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为了探究不同基质和供液频率对温室黄瓜生长的影响，以“德瑞特11”黄瓜为试材，以基质种类A1（草炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石=4∶1∶1）、A2 （细沙∶椰糠=1∶1）、A3 （细沙）、CK （园土）和供液频率P1 （一天1次）、P2 （一天2次）、P3 （一天3次）为试验变量，采用完全随机区组的方法，对黄瓜的株高、茎粗、叶面积、叶片SPAD值、果实干鲜质量、果实外观品质进行了监测分析，并基于主成分综合评价法进一步确定了适宜黄瓜生长的基质和供液频率。结果表明：A2P2处理下的株高、果实鲜质量、果实长度和直径均为最优；A2P1处理下的植株茎粗和叶面积达到最大；A2P3处理下的叶片SPAD值和果实含水率达到最高；CKP1处理下的植株株高、叶片SPAD值、果实鲜质量、果实长度均表现最差；CKP3处理下的植株茎粗和叶面积最小；同时通过主成分分析法综合分析得出A2P2处理下的综合得分最高。因此综合考虑黄瓜植株的生长指标、果实干鲜质量、叶片SPAD值、果实外观得出，供液频率为一天2次，栽培基质为细沙∶椰糠=1∶1组合下的种植模式对黄瓜的生长最为有利。 相似文献
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黄瓜在温室栽培面积中占有很大的比重,监测温室黄瓜营养状态非常重要。因此,利用光谱分析技术对叶片所含的化学成分进行测量,主要包括建模与预测两步,采用基于BP算法的人工神经网络和支持向量机进行光谱的定量分析,探索基于光谱分析的整株光谱判断温室黄瓜的营养状态。研究结果表明,基于 BP 算法的人工神经网络和支持向量机所建立的回归模型,在一定程度上提高了模型的自预测能力和实际预测能力。 相似文献
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痕量灌溉下不同水肥处理对温室黄瓜生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为保证温室蔬菜品质和产量,进一步提高节水灌溉效率,以黄瓜品种"中农26"为试材,研究了痕量灌溉下不同水肥处理对黄瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明,1痕量灌溉条件下施肥量和施肥频率对黄瓜的生长、产量和品质均有不同的影响,施肥量的提高对黄瓜干物质累积量的影响较小,但1次追肥处理较有利于黄瓜干物质累积量的增加;2施肥量对黄瓜产量的影响较大,当施肥量从施肥水平的60%提高到80%时产量平均提高了20.65%,且1次追肥处理产量最高;黄瓜品质受施肥量的影响不大,但1次追肥处理较有利于果实中还原型VC和可溶性糖的累积。按1次追肥,施肥量为当地施肥水平80%能兼顾产量和品质,是比较适宜的施肥模式,并且施肥方式简单,易于操作,可以推广应用。 相似文献
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为实现温室环境下近色系果蔬的采摘识别,提出了一种基于统计方差结合人工神经网络的光谱选择方法对黄瓜敏感波段进行分析验证,并将选定的光谱组合作为温室黄瓜识别中光谱图像获取的参考依据。结果表明,利用所摄敏感波段的图像信息可有效地解决黄瓜目标与背景的区分问题。综合比较黄瓜作物(果实、叶、花)在不同光谱域的分光反射特性差异,利用方差分解方法获取果实信息的敏感波段,在敏感区域内进行主成分分析,将前4个主成分作为网络输入、作物器官类别作为输出,建立3层BP—ANN验证模型。将160个样本数据按比例分为建模集和预测集,模型对建模集120个样本的正确判别率为100%,对预测集40个样本的正确判别率为95%。说明敏感波段的选择能较好地反映黄瓜作物不同器官间的特性差异。 相似文献
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基于时序分析法的温室温度预测模型 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
针对现有温室环境控制系统无法对下一时段温室温度进行精确预测的问题,提出采用时序分析法建立温度预测模型的方法。以圆拱型连栋薄膜温室2001年6月6日~2002年9月16日间的温度为例,首先对温度序列进行一阶年度差分处理来实现序列的平稳化;然后根据一阶年度差分序列自相关系数和偏相关系数的特点,提出采用ARMA（p,q）模型来拟合温室温度;最后根据方差估计和误差平方和最小的原则,确定了一个ARMA（4,4）模型作为夏季温室温度的1步预测模型。试验结果表明,模型预测值与实测值相比,最大绝对误差为0.8℃、最大相对误差为3.2%,平均绝对误差为0.2℃、平均相对误差为 相似文献
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番茄生长通过光合作用实现有机物累积,而光合作用和温室温度、光照强度和土壤供水量相关。为此,设计了番茄光合作用模型系统,探究了光合作用与干物质累积之间的关系。引入辐射热积Q_z表征番茄生长周期中阳光辐射和温度的累积效应,分析结果表明:当Q_z62时,干物质累积和辐射热积呈线性关系;当Q_z62时,呈M=alnQ_z-b对数形式关系。探究干物质累积去向,分析结果表明:①地表植株和根系分配干物质累积量、根系分配系数呈指数关系,且随着辐射热积的增加而降低。②叶片、茎和果实等重要部分干物质累积分配方式如下:茎分配系数呈逐步降低趋势;叶片分配系数在苗期显著增长,但到开花期后开始下降;果实分配系数在开花期开始出现,到成熟期时趋于主导地位。 相似文献
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温室黄瓜叶片近红外图像消噪算法与含氮量快速检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在温室基质栽培条件下,研究了温室黄瓜叶片近红外图像的消噪算法以及叶片氮素含量非线性预测.用普通CCD相机加滤光片采集不同生长时期水果型小黄瓜Deitastar的叶片图像,利用小波变换对黄瓜近红外图像进行小波消噪处理,再采用基于邓氏关联度的图像边缘检测法对图像进行分割,得到信噪比较好的目标图像,之后通过计算灰度值得到黄瓜叶片的植被指数.对获得的各种植被指数与黄瓜叶片氮含量之间进行相关分析后得到CNDVI与氮素含量相关系数最高达0.67,同时GNDVI、NDGI、NDVI与氮素相关性显著且相关系数均高于0.50.采用最小二乘支持向量机算法(LS-SVM)对植被指数同黄瓜叶片含氮量进行拟合,拟合模型的决定系数R2为0.825,验证R2为0.728,达到了较为理想的预测精度. 相似文献
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为明确质量分数蹴海岛素对温室番茄、黄瓜生长及增产的促进效果,进行了相关调查与试验。结果表明,劬诲岛素对番茄、黄瓜安全,施用海岛素可以增加单果质量,从而提高番茄和黄瓜产量。叶面喷施番茄和黄瓜植株的试验药剂最佳剂量分别为15mL／667m2和20mL／667mz,并于苗期、初花期、果实膨大期各喷施1次。 相似文献
