共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
外源 GSH 对 NaCl 胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片及根系离子微域分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2.
土壤农艺调控措施对苹果和果园土壤镉污染的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以10a生红富士苹果树为试材,通过土施不同剂量的氯化镉和改良剂,研究了增施有机肥、磷钾肥以及土施生石灰等土壤农艺调控措施对苹果园镉污染的影响。结果表明:各处理的土壤有效镉含量、苹果叶片和果实镉含量均极显著低于对照。在本试验所设9个处理中,不同镉剂量处理下,以200g/kg有机肥+30g/kg生石灰+0.5g/kg磷钾肥处理和100g/kg有机肥+30g/kg生石灰+1g/kg磷钾肥处理的镉含量为低,使低、中、高3个镉剂量区土壤有效镉含量分别比对照减少36.6%,31.5%,22.9%;土壤有效镉含量比例分别比对照降低24.8%,21.4%,21.4%;叶片镉含量分别比对照减少41.6%,34.7%,17.0%;果实镉含量分别比对照减少53.9%,31.0%,28.6%。根据拟合公式推算出:当土壤镉含量低于2.95mg/kg时,200g/kg有机肥+30g/kg生石灰+0.5g/kg磷钾肥处理的果实镉含量较低;高于2.95mg/kg时,100g/kg有机肥+30g/kg生石灰+1g/kg磷钾肥处理的果实镉含量较低;两处理土壤镉调控极限值分别为7.84mg/kg和11.59mg/kg。在实验浓度范围内,土壤有效镉含量以及对苹果叶片、果实镉含量的直接通径系数和极差分析值均以生石灰为最高,有机肥次之,磷钾肥最低。生石灰对土壤有效镉含量以及对苹果叶片、果实镉含量的调控作用最强,有机肥次之,磷钾肥最小。 相似文献
3.
土壤铜、硫污染对苹果幼树生长发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为确定土壤铜、硫污染对苹果幼树生长发育的影响,以硫铁矿尾矿砂河滩垫地上栽植的苹果幼树为试材,研究土壤中的不同铜硫含量对苹果幼树生长发育的影响.结果表明:土壤中的铜含量≥46.8mg/kg,土壤有效硫含量≥368.7 mg/kg时,苹果幼树的生长发育就会受到抑制;土壤中的铜含量≥53.9mg/kg,土壤有效硫含1量≥538.0 mg/kg时,苹果幼树受毒害甚至死亡.苹果幼树各器官铜含量的分布规律为:根系>叶片>新梢>1年生技>2年生枝>主干,硫含量分布规律为:叶片>根系>新梢>1年生枝>2年生枝>主干.正常树的长、中、短枝数量分别是轻度受害树的2.02,1.37,1.04倍,是重度受害树的3.30,2.22,1.47倍,是受害死亡树的37.60,4.73,2.30倍.生长正常树的花芽数为518个,显著高于轻度受害树的,极显著高于重度受害树的.生长正常树的萌芽率为60.67%,分别是轻度受害树、重度受害树的1.43,2.22倍. 相似文献
4.
以2年生香樟幼苗为材料,采用不同浓度Na HCO_3和Na_2CO_3(1︰1)混合溶液(0、50、100、200、300 mmol/L)处理,研究香樟幼苗对Fe~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、K~+、Na~+的吸收和分配。结果表明:随盐碱胁迫程度的增加,香樟幼苗根系和茎器官中的K~+含量呈下降趋势,而叶片中的K~+含量呈逐步上升趋势,其中叶片中的K~+含量最高,其次是根系,茎器官中的K~+含量最低;香樟幼苗根系、茎、叶片中的Na~+含量呈逐步上升趋势,其中根系中的Na~+含量最高,其次是叶片,茎器官中的Na~+含量最低;香樟幼苗根系、茎、叶片中的K~+/Na~+呈逐步下降趋势,其中茎器官中的K~+/Na~+最高,其次是叶片,根系中的K~+/Na~+最低。低盐碱胁迫(0~100 mmol/L)提高根、茎、叶器官中Fe~(2+)的含量,提高香樟叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素的含量;而高盐碱胁迫(100~300 mmol/L)则降低根器官中Fe~(2+)的含量,增加茎、叶器官中Fe~(2+)的含量,明显降低叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素的含量,根器官中Fe~(2+)的含量最高,其次是茎器官,叶器官中Fe~(2+)的含量最低。盐碱胁迫对香樟幼苗根、茎、叶器官中Mg~(2+)的含量影响差异不显著。盐碱胁迫初期,香樟幼苗通过将Na~+截留在根部,促进根器官对K~+、Fe~(2+)等营养元素的吸收和转运,提高自身对低盐碱胁迫(0~100 mmol/L)的耐受性;高盐碱胁迫(100~300 mmol/L)严重影响香樟幼苗对K~+、Fe~(2+)等营养元素的吸收和转运,影响香樟正常生长发育。 相似文献
5.
