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1.
Priming offers an effective means for counteracting different stresses induced oxidative injury and raising seed performance in many crop species. The present study was carried out to investigate the ability of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and urea to promote the tolerance of different maize hybrids to drought and salt stresses to identify some biochemical parameters associated with KNO3 and urea induced resistance in maize seedlings. An experiment was conducted in a controlled environment of the laboratory at the college of agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz Iran, during 2010. The first factor was stress type and intensity at five levels; moderate drought, severe drought, moderate salt, severe salt, and control (without stress). Seed priming was the second factor; water as control, KNO3, and urea, and maize hybrids, including Maxima, SC704, Zola, and 304 were the third factor. Results indicated that the highest chlorophyll a (Ch a), chlorophyll b (Ch b), total chlorophyll (Ch T) contents, and carotenoids (Car) were found in no stress treatments and the most proline, protein contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities in severe drought treatment. Also, results revealed that generally, drought and salinity stresses decreased the amount of Ch a and the lowest Ch a was recorded for severe salinity stress (4.29 mg g?1). Stresses caused decrease in Ch b, but the effect of sever salinity level was higher than the others. Priming of KNO3 had significantly higher proline content than water and urea priming. The SC704 and 304 hybrids showed higher proline content than the other ones. Finally, the maize seed KNO3 and urea priming lead to high activities of antioxidant defensive enzymes and increase the tolerance level to abiotic stresses such as salt and drought. 相似文献
2.
Soil salinity is becoming a major problem due to a variety of natural and man-caused factors particularly in arid areas. The present study documented on the effect of nephthyl acetic acid (NAA) foliar spray on physiological attributes of maize including growth responses, osmolites, and antioxidant enzymatic activities of the selected maize varieties PSEV3-2(ES) and Sarhad yellow at vegetative stage exposed to different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations of 20mM to 100mM, through pot experiments. Osmolites and antioxidant enzymes serve as physiological markers for selected maize varieties under saline conditions. The maximum increase in osmolites and protein contents, Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.x), Superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), Catalse (EC 1.11.1.6) and Ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11) activities in Sarhad yellow indicating the tolerance level of this variety as compare to PSEV3-2(ES). It has been concluded that the reduction in growth responses due to salinity has been improved by the exogenous application of nephthyl acetic acid. 相似文献
3.
The phenotypic performance of a genotype is not necessarily the same under diverse agro-ecological conditions. Two commercial wheat cultivars and 33 wheat landrace varieties were selected for screening drought tolerance and the investigation of genotype × environment interactions (GEI). The study site experiences drought stress at reproductive stages. Fully irrigated along with two drought stress trials at early heading (EHS) and 50% heading stages (HDS) were performed in 2 years. The highest antioxidant and proline contents were accumulated under EHS. Reduction in cell membrane stability in EHS was 90.9% in 2011–2012. The lowest grain yield belonged to EHS (3.2 t ha?1) while the highest (6.8 t ha?1) was observed in the irrigated trial. GEI analysis indicated that the Pinthus’s coefficient was not an efficient index for screening GEI. Positive correlations were found between GEI parameters such as regression deviation, Wricke’s ecovalence and Shukla’s variance. Regression coefficients over trials ranged from 0.65 to 1.42, indicating genotypes had different responses to environmental changes. Regression models, GEI variances and grain yield showed that some varieties (KC4557, KC4862, KC3891, KC4495, and KC4633) had higher stability under drought stress and fully irrigated conditions and can be involved in breeding programs for drought stress tolerance. 相似文献
4.
