共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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鹿茸作为鹿科动物的一种骨质性器官，基于干细胞进行年周期性再生，独特的生物学特性使其逐渐成为生物学、医学等领域的理想模型。鹿茸的骨化与体内性激素水平变化密切相关：在鹿机体性激素水平低、肋骨骨质流失的生理环境下，鹿茸的生长速度高达2.7 cm·d-1,一边生长一边骨化；随后性激素水平上升，鹿茸便进入快速骨化期，3个月的时间可形成重达30 kg的骨质性组织。鹿茸能够在体骨骼骨质大规模流失且低水平性激素的内分泌条件下实现快速成骨的现象称之为鹿茸逆向成骨。本文从细胞分化、激素、成骨、破骨和细胞因子角度对鹿茸逆向成骨的研究现状和发生机制进行了综述，旨在探索鹿茸逆向成骨机制，为提高产茸量与动物福利健康提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医学报》2017,(11)
旨在探究PI3K/AKT信号通路在鹿茸干细胞[包括生茸区骨膜(antlerogenic periosteum,AP)与角柄骨膜(pedicle periosteum,PP)细胞]中所发挥的作用,以期为揭示哺乳动物器官发生和完全再生机制提供借鉴。本研究通过MTT分析、细胞周期检测、细胞骨架染色等方法研究了抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路后对鹿茸干细胞增殖、细胞黏附、细胞周期、细胞骨架和促血管形成作用的影响。结果发现:1)相对于PP细胞,PI3K/AKT信号通路在调控AP细胞增殖和维持细胞骨架方面具有更为重要的作用;2)AP细胞条件培养液具有明显的促血管形成作用,PP细胞条件培养液不具有明显促进血管形成的作用。试验结果初步表明:相对于鹿茸再生,PI3K/AKT信号通路在鹿茸发生过程中的调控作用更为重要。 相似文献
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Hummels are antlerless red deer stags. This abnormality has been attributed to poor feeding conditions which result in failure by the deer to grow complete pedicles. Incomplete pedicles lack the potential to develop normal antlers. The histological examinations in this study showed that the rudimentary pedicles (5 mm and 15 mm in height) grown by the two hummels respectively were developed by intramembranous ossification. This is the way that the frontal lateral crests of normal deer are formed, while, in contrast, antlers grow by endochondral ossification. The transition between the ossification types is most important, and occurs during pedicle growth. Therefore, we suggest that the antlerless condition of hummels is due to their failure to initiate true pedicle growth (which has the potential to develop into an antler) because the change from one ossification type to another does not occur. In view of the fact that both hummels were very small in terms of weight (33.7 kg and 51.8 kg, respectively) for their age, it is possible that nutritional cues are necessary for complete pedicle formation. Presumably these cues act synergistically with androgens for the development of the pedicle/antler as a secondary sexual character. It is possible that nutrition controls pedicle initiation through the IGF1 pathway. 相似文献
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鹿茸是雄性鹿科动物(除驯鹿外)特有的能够周期性再生的器官,其生长发育受到多种因素的共同调控。miRNA(microRNA)是一类在真核生物中发现的内源性的具有调控功能的非编码RNA,在基因表达调控、细胞周期、生物体发育等方面发挥着重要的调控作用。本文从miRNA的相关技术、鹿茸组织中miRNA的鉴定、miRNA对生长因子的调控作用、miRNA对鹿茸细胞增殖的作用以及miRNA对鹿茸再生调控的研究几个方面就现有miRNA对鹿茸生长发育的研究进行总结和展望,为今后鹿茸生长发育机理的诠释具有一定的意义。 相似文献
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半乳糖凝集素1蛋白及其生物学功能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
半乳糖凝集素1(Galectin-1)是一种分子质量约为14 ku的β-糖结合蛋白,是动物凝集素家族的成员之一。作为多种癌症的诊断指标,治疗癌症的新突破口,对Galectin-1的研究备受关注。此外,Galectin-1分布广泛,与多种正常生物功能相关,如细胞生长、神经修复、血管再生、软骨形成等。现阶段,关于Galectin-1在鹿茸再生中的研究很少,但鹿茸再生中许多过程与Galectin-1的功能高度相关。与肿瘤同样高速生长且高表达Galectin-1的鹿茸组织并不发生癌变,这可能对癌症的研究有所启发。为了寻找治疗癌症的新方法,解释鹿茸再生机制,了解Galectin-1蛋白在肿瘤和鹿茸中的功能研究进展至关重要,文章就其进行了综述。 相似文献
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鹿茸角是哺乳动物唯一的失去后还能完全再生的器官,人们对鹿茸角再生的分子机理了解甚少。本试验以梅花鹿为研究对象,通过原位杂交方法对Bcl-2在梅花鹿茸角中的表达进行了研究。结果显示,Bcl-2在梅花鹿茸角表皮层内表达甚微,在茸角真皮层、间充质层及软骨层等处均有表达,但在表达强度上存在一定差异。在真皮层中,Bcl-2在真皮成纤维细胞中有较强的表达,在鹿茸间充质细胞中也有少量Bcl-2的表达;在鹿茸软骨层中,Bcl-2在软骨细胞中的表达量很高,主要表达在增殖区的软骨细胞中。这表明Bcl-2可能在梅花鹿茸角再生过程中起重要的调节作用。 相似文献
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E Gaspar‐López T Landete‐Castillejos JA Estevez F Ceacero L Gallego AJ García 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(2):243-249