外源一氧化氮对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗光合作用和离子含量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在100.mmol/L.NaCl胁迫下,研究了外源一氧化氮供体硝普钠(SNP)处理对番茄幼苗光合作用和离子含量的影响。结果表明,外源一氧化氮能使在NaCl胁迫下的番茄幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fo和Fv/Fm显著提高,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)明显下降;番茄幼苗根系、叶片中K+、Ca2+和Mg2+含量均显著提高,Na+含量明显降低。表明外源一氧化氮可以减轻盐胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片光合功能的不利影响,缓解NaCl胁迫对番茄幼苗的抑制作用。 相似文献
6.
【目的】选择合适砧木是防治苹果重茬障碍最有前途的方法之一。本研究比较了三种苹果砧木的幼苗在重茬胁迫下的生长及根系吸收的差异,探讨重茬胁迫对K+、Ca2+吸收的影响,为筛选抗重茬砧木材料和培育抗重茬砧木品种提供理论依据。【方法】以平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)、新疆野苹果[Malus sieversii(Ledeb.)Roem.]和富平楸子[Malus prunifolia(Willd.)Borkh.]一年生实生苗为试材,取自泰安市道朗镇玄家庄20年红富士/八棱海棠老果园原树穴深0—40 cm的根际土作为试验用土,于2012年4月25日取砧木幼苗并分为两组,一组利用非损伤微创技术测定根际K+、Ca2+离子流,根系固定于平衡液中,平衡半小时后测定重茬胁迫前的根际离子流速,然后将其在重茬土提取液中浸泡半小时,测定重茬胁迫后的根际离子流速;另一组移栽至直径为25cm、深30cm的苗盆中,7 9月分别测定植株株高、径粗、叶绿素含量和光合速率;生长季结束后扫描根系结构,分别称量幼苗根系、枝条、叶片的鲜重和干重。【结果】三种砧木幼苗受到重茬胁迫后,地上部生长受到不同程度抑制。重茬胁迫前后平邑甜茶株高差异不显著,新疆野苹果和富平楸子株高胁迫后均显著降低;新疆野苹果光合速率重茬土显著低于正茬土,其它两种砧木光合速率在胁迫前后无显著差异;叶绿素含量均表现为重茬土显著低于正茬土;径粗在胁迫前后无显著差异。重茬土中新疆野苹果根系干物质积累下降明显,根/冠比增大;三种砧木的根系生长量显著增大,根系总长度分别是正茬土中根系总长度的1.45倍、2.22倍、1.71倍;三种砧木幼苗在重茬土中的根系活力均低于正茬,但胁迫前后平邑甜茶根系活力下降幅度最小。重茬胁迫后,三种砧木的根际K+离子流均由内流转变为外排,胁迫前后平邑甜茶的根际K+离子平均流速变化较小,说明对其影响小,新疆野苹果根际K+离子平均流速变化最为明显,其吸收K+能力最弱;平邑甜茶根际Ca2+流动方向在胁迫前后未发生变化,均为内流,而另外两种砧木根际Ca2+离子流均由内流转变为外排,且新疆野苹果根际Ca2+离子平均流速变化最为明显。【结论】苹果砧木在重茬胁迫下地上部生长受到显著性抑制,根系总量增大,K+、Ca2+的吸收受到不同程度的影响;重茬使抗性较差的砧木新疆野苹果的物质积累受到较严重的阻碍,根冠比显著增加,K+、Ca2+的吸收受到严重影响;较耐重茬的砧木平邑甜茶的根冠比相对稳定,K+、Ca2+的吸收受到的影响也最小;富平楸子的表现介于两者之间。 相似文献
7.
