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1.
An experiment was performed with Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec) in which the fermentation of mixed ration of hay (12.8 g/d) and wheat bran (3.2 g/d) was compared with the fermentation of the same diet supplemented with 2.5 and 10 mg monensin. The duration of the experiment was 12 days. During the first six days the fermentation conditions in Rusitec were stabilised. The end products of fermentation and indices of protein synthesis were determined. The energy efficiency of volatile fatty acids (VFA), proportion of fermented hexose energy on VFA energy and on energy of bacterial matter were increased in the presence of monensin. The proportion of fermented hexose energy in methane energy was decreased. Utilization of glucose and production of adenosine triphosphate were not affected. The balance of metabolic H2 was reduced and this was manifested in decreasing production, utilization and recovery of metabolic H2. Microbial efficiency expressed per mol ATP (g/mol) was increased by monensin from 7.8 to 12.6. The indices of protein synthesis--protein conversion ratio, degradability of protein and microbial protein synthesis efficiency were increased and non protein utilization ratio decreased in the presence of monensin. 相似文献
2.
An experiment was conducted with rumen pouch (RUSITEC--Rumen Simulation Technique). In four fermentation vessels (V), percent proportions of hay and barley were as follows: V1--40:60, V2 - 60:40, V3--80:20 and V4--100:0. Every day 5 mg of monensin dissolved in 1 ml 96% ethanol were added to each fermentation vessel. All diets were isonitrogenous, and after an addition of urea the crude protein (CP) content made 13% in each diet. The experiment lasted 12 days: so called steady state period took the first six days when the fermentation conditions were stabilized. Monensin reduced dry matter digestibility, production of total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, n-butyric and isovaleric acids and acetate: propionate proportion, and it increased the production of propionic and n-valeric acids. The production of methane and CO2 decreased. The higher proportion of hay in diets decreased dry matter digestibility, digestibility of detergent fibre, total and individual volatile fatty acids, CO2, methane energy yield of volatile fatty acids (E), glucose utilization, production of adenosine triphosphate and production of fermented hexoses. The production, utilization and recovery of metabolic hydrogen also decreased. The effectiveness of microbial matter synthesis (YATP = 11.3) was highest during the fermentation of feed containing 60% hay and 40% barley. 相似文献
3.
An experiment was performed with Rumen Simulation Technique (Rusitec) in which the fermentation of mixed ration of hay (12.8 g/d) and wheat bran (3.2 g/d) was compared with the fermentation of the same diet in the presence of 2, 5 and 10 mg of monensin/d. The duration of the experiment was 12 days. During the first six days the fermentation conditions in Rusitec were stabilized. Monensin significantly depressed the digestibility of dry matter and fibre digestion--neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and cellulose but only after using 2 mg monensin/d. Addition of monensin depressed the production of VFAs--acetate, butyrate and isovalerate and acetate:propionate ratio. Production of propionate was increased and production of methane and CO2 was decreased in the presence of monensin. It can be explained by changes in the production of VFAs and redistribution of metabolic hydrogen. The recovery of nitrogen was satisfactory (about 100%) and its distribution in the effluent was increased by monensin. The recovery of protein (measured as alpha--NH2 groups) and distribution of protein in the effluent and residues was increased with the increasing dose of monensin. 相似文献
4.
本研究旨在探究饲粮添加海南霉素和莫能菌素对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性和氮平衡的影响.选用3头体重为(460.0±20.6)kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年荷斯坦奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮添加20 mg/d海南霉素和350 mg/d莫能菌素的试验饲粮.结果表明:饲粮添加海南霉素和莫能菌素没有显著影响瘤胃液pH和丁酸含量(P＞0.05),但显著降低了瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、乙酸含量、乙酸/丙酸和氨态氮浓度(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,海南霉素组和莫能菌素组丙酸含量分别提高了16.26％和15.79％(P ＜0.01).饲粮添加海南霉素和莫能菌素显著降低了尿囊素排出量、尿嘌呤衍生物排出量和微生物氮产量(P＜0.05).饲粮添加海南霉素和莫能菌素也降低了粪氮量和尿氮量(P＜0.05),提高了沉积氮量(P＜0.01).与对照组相比,海南霉素组和莫能菌素组的表观氮消化率分别提高了5.61％和7.05％(P =0.03).总之,与莫能菌素相似,饲粮添加海南霉素可以改变瘤胃发酵模式,使其更趋向于丙酸型发酵,并且能够提高氮利用效率. 相似文献
5.
