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1.
Unique processing during a period of high excitation/inhibition balance in adult-born neurons 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The adult dentate gyrus generates new granule cells (GCs) that develop over several weeks and integrate into the preexisting network. Although adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been implicated in learning and memory, the specific role of new GCs remains unclear. We examined whether immature adult-born neurons contribute to information encoding. By combining calcium imaging and electrophysiology in acute slices, we found that weak afferent activity recruits few mature GCs while activating a substantial proportion of the immature neurons. These different activation thresholds are dictated by an enhanced excitation/inhibition balance transiently expressed in immature GCs. Immature GCs exhibit low input specificity that switches with time toward a highly specific responsiveness. Therefore, activity patterns entering the dentate gyrus can undergo differential decoding by a heterogeneous population of GCs originated at different times. 相似文献
2.
[目的]探讨纳米银对原代培养海马神经细胞的影响。[方法]用吖啶橙染色观察细胞形态及染色质的变化,用Fluo3荧光染料检测细胞内游离Ca2+浓度变化,并利用ELLSA试剂盒检测Caspase-3凋亡酶活性。[结果]与正常对照组相比,经50μg/ml纳米银处理36h后,海马神经细胞的凋亡率达到最高((48.3±0.33)%),凋亡酶活性增强,并且细胞内游离的Ca2+荧光强度达到41.70±18.78。结论50μg/ml纳米银作用36 h可导致海马神经元凋亡。 相似文献
3.
镰刀菌毒素在小麦组织离体培养中的类激素活性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过使用含镰刀菌粗毒素的诱导培养基,研究了镰刀菌毒素在小麦离体组织脱分化中的作用.发现禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素在小麦组织离体培养中具有关激素活性和毒害双重作用.毒素的类激素活性因所用外植体而异,在幼穗组织中表现较为显着,最适浓度下,3个供试品种的愈伤组织产量比对照均高出1倍.同时,镰刀菌毒素还能影响被诱导愈伤组织的继代和分化性能,降低其存活率、生长势和绿苗分化频率.镰刀菌毒素的类激素活性和毒害作用在不同抗性品种的实验中显示出毒素浓度上的差异,感抗品种之间具有明显的界限. 相似文献
4.
One goal of mammalian neurobiology is to understand the generation of neuronal activity in large networks. Conceptual schemes have been based on either the properties of single cells or of individual synapses. For instance, the intrinsic oscillatory properties of individual thalamic neurons are thought to underlie thalamic spindle rhythms. This issue has been pursued with a computer model of the CA3 region of the hippocampus that is based on known cellular and synaptic properties. Over a wide range of parameters, this model generates a rhythmic activity at a frequency faster than the firing of individual cells. During each rhythmic event, a few cells fire while most other cells receive synchronous synaptic inputs. This activity resembles the hippocampal theta rhythm as well as synchronized synaptic events observed in vitro. The amplitude and frequency of this emergent rhythmic activity depend on intrinsic cellular properties and the connectivity and strength of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. 相似文献
5.
Injection of estrogens (17beta-estradiol or diethylstilbestrol) into immature chicks results in a marked (30- to 50-fold) increase in the ornithine decarboxylase activity of oviductal homogenates within a 4-hour period. Similar stimulations were obtained when estrogen was injected into hypophysectomized or castrated rats and the uterus was examined for decarboxylase activity. An elevation of decarboxylase activity was obtained in vitro when oviducts from immature chicks were incubated in the presence of estrogen. These data indicate a direct action of estrogen on oviduct tissue to promote a rapid increase in the activity of a specific enzyme and represent the first example of a completely in vitro enzyme response to estrogen. 相似文献
6.