燕麦幼苗对盐胁迫和碱胁迫的生理响应差异 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
《水土保持学报》2015,(5)
为探讨‘定莜6号’燕麦对盐胁迫和碱胁迫的生理响应差异,采用砂培法研究了不同浓度(0mmol/L,50mmol/L,100mmol/L,150mmol/L和200mmol/L)NaCl和NaHCO3胁迫对幼苗生长、活性氧代谢和渗透调节物质积累的影响。结果表明:(1)随着NaCl和NaHCO3浓度增大,燕麦植株干重及叶片K+含量和K+/Na+明显下降,叶片Na+含量及O2·产生速率、H2O2和MDA含量显著提高。NaHCO3胁迫的上述指标变幅大于NaCl胁迫。(2)不同浓度NaCl和NaHCO3胁迫均引起燕麦叶片SOD、CAT、POD和APX活性提高或降低;NaHCO3胁迫与NaCl胁迫相比抗氧化酶激活或受抑的程度在不同Na+浓度下表现不同。NaHCO3胁迫的燕麦叶片ASA和GSH含量低于相同Na+浓度下的NaCl胁迫,100 mmol/L Na+浓度下GSH含量则相反。(3)50~150 mmol/L Na+浓度下,NaHCO3胁迫的燕麦叶片具有比NaCl胁迫更高的可溶性糖含量,200mmol/L Na+浓度下可溶性糖含量则相反。NaHCO3胁迫的燕麦叶片游离氨基酸含量明显高于NaCl胁迫,脯氨酸含量则相反。上述结果表明,燕麦的耐碱性低于耐盐性,这可能与碱胁迫引起Na+、K+更严重的失衡及活性氧清除系统变化和渗透调节物质积累存在差异有关。 相似文献
8.
盐胁迫下冬枣幼苗对土壤施钾的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用盆栽试验,研究了不同盐胁迫下土壤施钾(K)对冬枣幼苗生物产量、养分含量以及叶片和土壤中K+、Na+分布的影响,以期探讨K素对冬枣Na Cl胁迫的缓解作用,为黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地区冬枣合理施用K肥提供理论依据。结果表明,盐胁迫显著降低了冬枣幼苗的鲜重增加量,施用KCl可以有效缓解Na Cl对植株生长的抑制作用,在盐胁迫下可使叶片干重较未施KCl时提高21.5%~29.8%。土壤施K 0.1 g/kg可使冬枣幼苗的耐盐能力由可耐土壤含盐量2 g/kg提高至3 g/kg。适量施用外源K+可增加叶片中的N、P、K含量,改善树体营养状况,提高叶片中的K+/Na+,在一定程度上减轻盐胁迫造成的离子失衡,减轻Na Cl胁迫对冬枣的伤害作用。土壤盐分会显著影响K素在土壤中的化学行为。 相似文献
9.
10.
外源氮对NaCl胁迫下库拉索芦荟生理特性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
温室盆栽条件下,研究了外施不同浓度硝酸铵对200 mmol/L NaCl 胁迫下库拉索芦荟叶片离子含量、质膜透性、丙二醛含量及脯氨酸和可溶性糖积累的影响。结果表明,外施不同浓度NH4NO3（3.75 ~18.75 mmol/L）能够显著增加200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下植株干重,明显促进芦荟叶片脯氨酸和可溶性糖积累,提高叶片K+、Ca2+含量,抑制叶片对Na+、Cl-的吸收;同时促进K+ 和Ca2+ 向相对幼嫩叶片、Na+ 和Cl-向相对成熟叶片中的积累。外施氮显著降低盐胁迫下叶片细胞质膜透性和丙二醛含量。各项指标变化表明,外施11.25和15 mmol/L NH4NO3对盐胁迫下芦荟生理特性的调控作用较好;外源氮缓解芦荟盐害与氮促进盐胁迫下叶片离子选择吸收、增加有机渗透物质积累及维持植株体内养分平衡有关。 相似文献
11.
洛川县不同种植年限果园土壤基本性质与重金属含量评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了洛川县20 a与60 a果园土壤基本性质和土壤中的重金属含量,并对土壤环境质量进行了评价.结果表明,洛川县20 a与60 a果园土壤为壤土,CaCO3含量最大值为141.71 mg/kg,土壤TOC平均含量大于1.26%,土壤pH值在7.95～8.62之间,土壤特征基本满足苹果生长的要求,20 a与60 a果园土壤重金属含量均略大于其背景值,砷的最大平均含量值为14.4 mg/kg,铬为84.4 mg/kg,铜为31.7mg/kg,铅为24.8 mg/kg,镍为33.1 mg/kg,锌为144.5 mg/kg,但两果园土壤环境指标的单项污染指数均小于1,综合污染指数小于0.7,土壤环境质量为清洁. 相似文献
12.