In this article, we aimed to describe the changes related to mating season in red deer, especially those related to antler growth, body condition score, testosterone and cortisol. Antler growth was studied in 17 Iberian red deer males, including body weight, antler length, biometric measures and testosterone and cortisol determination during 15 months. Body weight, body condition score, thoracic perimeter (TP), neck perimeter (NL) and testicular diameter (TD) showed the highest values immediately before mating season (autumn), decreased during it and remained constant at winter. Antler growth lasted 158 days and produced antlers with a final length of 80.8 ± 2.0 cm. Testosterone and cortisol showed seasonal changes with maximum values at September and May, respectively. Final antler size was related positively to cranial longitude, TP, NL, TD and body weight at casting time. No relationship between weight loss during precedent mating season and current antler size was found, but spring recovery weight was positively related to final antler size. Final length was related to the descent in testosterone values during previous mating season and to body weight before it. Spring recovery weight was related to relative weight loss during previous mating season. These results suggest that there is no relationship between the reproductive effort performed during one season and the next year size of the antler. In contrast, antler size was positively related to spring recovery weight, in the sense that those deer that recover a higher percentage of body weight at the early stages of antler growth develop higher antlers. 相似文献
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以梅花鹿为研究对象,通过原位杂交方法对细胞周期蛋白D1（cyclin D1）在梅花鹿茸角中的表达进行了研究。结果显示,cyclin D1在梅花鹿茸角表皮层内表达极少,在茸角真皮层、间充质层及软骨层等处均有表达,但在表达强度上存在差异。在真皮层中,cyclin D1在真皮成纤维细胞中有较强的表达,在鹿茸间充质细胞中也有少量cyclin D1的表达,在鹿茸软骨层中,cyclin D1在软骨细胞中的表达量非常高,主要表达在增殖区的软骨细胞中。结果表明,cyclin D1可能在梅花鹿茸角再生过程中起重要的调控作用。 相似文献
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为达到更好的锯茸止血效果,对梅花鹿锯茸时出血特点及锯茸止血药物应用效果进行了观察:收取初角茸时呈渗出状出血;收取二杠茸时呈线状出血;收取三杈茸和畸型茸时呈喷射状出血,并且有节律地进行搏动。出血量随着鹿茸的产量和茸根围度的增加而增多,但是当收取茸根围度为(20.3±0.6)cm的畸型茸时却不存在这种明显的相关关系。同一茸型不同年龄的鹿,因茸重、茸根围度的不同出血亦有差别。根据鹿茸的组织结构、生长规律和梅花鹿生理特点,选用由中药组成的外用锯茸止血药方剂,通过锯茸止血试验,结果表明,该锯茸止血药无刺激性,止血快,抗感染能力强,创面愈合良好,对再生茸产量没有明显影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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AIMS: To compare two methods of applying rubber rings to the pedicles of yearling stags to induce analgesia in the antler prior to removal. To compare the application of a rubber ring with that of a lignocaine ring block of the antler pedicle on the efficacy and time course of the analgesia produced in yearling stags. METHODS: Rubber rings were applied to the pedicles of 36 yearling stags that required velvet antler removal. The standard method, a doubled-over ring expanded and lowered down from the distal end of the antler and released midway down the pedicle, was compared with a cable-tie method on the other pedicle, where a ring was pulled around the pedicle by an electrical cable tie threaded through the ring. Brief electrical stimulation (train-of-four mode) was applied proximal and distal to the ring before, and at regular intervals for 1 hour after, application of the ring to a level that produced an auriculopalpebral reflex response. In a second experiment, each pair of antlers per yearling stag (n=36) was allocated to one of three pairs of treatments, viz no treatment (control) and the cable-tie method as described above, control and local anaesthesia (a ring block of 2 ml 2% lignocaine per cm pedicle circumference), or the cable-tie method and local anaesthesia. Electrical stimulation (tetanic mode) was applied to each antler approximately 25 mm distal to the pedicle/antler junction before, and at intervals up to 1 hour after, application of treatments at a level required to produce a head/neck avoidance behavioural response. In a third experiment, the two electrical stimulation protocols used above were directly compared by measuring