为研究氯化胆碱和海藻糖对油菜蕾薹期干旱胁迫的缓解效应,本试验以5个油菜栽培品种为研究对象,在蕾薹期设置干旱胁迫、干旱胁迫下添加氯化胆碱及干旱胁迫下添加海藻糖3个处理,通过考察15个耐旱指标,探究不同处理对油菜蕾薹期形态、生长发育和生理特性的影响,并对3种处理下的油菜耐旱性进行综合评价和耐旱指标筛选。结果表明,干旱胁迫导致油菜株高、茎粗、总鲜重、地上部鲜重、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著下降,可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著上升。添加氯化胆碱后,可溶性蛋白含量显著下降(34.96%);添加海藻糖处理后,SOD、过氧化物酶(POD)活性极显著升高(77.22%和183.93%),MDA和可溶性蛋白含量均极显著降低(64.68%和27.68%)。耐旱性效应综合评价表明,干旱胁迫下,淮油18号耐旱性最强(D=0.706),南农油3号耐旱性中等(D=0.476),秦优33、秦油10号和美国油王999耐旱性最差(D=0.364~0.404)。添加氯化胆碱(D值平均提高40.00%)较海藻糖(D值平均提高13.95%)起到更好的抵御干旱逆境的作用。本研究筛选出的根长、茎粗、总鲜重、根鲜重、地上部干重和总干重等指标,可作为油菜抗旱特性快速鉴定的指标(R2=0.992)。综上所述,外源氯化胆碱对干旱胁迫下蕾薹期油菜有更好的缓解作用,这为油菜的耐旱栽培提供了理论依据。 相似文献
5.
苗期干旱胁迫及复水对春玉米叶片光能利用特性及抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过盆栽进行春玉米控水试验,设置3个控水水平(正常供水、中度干旱、重度干旱)、2个水分控制时段(干旱、复水),研究苗期不同程度干旱胁迫及复水对春玉米叶片光响应曲线、CO2响应曲线及曲线拟合参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫条件下春玉米叶片对光辐射的利用能力下降,随着干旱胁迫程度增加,叶片最大净光合速率(Pnmax)、表观量子效率(AQY)、光饱和点(LSP)、最大电子传递速率(Jmax)、最大羧化速率(VCmax)均显著下降,而光补偿点(LCP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著升高。复水后,前期中度干旱处理条件下玉米叶片Pnmax、AQY、LSP、Jmax、VCmax均高于一直正常供水水平和中度干旱水平;而前期重度干旱处理的上述各参数(Jmax、VCmax除外)均未达到一直正常供水水平,但高于重度干旱水平。SOD、POD和CAT活性均有所下降,但仍高于一直正常供水水平和干旱水平,而重度干旱后复水则下降幅度较小。苗期中度干旱锻炼具高抗氧化酶活性清除活性氧,使得膜脂过氧化程度轻,复水后其膜容易修复,使叶片光合效率产生超补偿效应,而重度干旱后复水其膜修复滞缓,使光合效率产生部分补偿效应。因此,在西北旱区春玉米生产实践中,如果进行抗旱锻炼,应限制在中度干旱水平,避免重度干旱。 相似文献
6.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(10):1249-1262
A study was carried out to explore leaf traits analysis of three strawberry varieties under different drought conditions in Malaysian upland environment in 2013. Plants of three strawberry varieties were grown in three different soil moisture levels including 25 percent (severe stress), 50 percent (mild stress), and 75 percent (normal irrigation) and remained for 60 days as a duration of stress to get appropriate observations of plants to drought stress. Significant differences were observed among varieties, treatments, and duration of drought stress in different traits (P < 0.05). Leaf area, leaf number, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll stability index, leaf moisture, leaf expansion rate, and leaf yield were diminished under stress especially when treated with 25 percent of soil moisture level and 60 days of duration. Moreover, there were remarkable differences among plants in terms of leaf thickness in 25 percent, 50 percent, and control. Severe stress reduced leaf thickness significantly compared to other treatments. 相似文献
7.
The present experiment comprised seven wheat cultivars, two drought levels (0 and 17% PEG-8000) and four replicates. The seeds of six wheat cultivars (Al-lugaimi, Bonus, Kronos, Yecora-rojo, Irena and Sama) were supplied by the King Saud University, Riyaz, Saudi Arabia, whereas S-24 was obtained from the Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The seeds were allowed to germinate and grow for 20 days in medium having full-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution or Hoagland's solution with 17% PEG-8000. For the appraisal of drought tolerance, various physiological traits such as gas-exchange attributes (A, E, Ci, gs , and A/E), leaf water relations (ψw, ψs and ψp) and the activities of key antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) were determined. On the basis of biomass and gas-exchange attributes (A, E, and gs ), cultivars Al-lugaimi and Sama were found to be drought tolerant, cultivars Yecora-rojo and Irena moderately drought tolerant, and cultivars S-24, Bonus and Kronos drought sensitive. However, plant osmotic adjustment and the activities of potential antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) were not found to be associated with drought tolerance of the different wheat cultivars. 相似文献
8.
