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为明确黄淮麦区不同小麦品种（系）对小麦黄花叶病毒病的抗性水平,2016—2017年度在河南省漯河市两个重病田块对146个小麦品种(系)进行了小麦黄花叶病毒病的抗性鉴定,并对不同抗性级别小麦的株高、株成穗数、穗粒数和千粒重进行了分析。结果表明,供试材料中,检测到存麦16号、才智141和众麦7号等免疫品种（系）12个,占鉴定材料的8.2%;检测到郑麦366、周麦26、郑麦119等高抗品种（系）37个（25.3%）;中抗、中感和感病品种（系）分别有28个（19.2%）、42个（28.8%）和27个（18.5%）。小麦黄花叶病毒病对小麦株高、株成穗数、穗粒数和千粒重均有显著影响。高抗组、中抗组、中感组和感病组平均株成穗数较免疫组减少了4.01%、24.55%、33.41%和38.34%;以免疫组为基准,得到各组株高校正偏离率分别为 -0.71%、-6.16%、-8.82%和-11.72%;穗粒数校正偏离率分别为-0.66%、-13.61%、-23.33%和 -26.40%;千粒重校正偏离率分别为-3.00%、-4.79%、-7.73%和-8.83%。 相似文献
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黄淮地区小麦品种（系）抗穗发芽性的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
１９９７￣１９９８年度对黄淮地区的１４个小麦优良品种（系）进行了穗发芽抗性鉴定,结果表明,红皮品种小麦种子休眠期最长,抗穗发芽性最强,白皮品种之间种子休眠特性与抗穗发芽特性存在较大差异,其中豫麦５４、豫麦１８、矮多晚的穗发芽率均在２％以下,为抗穗发芽品种（系）,豫麦２１的穗发芽率为９２．８％,属对穗发芽敏感的品种。 相似文献
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为拓宽小麦抗赤霉病育种资源库,收集江苏省淮南和淮北麦区共69份小麦品种（系）,在大田自然发病条件下调查赤霉病的发病情况,同时测定籽粒中的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）毒素;并利用抗赤霉病基因Fhb1、Fhb2和Fhb5的功能标记或连锁标记对供试小麦品种（系）进行检测。结果表明,淮北麦区小麦品种（系）的赤霉病发病程度明显高于淮南麦区品种（系）;不同小麦品种（系）籽粒中DON毒素含量与病情指数、病穗率均呈极显著正相关;携带单个或多个抗性基因的小麦品种（系）的病情指数和籽粒DON含量大都有所降低,其中扬大617可能同时携带3个抗性基因（Fhb1+Fhb2+Fhb5）,其病穗率、病情指数及籽粒中DON含量均较低,可作为新的赤霉病抗源加以利用。 相似文献
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我国小麦黑胚病研究现状 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
人工接种及自然发病的试验结果表明,在同一年份、同一地点品种（系）间对黑胚病的抗性有差异。４级黑胚粒使粒子的发芽率、苗高、苗鲜重和根鲜重明显降低;黑胚粒千粒重与正常粒相比有增有减,且增减幅度与其病粒率高低无关;黑胚对籽粒外观和面粉质量的不利影响引起商品小麦降低。用敌力脱每公顷有效成分１００ｇ防治黑胚病,在灌浆初旗施药效果最佳。 相似文献
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小麦对黑胚病的抗性及黑胚对种质的影响 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
研究结果初步表明,在同一年份、同一地点、同一栽培条件下,１５２份小麦品种（系）自然感洒黑胚病的程度有差异,其中２份免疫,８１份抗病,６９份感病,病粒度在０－６８．８３％之间。黑胚粒与正常粒相比,９０％品种闰重增加,１０％品种千粒重降低,且千粒重增减与其病粒高低无关。同一品种０级种子和４级种子相比,发芽势、发芽率、出苗率明显降低,苗干重、根干重减轻,病苗率提高。 相似文献
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黑胚对小麦幼芽某些生理生化代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
比较研究了三个不同程度抗感黑胚病的小麦品种病粒和健粒的幼根和胚芽鞘中ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ、ＰＰＯ和ＰＡＬ活性及幼根中总酚与类黄酮含量的变化。结果表明,抗病品种豫麦２号黑胚种子的幼根和胚芽鞘中ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ活性显著升高;高感品种豫麦４０号的ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ活性变化不大。抗病品种幼根中ＰＰＯ和ＰＡＬ活性显著升高,胚芽鞘中ＰＰＯ和ＰＡＬ活性显著降低;高感品种幼根和胚芽鞘ＰＰＯ活性升高,ＰＡＬ活性下降。抗病品种总 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献