共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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为研究干旱区土壤盐分空间异质性，指导农业生产实践，运用大地电导率仪（EM38、EM31）对研究区域进行移动式磁感调查，获取表观电导率（ECa）。同时，通过27个校准点的采样和ECa测量，建立土壤盐分的电磁感应解译模型。干旱区土壤盐分质量分数与EM38、EM31水平模式读数（H38、H31）显示出良好的相关性（R=0.935），可以利用ECa结合GIS和地统计学知识研究土壤盐分的空间分布。采用两种方法进行研究：一种是先利用解译模型获取磁感调查点的土壤盐分质量分数，然后进行地统计分析研究其空间分布；另一种是先利用地统计分析研究H38和H31的空间分布，然后利用解译模型通过栅格运算计算盐分质量分数，精度检验显示前者预测值与实测值之间的相关性更好（R2， 0.888＞0.873）；标准差较低（std. 0.414＜0.426），具有更高的预测精度。研究结果表明，基于电磁感应研究干旱区土壤盐分空间异质性是切实可行的，这对于土壤盐渍化的快速诊断，指导农业生产和促进精准农业的发展具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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基于EM38-MK2的滨海土壤电导率精确解译模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以黄河三角洲为研究对象,通过土壤样品分层采集进行室内分析获得土壤电导率(1∶5)及采用EM38-MK2在采样点测量水平和垂直模式下土壤表观电导率,应用回归及多元逐步回归模拟分析的方法,研究土壤表观电导率与不同深度土层土壤电导率的相关性,并进行精度验证,以获得基于新型电磁感应仪的不同剖面深度处土壤电导率精确解译模型,实现区域尺度土壤盐分在不同剖面深度处空间分布格局快速评定.研究结果表明:多模式下测定的土壤表观电导率与不同土层土壤电导率呈现不同程度的显著性相关;联合多模式下土壤表观电导率解译土壤电导率的精度高于单一模式;表层土壤电导率协同土壤表观电导率可以提高亚表层及底层土壤电导率的预测精度.本研究可以为快速调查土壤盐渍化及盐渍土改良与利用提供思路,以节约成本和提高效率. 相似文献
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滩涂土壤电磁感应仪与方差四叉树法采样布局研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
将电磁感应仪EM38和方差四叉树法VQT相结合,以EM38测量的土壤表观电导率作为土壤盐分的辅助变量,以表观电导率的空间分布为先验信息,利用VQT法对苏北滩涂围垦地土壤盐分的优化采样布局进行了设计、验证与精度评价。结果表明,VQT法设计的采样方案经Kriging插值形成的空间分布图与原始图件极其相似,但两者的样点数目相差近1/2。相同的样本数目,VQT法获取的空间分布图与原始图件的相似度高于网格采样法;同样的成图精度,VQT法需要的样本数量小于网格采样法;在允许最大偏差指数为10%的条件下,VQT法采样效率比网格法提高17.3%。该方法具有可根据局部部位变异大小进行密集或稀疏采样的优势,EM38和VQT法的结合运用为滩涂区降低采样成本、提高采样效率提供了有效手段与理论依据。 相似文献
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废弃地复垦土壤重金属空间格局及其与复垦措施的关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
基于经典统计学、变异函数理论以及经验贝叶斯克里格法,以西南地区某历史遗留硫磺矿废弃地为研究对象,从点与区域两方面系统分析其复垦土壤重金属空间分布特征,揭示其与复垦措施的量化关系。结果表明,经典统计学、变异函数理论以及经验贝叶斯克里格法相结合方法用于揭示硫磺矿废弃地复垦土壤重金属空间分布格局是可行和科学的。该硫磺矿废弃地复垦土地的5种土壤重金属的变异系数均较大,这与复垦土壤无序、易变以及空间均匀性和突变性统一的特征相符合。土壤重金属富集系数均在2以上。在历史矿山开采、复垦措施和地形地貌的共同作用下,不同土壤重金属在全局空间上具有一定的相似,在南北和东西方向均基本呈现两头低和中间高的倒U字形趋势。绝大多数复垦土壤重金属的块基比在50%,复垦过程中覆土、培肥和土壤pH值调节措施等随机因素在各重金属的空间变异中占主导作用。无论是何种重金属,一区东部、二区北部、四区西部均呈现较高的重金属含量;一区和二区西部、三区北部地区含量相对较低。复垦为林地和草地的重金属平均含量均高于耕地,对于复垦为耕地后续需进一步防控重金属污染,特别是Cd元素;随着有效土层厚度的逐渐增加,土壤重金属总体呈下降趋势。有效土层厚度在30~100 cm之间土壤重金属无明显差异,建议研究区复垦覆土后有效土层厚度达到100 cm以上。随着土壤pH值变小,复垦土壤重金属总体呈上升趋势,通过调控pH值来降低土壤重金属含量需要持续保证在一定范围,建议研究区pH值持续控制在7~8。 相似文献
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应用自行研制的土壤含水量、电导率与耕作阻力车载测试系统以及EM38电导率测试仪,在特定的耕作和施肥管理制度试验田中进行大田尺度下的土壤多参数车载测量研究。在土壤参数空间分布信息基础上进行相关分析,结果表明复合传感器具备农田土壤含水量和电导率变异响应能力,进一步建立了农田土壤电导率与含水量、耕作阻力以及施肥信息之间的统计预测模型。 相似文献