《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2012,58(1):13-32
ABSTRACTCommon abiotic stresses in rain-fed rice areas like drought can occur at any phase of crop growth and may occur periodically. Variation in intensity and severity of drought requires the use of different rice varieties and different nutrient management strategies. This study evaluated the morphological and physiological response of contrasting rice cultivars (Rajalaxmi, IR64, and Sahbhagidhan) to various nutrient combinations under water sufficience and scarce conditions. Drought stress at vegetative stage significantly reduced tiller formation, dry matter remobilization, and photosynthesis, leading to around 41.6% yield reduction. The effect of drought stress was more evident in Rajalaxmi and IR64 by a yield reduction of 57.4% and 43.2% as against only 24.3% in Sahbhagidhan. The combined application of nutrients resulted in higher proline accumulation, chlorophyll and carbohydrate concentrations, and photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes, ultimately better tolerance to drought. This is reflected in higher values of tolerance indices and low scores of leaf drying and leaf rolling, especially for Sahbhagidhan. The combined application of P, K, Ca, Zn, and Fe resulted in 52.9, 53.3, 48.9% higher yield over P or K application. Rice drought tolerance can be managed by combining breeding of drought-tolerant high yielding varieties with the proper application of fertilizer nutrients. 相似文献
9.
为明确干旱胁迫影响灌浆期籽粒充实的生理机制,以及喷施外源亚精胺(Spd)缓解干旱胁迫的作用效果,本研究以强抗旱性玉米品种郑单958和弱抗旱性玉米品种蠡玉16为材料,利用具有遮雨棚的隔离池严格控制土壤水分条件,设置吐丝期土壤干旱胁迫和外源Spd喷施组合试验,分析外源Spd对干旱胁迫下玉米叶片抗氧化物酶活性、叶绿素荧光参数、灌浆期籽粒内源激素含量和籽粒充实的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著降低了两品种穗位叶PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo),使丙二醛(MDA)积累量增加了16.95%~23.16%,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低了11.93%~26.69%。同时,干旱胁迫下籽粒中Spd和脱落酸(ABA)含量显著提高15.79%~22.28%,玉米素和玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量降低10.39%~13.30%,最终影响灌浆期籽粒充实,造成蠡玉16和郑单958的粒重分别降低36.33和24.03 mg。喷施外源Spd可缓解干旱对穗位叶Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo的影响,有助于弱化干旱对细胞膜的氧化损伤,提高灌浆期粒重5.60~11.74,蠡玉16和郑单958的最终粒重分别提高了11.74和9.11 mg,但外源Spd对籽粒中内源激素含量的影响不显著。此外,干旱胁迫下强抗旱性品种郑单958具有较高的Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo和抗氧化物酶活性,以及较低的MDA积累,而喷施外源Spd对弱抗旱性品种蠡玉16具有更强的调控效应,建议在生产中应用外源Spd时,应结合品种的抗旱特性选择合适的喷施时间以利于籽粒灌浆和产量形成。本研究为玉米抗旱栽培提供了理论依据和技术支持。 相似文献
10.
干旱胁迫与复水条件下高粱、玉米苗期渗透调节及抗氧化比较研究 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
盆栽试验结果表明,高粱和玉米2种作物均存在渗透调节和抗氧化耐旱途径。高粱耐旱性较强,干旱条件下叶片相对含水量较高,水势亦较大。高粱以可溶性糖和蛋白质为主要渗透调节物质,以过氧化氢酶(CAT)为主要抗氧化酶。玉米以K 和脯氨酸为主要渗透调节物质,以超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)为主要抗氧化酶。 相似文献
11.
Mukhtar Ahmed Umara Qadeer Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed Fayyaz-ul Hassan 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(3):299-315
Silicon has the potential to improve drought tolerance in crops. Seeds primed with silicon were used in the present study to explore its potential benefit to withstand water stress. Seeds of two wheat varieties, NARC-2009 and Chakwal-50, were sown in pots after priming with distilled water and different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) of silicon sources (silicic acid, sodium silicate and silica gel) at PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi. Maximum silicon uptake at three-leaf stage (0.028 µg g?1 dry weight (DW)), anthesis (0.072 µg g?1 DW) and maturity (0.103 µg g?1 DW) was recorded for silica gel. Silicon uptake increased significantly in response to increase in Si concentration from 0.5% to 1.5%. Leaf membrane stability index, epicuticular wax, relative water content and proline remained maximum – 78.90%, 2.6 mg g?1 DW, 83.88% and 54.90 µg g?1 – for silica gel treatments compared with others. Silica gel with 1.5% silicon concentration resulted in maximum spike length (14.3 cm), biological yield (7.63 g pot?1), hundred-grain weight (3.97 g pot?1) and grain yield (2.46 g pot?1). Based on the study outcomes, it is concluded that silica gel might be a good priming option with 1.5% silicon concentration to establish plant under drought stress. 相似文献
12.
