共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Rao M.S.S. Bhagsari A.S. Mohamed A.I. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(3):241-251
The soyfood industry prefers some soybean [( Glycine max L. (Merr.)] cultivars over others based on chemical constituents, physical traits, and processing quality of the seed. However, soybean cultivars possessing the combination of desirable agronomic traits and biochemical characteristics that enhance the quality of soyfoods have not been identified in the U.S. Thus, this research was conducted with the objective of determining yield, seed protein, and fatty acid composition of soybean genotypes selected for tofu production. Twelve soybean genotypes were planted in plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Georgia during 1994 and 1995. Seed yield ranged from 1.6 to 3.0 metric tons/ha. The protein content varied between 314.2 and 480.7 g/kg seed. Both BARC-8 and BARC-9 had significantly higher protein content than other genotypes. These two genotypes also showed significant year by genotype interactions for some fatty acids. V71-370 had the highest oleic acid concentration and a high ratio (0.92) of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids. The concentration of linoleic and linolenic acids ranged from 406.5 to 531.0 and 37.1 to 63.0 g/kg oil, respectively. Seed yield was correlated with biomass, harvest index, and filled pods per m2. In this study, V71-370 was found to be relatively superior in oil quality with fatty acid composition desirable for human consumption. The significant variation for seed yield and biochemical characteristics observed among the few genotypes examined in this study indicates the potential for breeding high yielding soybean cultivars suitable for soyfoods. Therefore, there is a need for evaluation of soybean germplasm for agronomic traits that contribute to seed yield and biochemical characteristics including fatty acid profiles that enhance soyfood quality before initiating development of suitable cultivars for tofu. 相似文献
2.
Barminas J.T. James M.K. Abubakar U.M. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1999,53(3):193-198
The chemical composition and mineral constituents of Xylopia aethiopica, which is valued as a spice in Nigeria, were determined along with the physicochemical characteristics of the seed oil. The seeds had the following chemical compositions moisture (8.43 g/100 g), ash (5.89 g/100 g), crude lipid (9.58 g/100 g), crude protein (12.45 g/100 g) crude fiber (8.66 g/100 g) and carbohydrate (63.65 g/100 g). Calcium and potassium were the major minerals in the seed. The extracted lipid was examined for fatty acid composition. Linoleic (45.1 g/100 g) and oleic (26.5 g/100 g) acids were the predominant unsaturated fatty acids, while palmitic acid (18.0 g/100 g) was the major saturated acid. The iodine value of 97 g/100 g indicates that the seed oil is a non-drying type. 相似文献
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K. L. Ahuja Hari Singh R. K. Raheja K. S. Labana 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1987,37(1):33-40
Seeds of thirteen genotypes of cauliflower, four of turnip and seven of radish were analysed for oil content and fatty acid composition. Turnip and radish had higher oil content as compared to cauliflower. Oleic, linoleic + eicosenoic and erucic acids were the major fatty acids in the oils of these seeds. Levels of erucic acid were in the order of radish < turnip < cauliflower. Compared to cauliflower and turnip seeds, radish seeds contained higher amounts of palmitic, oleic, and linolenic + eicosenoic acids and lower amounts of linoleic and erucic acids. 相似文献
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Fatty Acids and Carotenes in Some Ber (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ziziphus jujuba Mill</Emphasis>) Varieties 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Guil-Guerrero JL Díaz Delgado A Matallana González MC Torija Isasa ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2004,59(1):23-27
Several jujube varieties from the southeast of Spain were analyzed for fatty acid and carotene contents. Triglycerides having medium-chain fatty acids were most abundant in all samples. The main fatty acids were 12:0 (18.3 ± 9.97), 10:0 (12.5 ± 19.0), 18:2n6 (9.27 ± 7.26), 16:1n7 (8.50 ± 5.77), 16:0 (7.25 ± 4.35), and 18:1n9 (5.34 ± 2.52) on total saponifiable oil. The fruits yield 1.33 ± 0.17 g/100 g saponifiable oil on a dry weight basis. Fatty acid profiles of fruits were found to be influenced by their developmental stage. Multivariable data analyses show that the samples could be grouped on the basis of their fatty acid content. Carotenes were found to be in good agreement with other fruits, varying from 4.12 to 5.98 mg/100 g on a dry weight basis. The contribution to vitamin value reach a mdium of 38 g RE/100 g on a fresh weight basis. 相似文献
7.