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针对果园机械化土壤-秸秆分层覆盖中大幅宽、均匀薄层覆土要求,设计了与果园秸秆覆盖机配套的覆土装置,主要由取土螺旋、抛土轮、集土箱和覆土螺旋组成。取土螺旋取土幅宽1.5m,为秸秆层铺设提供平整地基,保证了秸秆层覆盖平整和薄土层均匀度;取土螺旋两侧的抛土轮向后抛送土壤到集土箱,避免了碎石等异物导致的装置卡死问题。经离散元仿真优化,确定取土螺旋采用末段双螺旋结构,抛土轮叶片数量为10,叶片偏角为10°,提高了覆土均匀性并降低了作业功耗。田间试验表明,装置覆土宽度为1.5m,覆土厚度为20.8~31.7mm;建立了覆土厚度标准差回归模型,其决定系数为0.9342,模型误差为1.8%;以覆土厚度标准差为响应值,确定的最优作业参数组合为：抛土轮转速300r/min、抛土角40°、取土深度20mm。该组合下覆土厚度22.9mm,覆土厚度标准差3.7mm,满足大幅宽、均匀薄层覆土要求。本研究实现了果园土壤-秸秆分层覆盖农艺的机械化作业,为旱区果园管理提供了新方法和新装备。 相似文献
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利用土壤含水率与近红外光谱土壤反射率和土壤电导率三者之间的关系,以土壤含水率为中间变量,间接表达土壤光谱反射率和土壤电导率之间的关系。土壤含水率与土壤光谱反射率存在指数关系,土壤含水率与土壤电导率存在线性关系,消除中间变量（土壤含水率）,得到土壤光谱反射率和土壤电导率之间的关系。以土壤水分敏感波段1450nm作为研究对象,研究土壤电导率的预测模型,分别建立指数预测模型和对数预测模型,并分别对两种模型进行验证。本文实验建模集样本72个,验证集样本48个,土壤电导率对数预测模型R2达0.80,土壤电导率指数预测模型R2达0.85,预测效果均可满足农田电导率估算,但对数模型在土壤电导率较低区间预测效果不理想,因此土壤电导率指数预测模型预测效果优于对数模型的预测效果。研究结果表明,土壤光谱反射率预测土壤电导率的方案可行,并为光谱信息预测土壤电导率提供了新思路。 相似文献
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基于电磁感应技术的区域三维土壤盐分空间变异研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以孔雀河流域典型地带为研究区域,利用电磁感应式大地电导率快速测定技术探测获得表观土壤电导率数据,构建了基于电磁感应技术的区域尺度剖面分层土壤盐分精确解译模型,精准解译出研究区剖面土壤盐分含量信息,并以此为数据源采用三维普通克里格法解析并评估了研究区土壤盐分三维空间分布特征。研究表明,不同测量位数据的综合应用能够表征剖面土壤盐分信息,构建出的剖面分层土壤盐分解译模型具有较好的精度;研究区不同区位土壤盐分三维分布呈现明显差异;研究区土壤主体属中度以上盐渍化,局部地带属于重度以上盐渍化土壤,需采取有效治理措施对土壤盐渍化进行可靠防控。 相似文献
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Allan Fulton Larry Schwankl Kris Lynn Bruce Lampinen John Edstrom Terry Prichard 《Irrigation Science》2011,29(6):497-512
Orchard and vineyard producers conduct preplant site evaluations to help prevent planting permanent tree and vine crops on
lands where the crop will not perform to its highest potential or attain its full life expectancy. Physical soil characteristics
within specific soil profiles and spatially throughout an orchard influence decisions on land preparation, irrigation system
selection, horticultural choices, and nutrient management. Producers depend on soil surveys to help them understand the soil
characteristics of the land and may be interested in technology that provides additional information. Electromagnetic induction
(EM38) and four-probe soil resistance sensors (VERIS) are being used in combination with global positioning systems to map
spatial variability of soils using apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa). The hypothesis evaluated in this study is
whether rapid, in situ, and relatively low-cost methods of measuring ECa (EM38 and VERIS) can effectively identify and map
physical soil variability in non-saline soils. The supposition is that in non-saline soils, ECa levels will relate well to
soil texture and water-holding capacity and can be used to map physical soil variability. In turn, the information can be
used to guide decisions on preplant tillage, irrigation system design, water and nutritional management, and other horticultural