干旱胁迫对花生生育中后期根系生长特征的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
花生是较耐旱的经济和油料作物, 长期少雨或季节性干旱是限制花生产量提高的重要环境因子, 也是花生收获前黄曲霉素感染的重要因素。根系是植物吸水的主要器官, 不同土壤水分状况下植物的根系构型可能会表现出显著差异, 进而影响植物根系吸收养分和水分的能力。研究不同土壤水分状况下花生根系形态的发育特征与抗旱性的关系对进一步理解花生的水分吸收、运输、利用和散失机制以及培育抗旱性花生具有非常重要的作用。为明确不同抗旱性花生品种的根系形态发育特征, 探讨其根系形态发育特征对不同土壤水分状况的响应机制, 在防雨棚旱池内进行土柱栽培试验, 研究抗旱型花生品种"花育22号"和干旱敏感型花生品种"花育23号"生育中后期根系生长特征及其对干旱胁迫的响应。设置正常供水和中度干旱胁迫(分别控制土壤含水量为田间持水量的80%~85%和45%~50%)2个水分处理, 分别在花针期、结荚期和饱果期进行取样,根长、根表面积和体积扫描后通过WinRhizo Pro Vision 5.0a程序进行分析; 收获时测定产量和抗旱系数(干旱胁迫处理与正常供水处理下产量之比)。结果表明, "花育22号"具有较高的产量和抗旱系数, "花育23号"对干旱胁迫的适应性小于"花育22号"。抗旱型品种"花育22号"具有较大的根系生物量、总根长和根系表面积, 且深层土壤内根系表面积和体积大于"花育23号"。与正常供水处理相比, 干旱胁迫显著降低2个品种花针期的根系总根长、根系总表面积和总体积, 对结荚期和饱果期根系性状无显著影响; 干旱胁迫增加2个品种生育中后期40 cm以下土层内的根长密度分布比例、根系表面积和体积, 但"花育23号"各根系性状增加幅度小于"花育22号"。干旱胁迫处理下20~40 cm和40 cm以下土层内根系表面积和体积分别与总根长、总表面积和总体积呈显著或极显著正相关, 而正常供水处理下0~20 cm土层内根系表面积和体积与整体根系性状表现极显著正相关。总体而言, 具有较大根系和深层土壤内较多的根系分布是抗旱型花生的主要根系分布特征; 土壤水分亏缺条件下, 花生主要通过增加深层土壤内根长、根系表面积和体积等形态特性调节植株对水分的利用。 相似文献
13.
土壤干旱胁迫对玉米叶片水分状况、膜透性及酶抗氧化系统的影响 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
A simulation experiment on the responses of maize （Zea mays L.） from the third leaf stage to maturity for different soil water levels （well-watered, moderately stressed, and severely stressed） was conducted by controlling irrigation and using a mobile rain shelter in a neutral loam, meadow soil to determine the effects on leaf water status, membrane permeability and enzymatic antioxidant system for different growth stages. The results indicated that drought stress relied on drought intensity and duration, with more severe drought stress creating more serious effects on maize. Compared with wellwatered conditions, during the silking and blister stages moderate stress did not significantly change the relative water content （RWC） and did change significantly the relative conductivity （RC） （P 〈 0.05） of the leaves; however, severe stress did significantly decrease （P 〈 0.01） the leaf RWC and increase （P 〈 0.01） membrane permeability （leaf relative conductivity）. Furthermore, under severe drought stress antioxidant enzyme activities declined significantly （P 〈 0.01） in later stages, namely for superoxide dismutase （SOD） the tasseling and blister stages, for peroxidase （POD） the milk stage, and for catalase （CAT） during the tasseling, blister, and milk stages. Meanwhile, membrane lipid peroxidation （measured as malondialdehyde content） significantly increased （P 〈 0.01） in all stages. 相似文献
14.