为探讨大豆品种品质特性与豆腐凝胶特性的关系,选用15个来自黑龙江、北京等地的食用大豆品种为试材,测定籽粒百粒重、容重、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量,并且研究相同条件下制作GDL豆腐的凝胶体积和质构特性变化,结果表明:不同大豆品种籽粒品质特性和豆腐凝胶特性均存在显著差异.相关性分析表明:豆腐凝胶体积与质构参数中的弹性、内聚性和耐咀嚼性呈极显著正相关(r分别为0.7750、0.8410和0.7932),而与硬度和胶粘性呈极显著负相关(r分别为-0.7556和-0.8196);大豆籽粒品质特性与豆腐凝胶特性间的相关性不显著,说明并不能由大豆品种粗蛋白含量、百粒重和容重等简单指标判定豆腐得率与品质.产生这种差异的化学和分子学基础,还有待进一步研究. 相似文献
8.
Isoflavone Contents in Germinated Soybean Seeds 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
Zhu D Hettiarachchy NS Horax R Chen P 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2005,60(3):147-151
The effect of germination on isoflavone contents in two soybean varieties (Hutcheson and Caviness) was investigated. Soybean
seeds were soaked at 25 ∘C for 12 h, germinated at 40 ∘C, and freeze-dried. The isoflavone contents of dry, soaked, germinated (hypocotyl length at 0.5, 2.5, and 6.5 mm), and nongerminated
seeds were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The maximum amount of total isoflavone, genistein, and daidzein
with their β-glucoside conjugates was obtained when hypocotyl length of the germinated-seed from var. Hutcheson was 0.5 mm
(2.491, 1.500, and 0.671 mg/g), and from var. Caviness was 2.5 mm (2.78, 1.523, and 0.905 mg/g). A dramatic increase in malonylgenistin
and malonyldaidzin (1.305 mg/g and 0.476 mg/g in Hutcheson, and 1.308 mg/g and 0.677 mg/g in Caviness, respectively) was observed
at these hypocotyl lengths. A decrease was observed after this stage. Genistein and daidzein contents were highest just after
soaking. Glycitein and its β-glucoside conjugates remained almost the same during germination. Controlled germination can
be used to enhance isoflavone content in soybean seed. 相似文献
9.
K. L. Ahuja S. K. Batta R. K. Raheja K. S. Labana M. L. Gupta 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1989,39(2):155-160
Seeds of sixty four genotypes ofBrassica campestris L. (Toria) were analyzed for oil content and fatty acid composition. Oil content varied from 38.9% to 44.6%. Major fatty acids viz. oleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosenoic and erucic acids exhibited ranges from 10.1% to 17.3%, 5.9% to 14.5%, 5.2% to 15.0%, 7.7% to 13.7% and 39.6% to 59.9%, respectively. Compared to the standard cultivar ITSA, four genotypes contained 5 to 8% lower content of erucic acid; and six genotypes contained significantly higher content of linoleic acid. Oil was positively correlated with erucic acid. The observed inverse relationship between linoleic and erucic acid contents might be utilized in breeding nutritionally better Toria cultivars with both high linoleic and low erucic acid contents. 相似文献
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根据Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法,建立了生产高不饱和脂肪酸大豆油脂的二次多项数学模型,并以产出大豆油脂的碘值为响应值做响应面和等高线,考察了结晶时间、结晶温度、回调时间和回调温度对不饱和脂肪酸含量的影响。通过自制的油脂结晶器,制得富含高不饱和脂肪酸的大豆油脂。得出最佳工艺参数为:降温速度5℃/h,结晶温度-15℃,结晶时间24h,搅拌速度20rpm。利用温度回调至-5℃的方法,使所得油脂产品高不饱和脂肪酸含量达到86.41%。 相似文献
12.