considerations. Two sites in the Sacramento Valley were mapped each with EM38 and VERIS methods. Site-specific management
zones were identified by each provider on ECa maps for each site, and then soil samples were collected by University of California
researchers to verify these zones. Results showed that on non-saline soils, ECa measured with both EM38 and VERIS correlate
with physical soil properties such as gravel, sand, silt, and clay content but the relationship between conductivity and these
physical soil properties varied from moderately strong to weak. The strength of the correlation may be affected by several
factors including how dominant soil texture is on conductivity relative to other soil properties and on methods of equipment
operation, data analysis and interpretation. Overall, the commercial providers of ECa surveys in this study delivered reasonable
levels of accuracy that were consistent with results reported in previous studies. At one site, an ECa map developed with
VERIS provided more detail on physical soil variability to supplement published soil surveys and aided in the planning and
development of a walnut orchard. At a second site, almond yield appeared to correlate well with distinctly different soil
zones identified with EM38 mapping. 相似文献
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豫北潮土灌区土壤肥力特征与作物产量的关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《灌溉排水学报》2019,(8)
【目的】了解豫北潮土水浇地土壤肥力特征及其与作物产量的关系,为建立豫北潮土区水浇地合理耕层评价指标提供基础数据支撑。【方法】本研究对豫北潮土区62个样点进行了抽样调查,调查指标包括:耕层深度、犁底层厚度、土壤体积质量、紧实度、土壤p H值、土壤电导率、土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾以及耕作方式、播种、灌水、施肥。【结果】豫北潮土区田整体耕层深度16.8 cm,犁底层厚度11.2 cm;低产田耕层深度在15.2 cm,犁底层厚度11.9 cm,高产田耕层深度20.0 cm,犁底层厚度9.8 cm;高、中、低3种产田耕层土壤的平均紧实度分别为1 725、1 449、1 831 kPa,土壤的平均土壤体积质量分别为1.46、1.51、1.53 g/cm~3,pH值分别为8.47、8.39、8.39,有机质量分别为12.34、11.81、10.67 g/kg,速效磷量分别为16.05、12.84、10.89 mg/kg,速效钾量分别为156.69、157.20、120.56 mg/kg,养分主要分布于0～40 cm土层土壤;产量与耕层深度及耕层土壤速效钾、有机质、速效磷均呈显著正相关关系,与犁底层厚度、土壤紧实度及耕层土壤体积质量均呈显著负相关关系;产量与深层土壤pH值显著负相关,与深层土壤速效钾、有机质显著正相关。【结论】豫北潮土区影响作物产量的主要因素为耕层深度、犁底层厚度以及耕层土壤速效钾、有机质量,对作物产量的贡献大小为耕层深度>犁底层厚度>速效钾>有机质。 相似文献
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The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami inundated about 37,500 ha of coastal farmland in Aceh, and crops planted after the tsunami were severely affected by soil salinity. This paper describes the changes of soil salinity over time on tsunami affected farms and the implications for resuming crop production after natural disasters.Soil salinity and salt leaching processes were assessed across the tsunami affected region by measuring soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) using an electromagnetic