Jalc D Szumacher-Strabel M Potkanski A Cieslak A 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(9-10):430-435
In vitro anaerobic incubations were used to determine the effect of different oils (LO-linseed, SO-sunflower, FO-fish oil) on trans fatty acid production in rumen fluid and to test if combining of monensin (MON) with the oils affects the interactions on trans fatty acid concentrations in mixed cultures of ruminal microorganisms. Two different sources of rumen fluid were used; the inoculum from the sheep fed hay and barley (80:20%)--the inoculum A and the inoculum from the sheep fed alfalfa and barley (80:20 %)--the inoculum B. The analyses showed that inoculum B contained more short chain fatty acids (SCFA), medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) than inoculum A. In contrast, inoculum A contained more unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) than inoculum B. The results show, that the oils affected the biohydrogenation of fatty acids (FA) by increasing the concentration of C18:0 (3-7 times) and trans C18:1 isomers (2-9 times). The concentration of two main intermediates of FA biohydrogenation-- cis 9, trans 11 C18:2 (CLA) and trans 11C18:1 (TVA) were increased with the oils, but FO was more efficient than other plant oils on CLA and TVA production.The monensin treatment had similar effect on FA metabolism as the oil treatment in comparison to unincubated control. The interactions of monensin treatment with the oils were characterized with decrease (LO+MON, SO+MON) or increase (FO+MON) of the proportions of C18:0 and trans C18:1 isomers in comparison to oil treatment.The highest concentrations of two main isomers--CLA,TVA were found in the samples containing fish oil and monensin. In conclusion, fish oil treatment and monensin with fish oil treatment was more efficient than other plant oils in the effect on trans fatty acid production (mainly CLA and TVA) in fermentation fluid in vitro. 相似文献
6.
Sugar beet mash silage (BMS) was offered in amounts up to 35% of DM to dairy cows as a component of a total-mixed-ration (TMR). Barley and molasses in the control ration were replaced by BMS half in ration BMS 1/2 and in total in ration BMS 1/1 on the basis of the calculated contents of net energy for lactation. Two trials were carried out. In trial I each ration was tested on parameters of rumen fermentation and digestibility of crude nutrients using 4 Holstein cows with rumen fistula. Chewing activity was tested on 2 Holstein cows for each ration. With the BMS rations the ruminal NH3 concentration was lower and the drop in pH was less than in the control ration. The pattern of volatile fatty acids in the rumen fluid from the BMS groups tended towards more propionic and butyric acid. The feeding of BMS showed no negative impact on chewing and rumination. Energy digestibility raised significantly from 59.8% in the control ration to 72.6% in the BMS 1/1 ration. In trial II the same rations were fed in a change-overdesign to a herd of 24 Holstein cows to test feed intake and animal performance. The results showed no significant effects of BMS rations on DM intake and milk production. The results of both trials indicate that even high amounts of cereals can be replaced by BMS without negative effects on rumen fermentation, milk yield and milk composition with slight drop in fat content. For a better handling of BMS, it is of advantage to include it in a TMR. 相似文献
7.
Studies on Ruminal Physiology were made with 15 growing female Merino sheep to investigate the influence of different types of rations on the fermentation of volatile fatty acids. The rations were constructed of green feed, straw and concentrates (type 1) or chemically treated straw pellets + concentrates (type 2). One ration (type 3) consisted of concentrates only. With regard to the total concentration of acids ration 3 was significantly superior to the 2 other types of rations. Moreover, ration 3 produced a specific fermentation pattern of the volatile fatty acids. This was characterized by a significant reduction in the molar proportion of acetate compared with ration 1 and 2 and a significant increase in the level of propionic and valeric acid relative to ration 1. Differences in the fermentation pattern between rations 1 and 2 were mainly limited to differences in the absolute and molar proportions of propionate where the straw pellet rations in each case produced the significant higher values. The acetate to propionate ratio was narrowed in the order of ration 1-3 (4.1 :1, 3.1:1, 2.6-2.9 :1). Statistically wellestablished negative correlations were found to exist between the concentrations of volatile fatty acids and the pH values which were established simultaneously. 相似文献
8.