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叶片湿润时间（LWD）是植物病害模型的重要输入变量之一，它与许多叶部病原菌的侵染有关，影响病原侵染和发育速率。为了准确地预测日光温室黄瓜病害的发生时间和方位，本研究于2019年3月和9月在北京两个不同类型日光温室内按照棋盘格法设置了9个采样点部署温湿光传感器和目测叶片湿润时间，每隔1 h采集一次温度、湿度、辐射和叶片湿润数据进行定量估算分析。分析结果表明：BP神经网络模型在两个温室的试验条件下获得了相似的准确度（ACC为0.90和0.92），比相对湿度经验模型估算叶片湿润时间的准确度（ACC为0.82和0.84）更高，平均绝对误差MAE分别为1.81和1.61 h，均方根误差RSME分别为2.10和1.87，决定系数R2分别为0.87和0.85；在晴天和多云天气条件下，叶片湿润时间的空间分布总体规律是南部＞中部＞北部，南面是叶片湿润平均时间（12.17 h/d）最长的区域；由东向西方向上，叶片湿润时间的空间分布总体规律是东部＞西部＞中部，中部是叶片湿润平均时间（4.83 h/d）最短的区域；雨天的叶片湿润平均时间比晴天和多云长，春季和秋季分别为17.15和17.41 h/d。这些变化和差异对温室黄瓜种群水平方向的叶片湿润时间分布具有重要影响，与大多数高湿性黄瓜病害的发生规律密切相关。本研究为预测温室黄瓜病害分布提供了有价值的参考，对控制病害流行和减少农药使用具有重要意义，提出的区域化分析温室内叶片湿润时间的方法，可以为模拟日光温室叶片湿润时间的空间分布提供参考。 相似文献
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The effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and crop load on Japanese plum were investigated. RDI applied during phase
II of fruit growth and post-harvest was compared with irrigation to match full crop evapotranspiration. Each irrigation treatment
was thinned to a commercial crop load (described as medium) and to approximately 40% less than the commercial practice (described
as low). The RDI strategy allowed for 30% water savings, increasing tree water use efficiency, with minimal effect on crop
yield and fruit growth providing that plant water stress during the fruit growth period was low (stem water potential > −1.5 MPa),
trees could recover optimum water status well before harvest, and crop load was low. However, the economic return, calculated
from fruit weight distribution by commercial categories, was more affected by RDI than yield. The combination of medium crop
load and RDI shifted fruit mass distribution towards the low value categories. This lead to similar or even higher economic
returns in the RDI treatment with low crop level than with the medium one. In addition, since both, low crop level and RDI,
increased fruit total soluble solids (TSS) concentration, fruit under RDI and low crop levels had the highest values of TSS. 相似文献
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以温室黄瓜为试验材料,采用膜下滴灌,对最适宜作物生长的温度、水分胁迫指数和干物质转化因子3个作物生长模型参数进行了率定,并以此为依据分析确定了膜下滴灌黄瓜的经济灌溉制度。结果表明:采用经济灌溉制度比实际灌水有显著的增产增收效果,产量和效益分别增加2.54t/hm~2和2.36万元/hm~2,节约灌溉水量7.59%;在经济灌溉条件下灌水前土壤含水率(0~60cm)随时间的变化幅度较作物生长期土壤含水率的变化幅度小得多,取各次灌水前土壤含水率的平均值作为作物经济灌溉的灌水下限值,对于本研究中的黄瓜,其值为0.240。按照该灌水下限值灌水,可使温室膜下滴灌黄瓜单位面积的灌溉效益最大。 相似文献
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温室番茄节水调质灌水方案评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为寻求日光温室番茄优质高效的灌溉制度,采用设置于温室番茄冠层齐平位置的水面蒸发测定装置,设计3种基于水面蒸发量的灌水间隔水平和4种灌水量水平组合处理,依据小区试验观测结果,分析确定了以番茄产量、水分利用率、单果重、可溶性固形物质量分数及果实硬度等5项指标为主的节水调质灌溉制度评价体系;在采用变异系数法确定出各指标权重的基础上,借鉴TOPSIS综合评价方法,建立了温室番茄节水、优质、高产相统一的综合评价模型,应用该模型确定基于水面蒸发量的温室番茄节水调质灌溉制度,即当累积水面蒸发量Epan达到10mm±2mm时进行灌溉,灌水量为0.9Epan,在产量不降低的情况下,提高了水分利用率,并在一定程度上提高了果实的营养品质和储运品质. 相似文献