induction soil conductivity instrument (EM38) combined with limited soil analysis. The ECa was measured 5 times between August 2005 and December 2007 in both the vertical (EMv) and horizontal (EMh) dipole orientations at 23 sites across Aceh. The level of salinity and direction of salt movement were assessed by comparing changes in mean profile ECa and relative changes in EMv and EMh.Eight months after the tsunami the average soil salinity in the 0-1.2 m soil depth varied from ECe 22.6 to 1.6 dS m−1 across sites in the affected region and three years after the tsunami it varied from 13.0 to 1.4 dS m−1. Soil salinity tended to be higher in rice paddy areas that trapped saline tsunami sediments and held seawater for longer periods. Leaching of salts occurred slowly by both vertical displacement and horizontal movement in surface waters. Hence, soil salinity persisted at a level which could reduce crop production for several years after the 2004 tsunami. High soil salinity persisted three years after the tsunami even though there had been more than 3000-7000 mm of accumulated rainfall to leach salts. The slow leaching is likely to have been due to the loss of functional drainage systems and general low relief of the affected areas.Monitoring of soil salinity with EM38 assisted local agricultural extension agencies to identify sites that were too saline for crops and determine when they were suitable for cropping again. The methodology used in this study could be used after similar disasters where coastal agriculture areas become inundated by seawater from storm surges or future tsunamis. 相似文献
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针对基于网格的萨克拉门托模型(GSAC)产流参数难以估计的问题,提出利用世界和谐土壤数据库(HWSD)土壤属性数据估计和校正该模型产流参数的方法。首先,采用HWSD土粒百分含量和土壤质地分类数据估算流域各网格顶层(T层)与底层(S层)土壤的凋萎系数、田间持水量、饱和含水量等土壤水分常数;再采用一个气候指数和HWSD的T层张力水容量、田间持水量及凋萎系数推求GSAC模型上层厚度,继而利用上层厚度将流域各网格的HWSD土壤水分常数转换为GSAC模型上、下层土壤水分常数;最后利用GSAC模型上层厚度与转换了的土壤水分常数估计流域各网格的产流参数;在估计产流参数的同时,采用12个系数对这些产流参数进行校正,所有的校正系数通过自由搜索(FS)算法率定GSAC模型确定。呼兰河流域的应用结果表明:基于HWSD土壤属性数据估计GSAC模型网格化产流参数的方法简便易行,利用校正产流参数驱动的GSAC模型在率定期与验证期的纳什效率系数(NSEC)分别为0.81和0.83,与不校正产流参数情况相比,校正产流参数的GSAC模型能够取得更高的模拟精度。 相似文献
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准确揭示动态沉降过程中土层厚度及其变化情况对合理确定覆土层厚度，科学评价复垦土体稳定性具有重要意义。通过野外试验，结合探地雷达数据，基于希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang transform, HHT)进行信号处理，根据希尔伯特谱确定覆土层所在的时域范围；提取由HHT获取的多个固有模态函数(Intrinsic mode function, IMF)的时间-瞬时频率信息，建立IMF2分量与相对介电常数的关系模型，进而获取覆土层厚度；将所建立的关系模型进一步应用于时间序列上的覆土层厚度的探测之中，实现覆土层厚度的动态探测。研究结果表明：覆土层下沉会引起层状介质之间的介电常数差异，进而导致分界面处的振幅变化；瞬时频率平均值与相对介电常数之间存在较高相关性，其利用多项式回归的建模决定系数R2达到0.887 0;综合考虑时域下的振幅与瞬时频率变化的联合时频分析可有效探测覆土层厚度，随覆土层厚度的增加和时间的推移探测精度整体略有下降，探测结果的平均相对误差为3.65%。 相似文献