灌溉对大麦/玉米带田土壤硝态氮累积和淋失的影响 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
以甘肃省河西走廊灌区为试验地点，分别在0、150、300 kg/hm2氮水平和816、1632 m3/hm2灌水量下，对3次灌水前、后大麦/玉米带田0～200 cm土壤NO-3-N含量变化和灌水后135 cm处渗漏液NO-3-N浓度进行了测定。结果表明：灌水明显影响土壤硝态氮累积量，随灌水次数增加，土壤硝态氮累积量降低，而且在高灌水条件下土壤硝态氮累积量变化比低灌水量时大。从渗漏液硝态氮浓度来看，大麦带和玉米带都是以第1次灌水最高，浓度分别为8.04～17.21和3.30～14.57 mg/L。3次灌水土壤硝态氮淋失量，玉米带以N 150 kg/hm2和灌水量1632 m3/hm2最高，平均为4.31 kg/hm2；大麦带以N 150 kg/hm2及灌水量1632 m3/hm2和N 150 kg/hm2及灌水量816 m3/hm2比较高，平均为6.82 kg/hm2。 相似文献
13.
黄土高原苹果园地深层土壤氮素含量与分布特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在黄土高原的凤翔、 白水、 长武、 西峰、 延安和静宁等6个苹果产区,测定了628龄苹果园地0300 cm土层土壤的全氮、 铵态氮和硝态氮含量,分析和比较了不同地区和不同树龄果园土壤全氮、 铵态氮和硝态氮含量及其剖面分布特征。结果表明: 1）不同地区和不同树龄果园土壤全氮含量为0.19 g/kg（延安）1.28 g/kg（白水）,土壤铵态氮含量为5.19 mg/kg（静宁）39.46 mg/kg（长武）,土壤硝态氮含量为3.97 mg/kg（延安）352.86 mg/kg（白水）,除延安点土壤明显较低外其它试点果园土壤全氮含量差异不大,各类果园土壤硝态氮含量差异较大,而铵态氮含量差异较小; 2）不同地区和不同树龄果园60 cm以上土层土壤全氮含量明显高于深层土壤,高龄果园土壤硝态氮含量明显高于低龄果园,并在100 cm以下土层出现不同程度的土壤硝态氮累积现象; 3）延安果园土壤全氮、 铵态氮和硝态氮含量均低于其它试点,需要增施氮肥以提高苹果产量,而凤翔、 白水、 长武、 静宁和西峰苹果园深层土壤硝态氮积累量较高,应维持或适当减少氮肥施用量。 相似文献
14.
喷硒时期与浓度对红富士苹果果实品质及各部位全硒和有机态硒含量的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本试验通过叶面喷施外源硒肥、原子荧光法测定样品硒含量,研究不同硒喷施浓度对果树各部位无机硒含量、硒有机化程度及果实品质的影响,筛选红富士苹果的最佳施硒方案。结果表明, 1）在花期和幼果期叶面施硒效果较为稳定,叶片和果实中硒的有机化程度高。在接近果实着色期或采收期叶面施硒,虽然果实中总硒量较高,但硒的有机化程度较低。2）相同喷施浓度下,树体各器官硒含量顺序依次为叶＞枝＞果＞根,果树地上部分配的硒占较大比例。3）叶面喷施硒可增加果实中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和Vc 含量,从而改善了果实风味,但降低了果实硬度,影响其贮藏运输品质。4）红富士苹果以在5、6、7月中旬喷施 3 次100 mg/L 亚硒酸钠效果最佳,此时叶片中总硒含量为2728.30 g/kg, FW,有机化程度达85.71%。各项果实品质指标佳,平均单果重达256.8 g。果实总硒含量为10.10 g/kg, FW,有机化程度为87.72%。 相似文献
15.
Maryam Haghighi Mohsen Kafi Atena Sheibanirad Mohammad Reza Sharifinia 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(10):1460-1471
Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) is usually planted from early autumn until late winter. Since most of the plants used for phytoremediation cannot be grown during this time, kale can be a suitable option for phytoremediation and utilized during autumn and winter in urban landscape, especially in metropolitan areas where high levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollutions exist. Kale growth in saline soil at different growth stages (germination and vegetative growth stages) was studied in this investigation. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications was used in this study. Treatments included three levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 30, and 60 mg/kg), four levels of Cd (0, 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg), and four levels of Pb (0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg). Results indicated that increase in Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil decreased fresh and dry weights of the plants. The results of the various growth stages revealed that under salinity stress, kale plants were able to absorb more Pb than Cd and effectively remediate Pb in polluted and saline lands. Cd accumulation in control treatment was 6.2% more than that in the saline treatments, whereas, Pb accumulation in the highest NaCl level, 60 mg/kg salinity treatment was 7.64% more than that of the control condition. Also, proline content of the plants was significantly increased under Cd and Pb stress. From the results of this study, it was concluded that using kale plant is recommended for phytoremediation of saline soils with 10 and 16 mg/kg Pb and Cd contents, respectively. 相似文献
16.