the response of stags (n=8) to one protocol on each pedicle/antler prior to, and at intervals for 1 hour after, application of a rubber ring. At the end of each treatment in all three experiments, analgesia of the antler was established as a nil behavioural response of the stag to a saw cut to the antler (the ‘nick test’). RESULTS: For both methods of application of a ring the minimum electrical stimulation required distal to the ring to elicit a reflex response increased from around 16 to 55 mA by 60 minutes. In contrast, the electrical stimulation required proximal to the ring remained low (~17.0 mA) throughout. No stag subjected to either of the methods of application responded to the nick test 60 minutes after application of the ring. The electrical stimulation required to produce a behavioural response increased very rapidly in stags treated with local anaesthetic and at a slower rate in those treated with the cabletie method but showed no significant increase in control stags. After 4 and 30 minutes, for local anaesthesia and the cable-tie method, respectively, 95% of stags were not responding to 80 mA. A significantly greater proportion of stags with antlers treated with local anaesthetic and the cable-tie method did not respond to the nick test than controls, and there was no significant difference in the frequency of the response between stags with treated antlers. The minimum current required to produce a response proximal to a rubber ring was slightly higher on average for train-of-four electrical stimulus (mean 18.1 (SD 2.6) mA) than for the tetanic mode (mean 11.9 (SD 2.5) mA). The increase in minimum current required to produce the respective response to stimulation distal to the ring was similar for both methods, although the maximum predicted value (67.4 mA) was lower for train-of-four than for the tetanic mode (84.5 mA). No stag responded to the nick test =60 minutes after application of the ring. CONCLUSIONS: The cable-tie method was no different from the standard method as a procedure for producing analgesia in the antlers of yearling stags and should be accepted as an appropriate procedure for applying analgesic rings to yearling stags. The analgesia produced in the antlers of yearling stags by rubber rings applied by the cable-tie method to the pedicle was similar to that of a lignocaine ring block, but the time course for the development of analgesia was markedly different. Given that a lignocaine ring block is accepted as an adequate method of pain relief for antler removal, the application of rubber rings followed by a period of =30 minutes after application can be advocated as a viable alternative for pain relief. 相似文献
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This paper reports a case of delayed velvet shedding and bilateral premature antler casting above the coronets in a young adult red deer stag from Germany. Based on the established role of testosterone in the control of the antler cycle, the antler abnormality is considered to have been the result of a (temporary) androgen deficiency. The basal surfaces (separation planes or seals) of the cast antlers were markedly concave. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the separation plane was densely covered with Howship's lacunae, denoting intense osteoclastic activity along the border between the proximal (living) and distal (dead) antler portions. Our observations and those of previous studies indicate that antler casting does not occur at a pre-determined separation plane, but along the border between living and dead bone, regardless of the position of this border within the cranial appendages. This is a major difference to autotomy of (living) appendages at fixed breakage planes, as it occurs for instance in lizard tails. 相似文献