花生籽仁发育过程中脂肪酸积累规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以高O／L花生品种8130为材料对其籽仁发育过程中脂肪酸的累积过程进行分析。结果显示,花生籽仁中,含有8种主要的脂肪酸,按含量高低依次为油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、山嵛酸、花生酸、二十四烷酸、花生烯酸;花生籽仁发育过程中,油酸含量逐渐增多,其它脂肪酸呈逐渐降低的变化规律。饱满籽仁中亚油酸和油酸含量占全部脂肪酸的80％以上。脂肪酸总量在籽仁发育前期增加迅速,然后缓慢增长,到籽仁成熟期又迅速增加,在收获期达到峰值,油酸亚油酸比值（O／L）,随籽仁发育呈逐渐增加的变化规律,饱满籽仁达到最大。 相似文献
13.
Bhardwaj HL Hamama AA Merrick LC 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,53(1):1-13
Currently, white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is gaining importance due to its high nitrogen fixation capability and potential in sustainable crop production systems. Even though research conducted in Australia, Chile, Germany, New Zealand, and Portugal has indicated lupin's positive potential as human and animal food, such information from Virginia and adjoining areas of the United States is not available. In addition, effects of growing environment and genotypes on lupin seed composition need to be characterized to evaluate lupin's potential as a food and feed crop. Towards this end, seed of 12 lupin genotypes produced in Maine (USA) and Virginia (USA) were compared to determine genotypic and environmental effects on contents of protein, sugar, oil, various fatty acids, amino acids, and minerals. The protein content of dry seed was not affected by growing environment. However, growing environment had significant effects on contents of total sugar, amino acids, oil, fatty acids, and minerals. Significant variation existed among 12 lupin genotypes for various traits when composition of seed produced in Virginia was evaluated. The results indicated that site-specific evaluation of adapted lupin genotypes for chemical composition should be included in efforts to evaluate lupin's overall potential as a food or feed crop. 相似文献
14.
经测定,番木瓜、橄榄蜂花粉的蛋白质含量分别为２１．８３１％和１９．１９４％;总糖含量分别为２２．６６％及２２．０８％冰解氨基酸的总含量分别为２１．７０７％和２３．３０７％,游离氨基酸的总含量分别是３９４．２５７ｍｇ／１００ｇ和５６２．９４１ｍｇ／１００ｇ,两者均具８种人体必需氨基酸,总含量分别为９．１１８％和８．８５１％,比值与ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ（１９７３）提出的理想蛋白质中人体必需氨基酸的比率模式接近,氨基酸分分别为７７．７和９２．６,番木瓜的限制性氨基酸为亮氨酸和缬氨酸,橄榄的限制性氨基酸为完氨酸。不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总含量的６８．７９％和６７．７９％,多烯不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值分别为１．６９及１．４３。番木瓜、橄榄蜂花粉含１０种维生素,其中维生素Ｃ含量最高,分别达到５０．３２ｍｇ／１００ｇ和３５．４１ｍｇ／１００ｇ;番木瓜、橄榄蜂花粉除磷、钙、锌的含量普遍较高外,多数矿质元素的含量与其他果树蜂花粉相近。 相似文献
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Bochra Laribi Iness Bettaieb Karima Kouki Ali Sahli Abdelaziz Mougou Brahim Marzouk 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,30(3):372-379
The Mediterranean region suffers of drought which affects plant behaviour regarding biochemical responses. Accordingly, the effects of water deficit on growth, essential oil and fatty acid composition of caraway (Carum carvi L.) seeds were investigated. Plants were treated with different levels of water deficit: control, moderate water deficit and severe water deficit. Plant growth (height, fresh and dry matter weight) was significantly reduced by severe water deficit. This last caused also important reductions of the seed yield and yield components. Drought decreased significantly seed total fatty acid contents and particularly the petroselinic ones whose proportions decreased significantly by 12.17 and 18.47%, in comparison with the control, under moderate water deficit and severe water deficit, respectively. Besides, moderate water deficit increased the essential oil yield (expressed as g/100 g on the basis of dry matter weight). The main essential oil constituents were carvone and limonene which showed an increasing of their contents under water deficit levels. Thus, water deficit induced a significant reduction in growth parameters and fatty acid content, and an increase in the essential oil compounds. These bioactive compounds have been required in many industrial products. 相似文献