Excess of exchangeable sodium (Na) in salt-affected soils causes ion toxicity and decrease in nutrient uptake by plants, particularly potassium (K). A number of studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of K-fertilization on plant growth under sodic and saline-sodic conditions but the results are much diverse to process for concrete recommendations. To explore the possible reasons, it was hypothesized that Na applied as NaCl to produce salinity/sodicity in the soil may release non-exchangeable K, minimizing the effect of K-fertilization. Incubation studies were conducted for 2, 4 and 6 days in the light (sandy loam) and heavy (clay loam) textured soils producing two saline/sodic levels, i.e. 20 and 30 sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) along with control (SAR 3). Potassium fertilizer applied was calculated according to 40 (general recommendations based on soil-nutrient status), 80 and 160 kg K ha?1. Interestingly, it was observed that addition of NaCl possibly released non-exchangeable K from the soil minerals and increased the K concentration in soil solution. Total K release was more in heavy textured soil but initial release was more in light textured soil. This release may eliminate the effect of K-fertilization applied under salt stress induced by NaCl. Therefore, it is suggested that while studying Na–K interaction in salt-affected soils, NaCl should be avoided to produce salinity, and naturally occurring saline-sodic soils may be used. Soil Na–K interaction studies including ameliorating effect of K under sodic or saline-sodic conditions should be conducted carefully considering the above-stated argument. 相似文献
17.
AbstractThe utilization of prebloom tissues to predict nutrition of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the possible use of mineral analyses of the prebloom spur leaves and flowers to forecast the nutrition of ‘Idared’ apple trees in the mid-summer (based on the leaves from current-season shoots). The prebloom leaf concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, boron and manganese were positively correlated with those in the summer leaves. The significant relationships between nitrogen, calcium, boron, and manganese in the flowers and those in the mid-summer leaves were also found. However, only the relationship between boron in the prebloom spur leaves and in the summer leaves was sufficiently strong. The calculated optimal range of boron in the prebloom spur leaves was 20–25?mg kg?1. 相似文献
18.
Amir Hossein Saeidnejad Mohammad Kafi Mohammad Pessarakli 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(8):1048-1057
In order to evaluate the combined effects of salinity stress and Zinc (Zn) applications on wheat growth, an experiment was conducted with the treatments included four Zn levels (0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg of dried soil) and three levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) salinity of irrigation water (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl). Salinity caused a significant reduction in chlorophyll a and b content. The activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase (GR) was enhanced as salinity level was increased. The significant enhancement in concentration of sodium due to the salinity was alleviated by Zn addition. Potassium content was increased by Zn treatments. A substantial increase was observed in leaf Zn concentration as the applied level of Zn was increased. Overall, these results indicate some positive and negative interactions of salinity and Zn application, which could be helpful in management of the saline soil and water. 相似文献
19.
Pawel Wojcik 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1791-1802
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine response of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees to zinc (Zn) fertilization under conditions of acid coarse-textured soil with low 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl)-soluble Zn level. The experiment was carried out during 2004-2005 at a commercial orchard in Central Poland on mature ‘Jonagold’ apple trees/M.26 EMLA, planted at a spacing of 4 × 2.5 m. The trees were sprayed with Zn: (i) prebloom, at the stage of silver tip, and tight cluster at a rate of 140 and 100 g ha? 1, respectively, (ii) postbloom, at the stage of petal fall, and 2 weeks later at a rate of 80 g ha? 1 in each spray treatment, and (iii) postharvest, 4–5 weeks before the natural leaf fall at a rate of 500 g ha? 1. Other trees were supplied with Zn to soil at a rate of 3 kg ha? 1. In all the studied treatments, Zn was used as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Trees unsupplied with Zn served as the control. Tree vigor, fruit set, yield and fruit quality at harvest (mean fruit weight, firmness, color, russeting, soluble solids concentration, and acidity) were not influenced by Zn fertilization. Postharvest Zn sprays slightly damaged leaf tissues but did not cause defoliation. Soil Zn application raised Zn concentrations in flowers, and leaves 28, 56, and 84 days after petal fall. Pre- and postbloom Zn sprays increased Zn status in flowers and leaves 28 days after flowering, respectively. The obtained results indicate that Zn fertilization of ‘Jonagold’ apple trees with Zn status in mid-summer leaves and flowers of 17 mg kg? 1 and 27 mg kg? 1, respectively, is not successful in improving vigor and tree yield. 相似文献