The hippocampus is critical for spatial learning and memory. Hippocampal neurons in awake animals exhibit place field activity that encodes current location, as well as sharp-wave ripple (SWR) activity during which representations based on past experiences are often replayed. The relationship between these patterns of activity and the memory functions of the hippocampus is poorly understood. We interrupted awake SWRs in animals learning a spatial alternation task. We observed a specific learning and performance deficit that persisted throughout training. This deficit was associated with awake SWR activity, as SWR interruption left place field activity and post-experience SWR reactivation intact. These results provide a link between awake SWRs and hippocampal memory processes, which suggests that awake replay of memory-related information during SWRs supports learning and memory-guided decision-making. 相似文献
7.
Marsicano G Goodenough S Monory K Hermann H Eder M Cannich A Azad SC Cascio MG Gutiérrez SO van der Stelt M López-Rodriguez ML Casanova E Schütz G Zieglgänsberger W Di Marzo V Behl C Lutz B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5642):84-88
Abnormally high spiking activity can damage neurons. Signaling systems to protect neurons from the consequences of abnormal discharge activity have been postulated. We generated conditional mutant mice that lack expression of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 in principal forebrain neurons but not in adjacent inhibitory interneurons. In mutant mice,the excitotoxin kainic acid (KA) induced excessive seizures in vivo. The threshold to KA-induced neuronal excitation in vitro was severely reduced in hippocampal pyramidal neurons of mutants. KA administration rapidly raised hippocampal levels of anandamide and induced protective mechanisms in wild-type principal hippocampal neurons. These protective mechanisms could not be triggered in mutant mice. The endogenous cannabinoid system thus provides on-demand protection against acute excitotoxicity in central nervous system neurons. 相似文献
8.
Spatial selectivity of rat hippocampal neurons: dependence on preparedness for movement 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The mammalian hippocampal formation appears to play a major role in the generation of internal representations of spatial relationships. In rats, this role is reflected in the spatially selective discharge of hippocampal pyramidal cells. The principal metric for coding spatial relationships might be the organism's own movements in space, that is, the spatial relationship between two locations is coded in terms of the movements executed in getting from one to the other. Thus, information from the motor programming systems (or "motor set") may contribute to coding of spatial location by hippocampal neurons. Spatially selective discharge of hippocampal neurons was abolished under conditions of restraint in which the animal had learned that locomotion was impossible. Therefore, hippocampal neuronal activity may reflect the association of movements with their spatial consequences. 相似文献
9.
Abstract. Mice were injected in the temporal region of the brain with cycloheximide or puromycin; both agents markedly inhibit protein synthesis in the brain. Recordings of electrical activity were made in the hippocampal region 5 hours after injection of these drugs. The amplitude and frequency observed in records from mice injected with cycloheximide were indistinguishable from those injected with saline alone. Records from puromycin-injected mice were strikingly abnormal. This finding may contribute to the differences in behavioral effects of intracerebral injections of the two inhibitors of protein synthesis studied. 相似文献
10.
本试验采用在田间条件下栽培的6个不同基因型的未熟胚培再生植株后代(IE_2),分析其主要农艺性状的表现。结果表明,在成熟期、株高、产量性状以及抗病性方面均表现明显变异。但基因型间反应不同。同一基因型的株系间或同一株系内仍存在分离。IE_2代所观察到的表型变异在以后世代中的遗传稳定性和选择利用尚待进一步研究。 相似文献
11.
Plasticity of hippocampal circuitry in Alzheimer's disease 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
J W Geddes D T Monaghan C W Cotman I T Lott R C Kim H C Chui 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,230(4730):1179-1181
Two markers of neuronal plasticity were used to compare the response of the human central nervous system to neuronal loss resulting from Alzheimer's disease with the response of rats to a similar neuronal loss induced by lesions. In rats that had received lesions of the entorhinal cortex, axon sprouting of commissural and associational fibers into the denervated molecular layer of the dentate gyrus was paralleled by a spread in the distribution of tritiated kainic acid-binding sites. A similar expansion of kainic acid receptor distribution was observed in hippocampal samples obtained postmortem from patients with Alzheimer's disease. An enhancement of acetylcholinesterase activity in the dentate gyrus molecular layer, indicative of septal afferent sprouting, was also observed in those patients with a minimal loss of cholinergic neurons. These results are evidence that the central nervous system is capable of a plastic response in Alzheimer's disease. Adaptive growth responses occur along with the degenerative events. 相似文献
12.