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Vashista Anjana Kawatra Asha Sehgal Salil 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2003,58(3):1-6
Five varieties of Amaranthus cruentus were planted in 3 localities at different altitudes above sea level. They were subjected to equivalent agronomic practices and harvested at 120–130 days. The seeds were removed and dried to 12% moisture. The seeds from each variety were analyzed for total fat, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linolenic acids and squalene contents. Oil content varied from 5.83 to 7.13%, palmitic acid from 17.06 to 21.35%, stearic acid from 3.05 to 3.80%, oleic acid from 20.26 to 32.01% and linoleic acid from 33.52 to 43.88%. The values for oil and fatty acid contents were similar to those found in the literature. The differences in the analytical values of the present study were not statistically significant for variety or for location.Squalene content varied from 2.26 to 5.94% of the oil. This variability is similar to that reported previously by other workers. Statistical analysis showed significant difference for localities but not for varieties. It is suggested that environmental conditions, such as temperature and water availability, may lead to a greater accumulation of squalene in the grain. 相似文献
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Emmanuel Nwokolo 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1987,37(4):283-290
Mineral, amino acid and fatty acid composition of pigeon pea meal were determined by analysis, while with chick essays, availability (true digestibility) of minerals and amino acids in the meal were estimated. Gross energy, metabolizable energy and true protein digestibility experiments were also conducted. Pigeon pea meal had a very high content of potassium, high content of potassium, high content of phosphorus, moderate content of calcium and magnesium and low content of iron, zinc, copper and manganese. Average availability of minerals was 58.09%. Amino acid content was low, especially cystine and methionine. Amino acid availability was 82.32%, lower than amino acid availability of soybean meal (>90%). Pigeon pea lipids were predominantly saturated fatty acids (69.04%) with low content of unsaturated fatty acids (30.69%) and a total absence of linolenic acid. Metabolizable energy content (N-corrected) was 11.08 MJ/kg in raw pigeon pea and 12.03 MJ/kg in toasted pigeon pea meal. 相似文献
19.
大豆豆腐产量微样品分析及其应用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选用９个百粒重不同的大豆品种和１个杂交组合为材料,分析了不同微样 和量相对于常规小样品分析的精确性,探讨了单粒微样品豆腐产量分析的适用性。结果表明,微样品用量大于或等于２粒时可用于估计品种的干豆腐产量;单粒分析说法与常规小样品分析存在系统偏差,但适当增加重复次数仍具有相对比较价值,并可用于豆腐产量的遗传分析,应用微样品１／１０浆液分析对干豆腐产量进行估计时,样品用量宜在６粒以上,微样品部分豆粉分析 相似文献
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豆乳和豆腐加工过程中营养成分利用的品种间差异 总被引：19，自引：7，他引：12
采用全国各地的２６１个大豆品种为材料,研究豆乳和豆腐加工过程中营养成分利用和损失的品种间差异,结果表明豆乳和豆腐加工过程中每１００ｇ干籽粒平均生产干豆乳７１．９２ｇ其中蛋白质,油分,糖类产量分别为３７．２０ｇ,１６．２２ｇ,１３．２５ｇ生产干豆腐５１．８０ｇ其中蛋白质,油分,糖关产量分别为２３．９４ｇ．１２．７３ｇ,１０．０３ｇ损失豆渣干物质２５．７６ｇ,其中蛋白质,油分,糖类损失率分别为１５．１ 相似文献