed to study the effects of forests on peak flows in the Xiangshuixi forest watershed in the Three Gorges
Reservoir Area. The results showed that: 1) this simulation study suggested that PRMS-Storm can meet the second level national
flood prediction standards of China for simulating storm events of small forest watersheds, and can issue flood forecasting;
2) hydrological functions of different vegetation communities were evaluated, and three simulation scenarios were arranged:
mixed conifer-broadleaf forests (scenario 1), broad-leaved forests (scenario 2), and general forests arrangement (scenario
3); 3) the well-arranged forest scenarios can reduce over 20% of surface runoff, result in an increase of over 16% in subsurface
flow, and decrease peak flow by 20.8%, 9.6%, and 18.9%, respectively. The reduction of peak flow rates was significant when
rainfall peak was higher than 0.8 mm/min, especially for short-term rainfall events. In general, we found that scenarios 1
and 3 were preferable for reducing peak flow rates and volumes in the reforestation practices in the study region, and scenario
1 was better than scenario 3, so the mixed conifer-broadleaf forests had the best hydrological function.
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Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(5): 42–51 [译自: 北京林业大学学报] 相似文献
18.
Effects of forest vegetation on runoff and sediment transport of watershed in Loess area, west China
This paper aims to study the effects of vegetation on runoff and sediment transport at the watershed scale, and to provide
a theoretical basis for afforestation in the Loess area, in the nested Caijiachuan watershed, Jixian County, Shanxi Province
of west China. Forest watersheds and farmland watersheds with similar terrain features were selected through cluster analysis
to study their runoff and sediment transport characteristics. Results showed that compared with farmland watersheds, runoff
generation time in forest watersheds was delayed remarkably, and peak flow was reduced greatly, which indicates that vegetation
played an important role in holding and absorbing rainfall. Besides, with the increase of forest coverage, the runoff amount,
runoff depth and runoff coefficient decreased during the rainy seasons. The runoff depth and runoff coefficient of farmland
watersheds in the rainy season were 5–20-fold as much as that of forest watersheds, and runoff and sediment yield of watersheds
with low forest coverage were 2.7–2.9-fold and 3–6-fold as great as those with high coverage during rainstorms, and low forest
coverage had larger variation in sediment hydrograph. For the complexity and scale dependence of the influence of forest vegetation
on runoff, forest hydrological functions based on regional scale or watershed scale were worthy of further studies.
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Translated from Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 4(3): 48–53 [译自: 中国水土保持科学] 相似文献
19.
森林枯落物对流域水文过程调节机理研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陆地生态系统关键要素对水文过程的调节机理是国际水文学及水资源等领域的研究热点和前沿问题。森林枯落物作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,是林区水文过程的重要影响因子,不仅能够延滞流域产/汇流、减缓洪水灾害,还能增强流域上游地区的水源涵养功能。因此,亟需深入研究森林枯落物对流域坡面水文过程尤其是产/汇流的调节机理。鉴于此,文中总结分析了森林枯落物自身持水特性及其对土壤入渗、蒸散发、坡面产/汇流等方面影响的国内外研究动态,指出了现有研究的基本特征,系统梳理了研究进程中尚存在的问题,并对其研究前景进行了展望,以期对森林区的枯落物水文功能及其调节机理的进一步研究提供参考。 相似文献
20.
为了提高森林水文研究过程中数据采集的精确性,应用现代测绘技术,包括水准测量、全站仪三维坐标测量、GNSS 卫星测量及测深仪的水深测量等,研究了广州南香山水库的库容变化规律,反演水库上游森林径流。研究结果表明：南香山一年内的降雨量分布出现类似双波浪形的变化,波峰出现在5月份和8月份,波谷出现在1月和10月;降雨量与库容增量存在线性关系,相关系数为0.9152;地表径流的大小主要与植被类型,土壤水分的饱和度及地形有密切关系。相比传统的测量方法,现代测绘技术更精确地反映了广州南香山地区森林水文的变化规律。 相似文献