目的 探讨滋肾活血方对血管性痴呆（vascular dementia,VD）大鼠行为学和海马病理形态学的影响。方法 采用改良的双侧颈总动脉结扎法（2-VO法）制作VD大鼠模型,滋肾活血方干预。给药4周后,用水迷宫检测行为学;HE染色观察海马病理形态学的改变。结果 与模型组相比滋肾活血组逃避潜伏期缩短（P<0.05）,跨越平台次数增多（P<0.05）,HE染色示海马损伤明显减轻。结论 滋肾活血方可以改善VD大鼠的学习记忆能力,减轻海马组织损伤,对VD大鼠有一定的治疗作用。 相似文献
13.
以鲫鱼Carassius cuvieri未成熟的卵细胞为材料,研究了玻璃化冻存对鲫鱼卵细胞的存活率及琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性的影响。结果表明:鲫鱼卵细胞存活率在1~6 d下降明显,6~8 d下降趋势减弱,保持相对稳定;琥珀酸脱氢酶活性呈显著下降(P<0.05)。玻璃化冻存液VSd组的冻存效果最好,其组分为180.0 g·L-1 1,2-丙二醇,110.0 g·L-1甲醇,0.1 mol·L-1 海藻糖和40.0 g·L-1 聚乙二醇。该玻璃化冻存液配方及方法在一定时间内保存鲫鱼未成熟卵细胞具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
14.
综合比较了6个品种和4种栽培方式对春大白菜抽薹性的影响,试验结果表明:不同品种之间的抽薹性存在着较大的差异,强春、良庆的耐抽薹性最强,未熟抽薹率都为0;对照品种丰抗80的耐抽薹性最差,未熟抽薹率最高,达83.33%。“春大将”综合性状表现良好,适宜温州春季栽培。在4种栽培方式中,露地直播+不盖地膜的未熟抽薹率最高,达87.46%;育苗移栽+覆盖地膜、育苗移栽+不盖地膜的无发生未熟抽薹。 相似文献
15.
F H Gage A Bj?rklund U Stenevi S B Dunnett P A Kelly 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,225(4661):533-536
Grafts of fetal septal tissue rich in cholinergic neurons were implanted as a dissociated cell suspension into the depth of the hippocampal formation in aged rats with severe impairments in spatial learning abilities. After 2 1/2 to 3 months, the rats with grafts, but not the controls, had improved their performance in a spatial learning test. Their improvement was due, at least in part, to an increased ability to use spatial cues in the task. In all animals the grafts had produced an extensive acetylcholinesterase-positive terminal network in the surrounding host hippocampal formation. Thus, the action of cholinergic neurons in the graft onto elements in the host hippocampal circuitry may be a necessary, but perhaps not sufficient, prerequisite for the observed functional recovery. 相似文献
16.
生长素对小麦幼胚组织培养的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以川农16、川麦42和良麦2号为供试材料,探讨了三种生长素对其幼胚组织培养的影响,并在此基础上筛选出相对较好的受体材料。结果表明,三种生长素在幼胚的诱导率、胚发芽率和胚发根率上存在极显著差异。2,4,5-T和NAA在诱导小麦幼胚培养基,其胚芽、胚根发生严重;而2,4-D在诱导率、胚发芽率和胚发根率这三方面相对优于2,4,5-T和NAA,适用于小麦幼胚的组织培养,且适宜浓度范围在2.0~2.5 mg/L。基因型对小麦幼胚组织培养的诱导率没有影响,对胚发芽率有一定影响,而对胚发根率有较大影响。在三种基因型中,以川农16在诱导率、胚发芽率和胚发根率这三方面表现相对突出,可作为转化受体材料。 相似文献
17.