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Preliminary surface topographical characteristics of biofilms attached on drip irrigation emitters using reclaimed water 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Drip irrigation is the most effective and reliable method for reclaimed water irrigation. Emitter clogging is the bottleneck to restrain the application and popularization of reclaimed water drip irrigation technology, and some researchers have reported that this was tightly related to the formation of biofilms in the irrigation system. We selected reclaimed water treated with cyclic activated sludge system (CASS) and four kinds of labyrinth emitters in cusp-shaped saw-tooth, rectangular straight-tooth, arc-shaped saw-tooth and arc-angular straight-tooth and studied the surface topographical characteristics of biofilms in different positions of reclaimed water drip irrigation emitters with the 3D white-light scanning interferometer (WLSI). The results showed that biofilms in different positions of units were different with each emitter while showing the largest thickness in water-side tooth-tip zone (>20 μm); the biofilm thickness in the same monitoring sites inside one unit segment gradually decreased along the flow direction, while the flow at the inlets was much larger than that at the outlets; comparing the head, middle and tail parts, the biofilm thickness at the inlet and outlet showed the largest in the tail part, followed by the middle and the head parts. This can be explained by the equilibrium relation between hydrodynamic behavior and the transportation of nutrient and particles inside the emitters. The water-side tooth-tip zone of the first unit in the last emitter was selected to monitor surface topographical characteristics of biofilms, and its biofilm thickness also could be used as the indicator for evaluating the characteristics of surface topography. These results were aimed to provide references to explain the emitter clogging mechanism of reclaimed water drip irrigation as well as its technological application and popularization. 相似文献
18.
结合RPM中一般自适应分层技术及对点云均匀分层构造RP模型方法,提出点云曲面栅格法自适应分层。以栅格为基元,将点云投影栅格化,从中获取栅格点集,结合相关系数判断栅格点线性关系,由此提取层间轮廓。定义投影点云栅格面积差比为表面误差,建立其与堆层厚度的关系,通过表面误差逼近定值最终确定堆层厚度。经实例分析验证,分层结果满足RPM要求。 相似文献
19.
为了研究植物水分通道导管内流等雷诺数小于1的微通道内流流场特性,采用Micro-PIV试验测量技术和Fluent软件,通过设置合适的多孔介质区域厚度与动量源项,建立多孔介质模型模拟壁面粗糙元影响的数值模拟方法,在雷诺数分别为0.15,0.25和0.35时,对断面尺寸为400μm×400μm的方截面直微通道内流流场进行研究,并将试验与数值模拟结果与直接对控制方程解析求解所得的解析解进行比较.结果表明：微尺度通道往往具有壁面相对粗糙度高的特性,该特性对通道内流场分布造成的影响,在雷诺数很低的情况下,仍然不可忽视.解析解是针对常规尺度通道推出的,未考虑微通道较高的相对粗糙度对流场的影响,虽然其流场速度廓线的变化趋势与试验值相近,但其值在距离流道中心小于0.04 mm的主流区小于试验值,而在距离流道中心大于0.04 mm的近壁区大于试验值.采用多孔介质模拟壁面粗糙元则可以有效地实现对方截面直微通道低雷诺数内流的模拟,试验值所得数据点与模拟值所成曲线重合. 相似文献