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人工智能（Artificial Intelligence,AI）辅助种植有助于提高设施园艺作物精准化管理水平、缓解日益凸显的劳动力紧缺问题。草莓是典型的劳动密集型园艺作物,研究对比采用不同AI种植策略和关键技术对草莓温室生产的调控效果,可对园艺作物种植的AI技术改进和产业化应用提供参考。本研究对比分析了4个不同AI种植策略对草莓生长发育和产量及品质的调控效果,并以人工种植管理为参照,对AI种植的技术特点和存在问题进行了分析。结果表明,知识图谱、深度学习、视觉识别、作物模型和作物生长仿真器等技术在草莓AI种植中各有优势。其中,AI-1组采用知识图谱技术将专家经验、作物数据和环境数据进行融合,建立了标准化草莓种植知识结构和智慧种植决策方法,对作物生产发育的调控较为稳健,以较低的投入获得了最高产值。与人工种植管理相比,AI种植策略组的平均产量提高了1.66倍,平均产值提高了1.82倍,最高投入产投比提高了1.27倍。针对高产优质的目标,在配备较完善的智能化设备和控制组件的温室生产条件下,AI辅助种植能有效提高草莓种植管控的精准度,减少水肥和劳动力的投入,获得较高的收益,但也存在对人工管理扰动的模拟难、作物本体信息采集难等问题。 相似文献
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The effects of high crop load (unthinned trees, 22-23 fruits cm−2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA)), commercial crop load (3-4 fruits cm−2 of TCSA), and no crop load (all fruitlets removed) on maximum daily trunk shrinkage (MDS), trunk growth rate (TGR) and stem water potential (Ψstem) were studied during the fruit growth period and 20 days following harvest in fully irrigated early maturing peach trees, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, cv. Flordastar. Even though crop load did not affect plant water status, the MDS and TGR values increased and decreased, respectively, as a result of the crop load effect. In this sense, for the same Ψstem value, there was a linear increase in MDS with crop load, with a slope of 6.6 μm MPa−1 per unit of crop load increment. The effects of environmental conditions on daily MDS values were also dependent on crop load, suggesting that MDS reference values should be obtained by representing the relations between MDS and the climatic variables (daily mean air temperature, daily mean vapour pressure deficit and daily crop reference evapotranspiration) for a given crop load. The constancy of the relation between MDS and Ψstem across crop load underlined the constancy of the elastic properties of the bark tissues. 相似文献
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为探索源库比例和源库距离对温室番茄同化产物分配的影响规律,2016年1—12月在江苏大学Venlo型试验温室中进行试验,分为早春茬和秋冬茬,采用双杆整枝,设置了3个留果数水平(T1留3果;T2留2果;T3留1果)和2个不同源库距离(T4第1果枝留1果;T5第2果枝留1果),采用已建立的叶长与叶干质量、株高与茎干质量和果径与果干质量的数学公式来计算各器官的同化产物动态变化.结果表明:T1,T2和T3之间的同化产物产量差异不大,但均高于T4和T5,T4和T5之间差异不大.同化产物向果实的分配系数在处理后22 d T1显著大于T2和T3;处理T4同化产物向果实中分配系数在处理后16 d显著大于T5.不同处理间源库比例和源库距离均影响温室番茄同化产物分配,这为温室番茄的整枝管理提供了理论依据和技术支持. 相似文献
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Jordi Marsal G. Lopez J. del Campo M. Mata A. Arbones J. Girona 《Irrigation Science》2010,28(2):181-189
We examined, over the postharvest seasons of 2005–2007, regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) for its potential of saving water
and maintaining fruit yield and quality in ‘Summit’ sweet cherry. The postharvest irrigation treatments were: full irrigation
(Control), receiving 80% of water in Control (RDI-80%), and receiving 50% of water in Control (RDI-50%). Midday stem water
potential (Ψstem) was used for assessing plant water status. In 2006, trees produced a large crop and commercial fruit thinning had to be
applied, whereas 2007 was a low crop year. The RDI treatment, first applied in 2005, reduced fruit set in 2006 and also reduced
root winter starch concentration. In 2006, fruit set was lower in RDI-50% than in Control. But fruit thinning had still to