Pure cultures of monensin-sensitive ruminal bacteria were involved in both the production and utilization of pyro-glutamate (pyrrolidone carboxylic acid), a novel product of glutamine fermentation, but the effect of monensin on pyro-glutamate accumulation in mixed cultures had not been assessed. Mixed ruminal bacteria (n = 3) fermented glutamine (40 mM) at a rapid rate (63 nmol/[mg protein-min]) and there was a transient increase in pyro-glutamate (3 mM). Monensin (5 ppm) decreased the rate of glutamine fermentation 70% and greatly enhanced the conversion of glutamine to pyro-glutamate (50 vs 7%). Glutamate was fermented at nearly the same rate as glutamine, and monensin eliminated glutamate fermentation. Glutamate was never converted to pyro-glutamate. Trypticase, a pancreatic digest of casein, contained pyro-glutamate, and a significant fraction (30%) of its N was never converted to ammonia. Pyro-glutamate utilization was reduced by monensin and low pH (less than 6.0). Based on these in vitro observations, pyro-glutamate could be a significant end-product of glutamine degradation when animals are fed monensin. 相似文献
9.
D L Harmon T G Nagaraja R T Brandt R W Lee T B Avery 《Journal of animal science》1987,64(4):1227-1234
Three experiments utilizing three Holstein steers (235 and 299 kg avg body weight for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively) were conducted to evaluate the effects of decoquinate, a synthetic coccidiostat, on ruminal fermentation, diet digestibility and performance of steers fed a finishing diet containing monensin and tylosin. Experiment 1 utilized a 70% forage diet, whereas Exp. 2 utilized a 20% forage diet. Each experiment was a 3 X 3 Latin-square design with treatments being 0, .5 and 5 mg decoquinate/kg body weight. Ruminal fermentation characteristics, water kinetics and blood constituents were measured on d 11 of each period, and zero-time volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was measured at 3 and 6 h post-feeding on d 12 to 14. No changes were seen in plasma glucose or L-lactate, ruminal pH, NH3-N or ruminal L-lactate for either experiment. Dry matter digestibility was depressed (P less than .05) at the .5- and 5-mg levels of decoquinate in Exp. 1, but dry matter digestibility was not affected in Exp. 2. No changes were seen in ruminal volume, outflow or total VFA concentration for either experiment. Molar proportions of VFA were not affected in Exp. 1, but the proportions of isobutyrate and butyrate decreased (P less than .05) at the 5-mg level of decoquinate in Exp. 2. Volatile fatty acid production was not changed in Exp. 1, but butyrate production was decreased (P less than .05) at the 5-mg level in Exp. 2. Experiment 3 involved 135 crossbred steers (259 kg avg initial wt), which were stratified by weight into 12 pens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
10.
Jalc D 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2002,115(11-12):453-457
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Tween 80 and monensin on rumen fermentation of the diet containing 70% wheat straw treated by white-rot fungus Pleurotus tuber-regium (TWS-PT) and 30% barley in artificial rumen (RUSITEC). The RUSITEC consisted of four fermentation vessels (V1, V2, V3, V4): V1 was without additives (control), V2 received daily 10 mg of monensin, V3 received daily 0.5% Tween 80 (vol.wt-1) and V4 involved the combination of 10 mg of monensin with 0.5% Tween 80 (vol.wt-1). After an adaptation period (6 days) the fermentation parameters were determined for six consecutive days. Tween 80 did not affect the rumen fermentation of the diet consisting 70% TWS-PT and 30% barley in RUSITEC. Monensin affected the rumen fermentation of the diet by the decreased degradability of DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose (p < 0.001), the decrease of methane production (p < 0.001) and the higher proportion of propionate within the volatile fatty acids (p < 0.001) in comparison to control. Tween 80 did not improve the potency of monensin. Only some indices of the increase mol% of propionate (about 3.4%) and the decrease of methane production (about 0.47 mmol.day-1) were found by using Tween 80 plus monensin in comparison to use of monensin alone. 相似文献
11.