通过研究双酚A（BPA）的雌激素样作用,为BPA的毒理学研究提供基础资料。将50只未成年小鼠随机分为5组（溶剂对照组、雌二醇阳性对照组和30,0mg／kg、3．0mg／kg、0．3mg／kgBPA剂量组）,连续10d,每天1次腹腔注射给药并观察其阴道开口情况,于末次给药后24h处死,观察其子宫湿重、剥离重及脏器系数等指标;MTT法观察不同剂量的BPA对体外培养的MCF-7细胞增殖的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,BPA组小鼠阴道开口时间明显提前,子宫重量及其脏器系数明显增加（P〈0．05）;MCF-7经BPA染毒后增殖效应明显增加（P〈0．05）。因此认为,双酚A在本实验剂量范围内具有拟雌激素样作用。 相似文献
18.
玉米不同类型愈伤组织分化中硝态氮代谢的差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以玉米自交系齐319幼胚产生的Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型愈伤组织为材料,对其分化过程中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量及硝酸还原酶(NR)、亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)活性进行了测定,并对2种类型的愈伤组织在硝态氮代谢方面的异同进行了比较。结果表明,2种愈伤组织刚转入分化培养基时NR活性显著增强,之后逐渐下降;在分化过程中,Ⅱ型愈伤组织的NiR活性始终高于Ⅰ型;2种愈伤组织的硝酸盐含量在分化中没有明显差别;从分化第6天到第19天,Ⅱ型愈伤组织的亚硝酸盐含量一直低于Ⅰ型。分析可知,Ⅱ型愈伤组织的幼苗分化率高于Ⅰ型,与愈伤组织的硝酸盐含量关系不大,主要与亚硝酸盐含量有关,而亚硝酸盐含量的高低直接决定于NiR的活性,因此,NiR的活性对玉米愈伤组织分化具有重要的影响。 相似文献
19.
Electrical activity plays a critical role in shaping the structure and function of synaptic connections in the nervous system. In Xenopus nerve-muscle cultures, a brief burst of action potentials in the presynaptic neuron induced a persistent potentiation of neuromuscular synapses that exhibit immature synaptic functions. Induction of potentiation required an elevation of postsynaptic Ca2+ and expression of potentiation appeared to involve an increased probability of transmitter secretion from the presynaptic nerve terminal. Thus, activity-dependent persistent synaptic enhancement may reflect properties characteristic of immature synaptic connections, and bursting activity in developing spinal neurons may promote functional maturation of the neuromuscular synapse. 相似文献
20.
利用乙烯雌酚(DES)处理23日龄SD大鼠,分离卵巢颗粒细胞(GC)进行无血清培养。结果表明,FSH(50ng/m1)处理GC,可迅速激活有丝分裂原蛋白激酶(p38MAPK),FSH处理5min便可观察到磷酸化的p38MAPK;FSH处理30min,磷酸化的p38MAPK水平达到最高;向培养液中加入H89(蛋白激酶A抑制剂,10μM),则显著抑制了FSH对p38MAPK的激活作用,提示这种激活作用依赖于蛋白激酶A(PKA)。用SB203580(p38MAPK抑制剂,20μM)抑制p38MAPK激活,则进一步提高了FSH对孕酮和甾体生成快速调节蛋白(StAR)的诱导作用,同时降低了FSH对雌激素生成的促进作用(p<0.01)。RT-PCR结果显示:抑制p38MAPK活性后,FSH对StARmRNA刺激作用明显增强,但对细胞色素P450芳香化酶(P450arom)mRNA的诱导作用却减弱了(p<0.05)。激光共聚焦和蛋白印迹结果显示:在GC中,StAR蛋白主要分布在线粒体中;与对照组相比,FSH显著提高了StAR的荧光强度和蛋白水平;抑制p38MAPK活性则增强了FSH对StAR蛋白表达的诱导作用。 相似文献