be done with the final yield being the same among treatments. In 2007, RDI-50% produced more fruit and higher yields than
Control. Relationship between postharvest Ψstem and crop load in the following season varied according to the year. They were negatively correlated in 2006 and positively
correlated in 2007. Fruit firmness did not vary with irrigation treatments in any of the years. Fruit soluble solid concentration
(SSC) and fruit relative dry matter (RDM) for RDI-50% was the highest in 2006 when RDI-50% trees had the lowest fruit set.
In 2007, SSC and RDM for RDI-50% were the lowest with the trees having the highest fruit set and crop load at harvest. This
study indicates that RDI-50% firstly applied in an “off” year, after crop has been harvested, can maintain fruit yield at
similar levels to fully irrigated trees while saving water by 45%. Correction of biennial bearing and partial saving of thinning
costs are additional advantages of this treatment. 相似文献
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Ana I. Martín-Vertedor Juan M. Pérez RodríguezHenar Prieto Losada Elías Fereres Castiel 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,98(6):950-958
To understand the relations between water use and yield in response to crop load, two experiments were conducted in olive (cv. Morisca), during six consecutive years (2002-2007) in an experimental orchard located in Badajoz, Southwest Spain. Experiment 1, assessed the responses during the early years of the orchard (2002-2004) using four irrigation treatments that applied fractions of the estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (125%, 100%, 75% and 0%) and three crop load levels (100%, 50% and 0% of fruit removal, termed Off, Medium and On treatments). Experiment 2 assessed the response of more mature trees (2005-2007) to three irrigation treatments (115%, 100%, and 60% of ETc) and the natural crop load which were Off, On, and Medium in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Yield was reduced by water deficits and so did the estimated tree transpiration which was linearly related to yield (y = 1.2302x − 21.15, R2 = 0.8864), showing the high sensitivity of cultivar Morisca to water deficits. The relations between fruit number and fruit weight showed that high crop loads had lower fruit weights and oil yield, a decrease that was more pronounced as water deficits increased. The yield response to water supply in the control and excess treatments, and the observations on the water relations of these two treatments suggest that the calculations made using the FAO method (Doorenbos and Pruit, 1974) with the crop coefficient proposed by Pastor et al. (1998) and the reduction coefficient (Fereres et al., 1982) to apply 100% of ETc in the control treatment, underestimated the ETc of the orchard. The results indicate that, although the absence of fruits lead to reduced water use as compared to situations of medium and high crop loads, canopy size was much more determinant of orchard water requirements than crop load. 相似文献