[目的] 研究用不同水平葡萄籽渣替代肉牛精料补充料中部分玉米和棉粕对西门塔尔牛体外瘤胃发酵产气量、营养物质体外消化率、发酵参数及生长性能的影响。[方法] 试验采用模拟瘤胃体外培养技术,以4%、8%、12%和16%葡萄籽渣替代肉牛精料补充料中部分玉米和棉粕,测定各组日粮体外产气量、发酵参数、营养物质体外消化率及肉牛生长性能。[结果] 随着体外发酵时间的增加,累计产气量呈递增趋势,12%葡萄籽渣组产气量最大,各组之间72 h总产气量差异不显著（P >0.05）;产气后人工瘤胃培养液pH值、NH3-N浓度和菌体蛋白含量各组无显著（P >0.05）差异,试验组挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著（P <0.05）升高;16%葡萄籽渣组干物质消化率最低,对照组粗蛋白消化率显著（P <0.05）高于试验组,对照组和4%葡萄籽渣组中性洗涤纤维消化率显著（P <0.05）高于其他三组,对照组和12%葡萄籽渣组酸性洗涤纤维消化率显著（P <0.05）高于其他三组;4%和8%葡萄籽渣组肉牛平均日增重较对照组分别高170 g/d和140 g/d。[结论] 葡萄籽渣替代肉牛精料补充料中部分玉米和棉粕可以提高瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸含量,添加4%和8%葡萄籽渣可以提高肉牛日增重,促进瘤胃发酵,有利于提高肉牛生长性能。 相似文献
12.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of defaunation on the fermentation of two different diets consisting of hay (100%) and hay+barley (80% + +20%) in a rumen pouch (RUSITEC). The survival and composition of protozoa were investigated in an in vitro system in control vessels where no defaunation was carried out. Defaunation decreased the production of total volatile fatty acids (P < < 0.01), acetate, butyrate (P < 0.001)--Tab. II; dry matter digestibility (P < 0.05) and detergent fibre digestibility: acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), cellulose (P < 0.001), hemicellulose (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) in our experiment (Tab. I). These parameters also decreased: production of CH4 (P < 0.001), CO2 (P < 0.01 for the barley diet), total production of gases (P < 0.001 for the barley diet), total utilization (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) and recovery of H2 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively), NH3-N in effluent (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively)--Tab. III; and production of ATP (P < 0.01)--Tab. IV, as a result of fermentation in our experiment. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the following parameters: production of propionate (P < 0.001 for the barley diet)--Tab. II; microbial nitrogen/kg of organic matter fermented--OMF (P < 0.001), Tab. III; energy yield--E of volatile fatty acids (VFA), proportion of VFA energy with respect to fermented hexose energy--E1, proportion of energy in bacterial cells with respect to fermented hexose energy--E3 (P < 0.001) and the effectiveness of microbial proteosynthesis--YATP (P < 0.001), Tab. IV, as a result of defaunation. The total number of protozoa and the number of some species, especially the number of big entodinio-morphid protozoa, were markedly higher (p < 0.001) for the barley diet--Tab. V. The number of protozoa decreased rapidly within three days after the system initiation. Later on, the values were more or less steady. 相似文献
13.
In 2 experiments with a total of 28 breeding sows of the country species studies were made of the fermentation, production and absorption of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the large intestine after feeding variously treated straw materials in concentrate--straw meal mixtures. Experiment 1 ascertained that supplements of untreated (I), HCl treated (II) and partly hydrolysed straw meal (III, treatment with subsequent steaming) caused a decrease of the VFA concentration as well as considerable molar changes of the VFA in the caecal and colonal digesta in comparison of the sole feeding with concentrate (IV). The straw fibre integration increased the molar acetate quota at the expense decreased propionate and butyrate fermentation. Considering the straw meal variants this effects was least distinct after the feeding of partly hydrolysed straw meal (III). In experiment 2, which comprised the simultaneous ascertainment of VFA production in the feeding variants I and III and which was based on a representative number of animals per test group (n = 10), there were significant differences between the production quotas (I = 992; III = 1,300 mmol/animal.d) and in the absorption quotas of VFA (I = 63; II = 78%). The digestible energy from the VFA in the large intestine amounted to 711 kJ/d (I) and 1,183 kJ/d (III). The derived higher net energy gain from the hydrolysed straw product (III) was calculated at 590 kJ (40EFUpig/kg DM) and discussed together with results of feed value increase from the digestibility experiments. 相似文献
14.
本研究旨在分析凤仙花整株制备的固体粉剂和乙醇浸提液对瘤胃体外代谢参数和降甲烷效果的影响。采集装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的牛瘤胃液,以稻草粉、玉米粉和黄豆粉为人工饲料,通过体外瘤胃模拟培养法,研究了固体粉剂和乙醇浸提液不同添加量(0.5%,1.0%和2.5%)对甲烷和二氧化碳气体产生以及瘤胃发酵代谢参数挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)和微生物蛋白(MCP)等影响。结果表明,凤仙花固体粉剂处理在瘤胃发酵中总产气量最高,其次为乙醇浸提液,莫能菌素处理最低(P＜0.05)。凤仙花和莫能菌素处理均能降低甲烷生成,其中固体粉剂处理效果最明显,仅有微量甲烷。莫能菌素处理中二氧化碳含量最低,凤仙花所有处理显著提高二氧化碳含量。莫能菌素和凤仙花降低氨态氮(NH3-N)含量,随着凤仙花添加量增加,NH3-N降低更明显。莫能菌素处理中MCP含量最低,凤仙花所有处理都高于莫能菌素和对照,固体粉剂处理的MCP提高效果最明显。莫能菌素处理降低乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量,提高丙酸含量。凤仙花处理不同程度提高瘤胃中乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量,总挥发性脂肪酸平均比对照高12.9%和20.2%。莫能菌素和凤仙花处理都降低乙酸/丙酸。在体外培养条件下,凤仙花明显降低甲烷生成,促进NH3-N向MCP转化,改变了瘤胃代谢模式。 相似文献
15.
16.
Influence of Carotino oil on in vitro rumen fermentation,metabolism and apparent biohydrogenation of fatty acids 
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下载免费PDF全文 Kazeem Dauda Adeyemi Mahdi Ebrahimi Anjas Asmara Samsudin Abd Razak Alimon Roselina Karim Saiful Anuar Karsani Awis Qurni Sazili 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(3):270-278
The study appraised the effects of Carotino oil on in vitro rumen fermentation, gas production, metabolism and apparent biohydrogenation of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Carotino oil was added to a basal diet (50% concentrate and 50% oil palm frond) at the rate of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8% dry matter of the diet. Rumen inoculum was obtained from three fistulated Boer bucks and incubated with 200 mg of each treatment for 24 h at 39°C. Gas production, fermentation kinetics, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), metabolizable energy and free fatty acids were determined. Carotino oil did not affect (P > 0.05) gas production, metabolizable energy, pH, IVOMD, IVDMD, methane, total and individual VFAs. However, Carotino oil decreased (P < 0.05) the biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acids but enhanced (P < 0.05) the biohydrogenation of oleic acid. After 24 h incubation, the concentrations of stearic, palmitic, pentadecanoic, myristic, myristoleic and lauric acids decreased (P < 0.05) while the concentration of linolenic, linoleic, oleic and transvaccenic acids and conjugated linoleic acid (CLAc9t11) increased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of Carotino oil. Carotino oil seems to enhance the accumulation of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids without disrupting rumen fermentation. 相似文献
17.
Effects of forage ensiling and ration fermentation on total mixed ration pH,ruminal fermentation and performance of growing Holstein‐Zebu cross steers 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Watcharawit Meenongyai Virote Pattarajinda Alexander M. Stelzleni Jutarat Sethakul Monchai Duangjinda 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(9):1372-1379
Our objective was to determine the effect of forage ensiling and ration fermentation on total mixed ration pH, ruminal fermentation and animal performance. Thirty Holstein‐Zebu cross steers were allotted to feeding treatments for 188 days in a randomized complete block design including: fresh grass‐total mixed ration (GTMR; pH 4.7), grass silage‐TMR (STMR; pH 4.0) and fermented‐TMR (FTMR; pH 3.5). Average daily gain for STMR was greatest during the first 3 months period; however, that for FTMR tended to be greater than GTMR during the second 3 months period (P < 0.10). During the second period dry matter intake for STMR was the greatest (P < 0.01), but feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) and cost per gain (P < 0.01) were the least for FTMR. Protein digestibility tended (P < 0.10) to be greater for FTMR than STMR and fat digestibility was greater (P < 0.05) for GTMR and FTMR than STMR. FTMR had less (P < 0.01) ruminal NH3‐N content than STMR. Total volatile fatty acids post‐feeding was greatest for GTMR (P < 0.01). Ruminal proportions of acetic and butyric acids were greater for FTMR than GTMR (P < 0.05); in contrast, propionic acid was greater for GTMR (P < 0.05). Utilizing silage or total ration fermentation did not negatively impact on ruminal pH. STMR and FTMRs can be used to maintain performance of growing crossbred Holstein steers. 相似文献
18.
【目的】本试验旨在研究发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭生产性能、血清生化指标、免疫相关指标、抗氧化指标及肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响。【方法】利用复合菌剂（酵母菌和乳酸菌质量比1：1）发酵穿心莲粉,根据发酵前后成分变化对其微生态功能及药用价值进行分析。将450只15日龄体重250 g左右的黑羽番鸭随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮,对照Ⅱ组在基础饲粮中添加3%穿心莲粉,发酵Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1%、3%和5%的发酵穿心莲粉,预试期7 d,正试期48 d。分别于16、21、42、70日龄对番鸭称重,于70日龄从每组随机选取6只番鸭（每个重复随机取1只）屠宰,采集血液、左侧胸肌样品,测定血清生化指标、免疫相关指标及抗氧化指标、肌肉脂肪酸含量。【结果】①穿心莲粉经复合菌剂发酵后,活菌数超过2.0×108 CFU/g,粗纤维含量虽有降低但差异不显著（P>0.05）。②发酵Ⅱ组16~70日龄的料重比显著或极显著低于对照Ⅰ组和发酵Ⅲ组（P<0.05;P<0.01）。③发酵Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的屠宰率均显著高于对照Ⅰ、Ⅱ组（P<0.05）。④发酵Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和对照Ⅱ组番鸭血清的IL-2水平均极显著高于对照Ⅰ组和发酵Ⅰ组（P<0.01）。⑤发酵Ⅱ组的血清丙二醛水平极显著或显著低于对照Ⅰ组和对照Ⅱ组（P<0.01;P<0.05）。⑥发酵Ⅱ组的肌肉不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸及必需脂肪酸含量均显著或极显著高于对照Ⅰ组（P<0.05;P<0.01）。【结论】与基础饲粮组相比,3%发酵穿心莲粉可显著提高番鸭的生产性能、血清IL-2水平、肌肉不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量,减少番鸭脂质过氧化,提高机体抗氧化能力。此外,3%发酵穿心莲粉对番鸭屠宰率和抗氧化能力的影响要显著优于同比例未发酵穿心莲粉。 相似文献
19.
TMR制作粒度对肉牛增重与瘤胃微生物发酵的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究不同粒度全混合日粮(TMR)对肉牛增重和瘤胃发酵的影响,试验选取新疆褐牛(♂)与哈萨克牛(♀)杂交一代、体重为(305.6±5.6)kg的公牛70头,随机分为2组,预试期14 d,正试期44 d。日粮为不同搅拌时间的TMR,使用宾州筛进行粒度分布测定。对照组TMR搅拌时间为30 min,平均粒度为7.1 mm;试验组TMR搅拌时间为40 min,平均粒度为6.1 mm。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组第1层(>19 mm)比例下降了6.3个百分点,第2层(>8 mm)和底层(≤1.18 mm)比例下降了3个百分点(P<0.01);结合剩料粒度分析结果研究发现,虽然延长搅拌时间后没有提高TMR总采食量,但提高了肉牛对TMR中粒度大于8 mm长纤维饲料的进食量,并提高了肉牛育肥全期平均日增重(P<0.05),饲料转化效率提高了12.7%(P=0.01);对TMR及宾州筛各层样品采用体外瘤胃发酵测试结果表明,延长TMR搅拌时间对体外干物质消化率、发酵产气量与产气速率、氨氮和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)生成量无影响;但随着筛分粒度的下降,总VFA生成量升高(P=0.02),其中乙酸比例下降而丁酸比例升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,通过延长搅拌时间降低TMR粒度虽未能提高采食量,但可促进肉牛生长继而显著提高饲料转化效率,并有利于维持瘤胃微生物的正常发酵功能。 相似文献
20.
Two continuous culture fermentation experiments were used to determine ruminal microbial fermentation in the presence of monensin (Exp. 1) or lasalocid (Exp. 2) with different dietary concentrations of Mg and K. In each experiment, eight 500-ml continuous culture fermentors were supplied with late-cut coastal bermuda grass (80%) and cellulose (20%) as substrate during five trials with two levels of Mg (.07 and .14%), K (.6 and 2.5%) and either monensin (Exp. 1; 0 and 20 mg/kg) or lasalocid (Exp. 2; 0 and 20 mg/kg) in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (each trial served as a replication). Substrate was added every 8 h (5 g/fermentor) for 5 d and digesta samples were collected every 2 h for 6 h and at 20 h for volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis on d 6. In Exp. 1, monensin decreased (P less than .05) the acetate:propionate ratio (A:P) from 2.98 to 2.22. A Mg X monensin interaction was observed for the molar percentage of acetate and propionate (P less than .05). There was a 4.8% reduction in acetate (mol/100 mol) when monensin was fed with .07% Mg and a 12.6% decrease (P less than .01) when fed with .14% Mg compared with diets not containing monensin. Propionate (mol/100 mol) increased 14% when monensin was fed with .07% Mg and 32% (P less than .001) when fed with .14% Mg compared with diets not containing monensin. Potassium did not affect VFA concentrations in the presence of monensin or Mg. In Exp. 2, lasalocid decreased (P less than .01) the A:P ratio from 3.53 to 2.86.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献