Alpha Y. Kamara Sylvester U. Ewansiha Abdullahi I. Tofa 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2019,50(4):373-387
Performance under sub-optimal nitrogen (N) conditions, of early maturing maize cultivars bred for tolerance to drought and Striga parasitism in the Nigerian savanna is not known. This study evaluated the tolerance of selected early maturing drought and Striga-tolerant maize cultivars to low N conditions in Northern Nigeria. The cultivars were evaluated at 30 and 100 kg N ha?1. The varieties were compared with an improved maize cultivar that is not tolerant to drought and Striga. Maize grain yield was 26% higher at 100 kg N ha?1 than at 30 kg N ha?1 in 2010 and 161% higher100 kg Nha?1 than at 30 kg Nha?1 in 2011. The drought and Striga-tolerant varieties produced consistently higher yields than the non-drought-tolerant variety particularly at 30 kg Nha?1. These cultivars also accumulated higher amount of N, had higher N-uptake efficiency or N-utilization efficiency than the non-drought-tolerant variety ACR 95 TZE-COMP4 C3. Grains yield at low nitrogen rate was associated with high ears m?2, high dry matter accumulation, high grains m?2, suggesting that these traits are linked to low-N tolerance. The good performance of the drought-tolerant maize varieties under low N suggests that varieties developed for drought tolerance may be tolerant to low-N conditions. 相似文献
15.
P. Senguttuvel C. Vijayalakshmi K. Thiyagarajan R. Sritharan S. Geetha J.R. KannanBapu 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(10):1359-1371
Three rice genotypes, IR 74802, IR 73104 and IR 72593, along with FL 478 and IR 29 as resistant and susceptible controls, respectively, were subjected to 21 days' salinity stress at the seedling stage in modified yoshida solution with two salt levels (60 and 120 mM NaCl). The results indicated that there was a profound increase in proline and ascorbic acid levels, and in the activity of nitrate reductase and antioxidant enzymes, i.e. catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase, as well as malondialdhyde and membrane stability index, which were associated with salt tolerance. Salt stress had a significant and drastic effect on all parameters when the salinity level increased to 120 mM NaCl. The increased enzyme activity was directly related to an increased membrane stability index, as in IR 72593, which is identified as the most tolerant among the genotypes tested. It is clearly confirmed that predicting tolerance at the early seedling stage is the best way to assess the salinity tolerance level by utilizing physiological parameters, especially antioxidant enzyme activities which are found to be closely associated with salinity tolerance. Physiological adaptation of the plant to NaCl salt stress resulted in enhanced activity of stress-related enzymes and low sodium uptake in tolerant genotypes. 相似文献
16.
为从蛋白水平揭示不同耐旱性甘薯柴根和块根的差异,明确甘薯根系分化和耐旱性生理机制,以耐旱性强的济薯21(JS21)和耐旱性弱的济紫薯1(JZS1)为试验材料,在旱棚内人工控水模拟田间干旱,采用iTRAQ技术开展不同耐旱性甘薯柴根和块根的全蛋白组差异蛋白分析。结果表明,共鉴定到甘薯根系差异蛋白2 003个,其中可信蛋白1 716个、动态表达蛋白819个。GO分析表明,干旱胁迫条件下,与柴根相比,JS21和JZS1块根差异蛋白分别集中于细胞质内碳水化合物合成、能量代谢等生物过程;与JZS1块根相比,JS21块根差异蛋白分子功能主要涉及过氧化物酶活性、氧化还原酶活性等。KEGG分析表明,木质素代谢在甘薯根系分化和响应干旱胁迫的过程中起到重要的调控作用。从淀粉和蔗糖代谢、苯丙烷代谢途径富集的差异蛋白分析中探明,正常条件下,JS21主要通过ADPGase积累淀粉,JZS1不仅通过ADPGase还通过UDPGase积累淀粉;干旱胁迫条件下,JS21块根中淀粉的合成仍大于分解,而JZS1块根中蔗糖的分解大于合成。正常条件下,2个品种柴根中均含有丰富的抗氧化酶;但干旱诱导JS21块根产生过氧化物酶,导致JZS1块根中木质素合成关键酶上调表达。蔗糖合酶是干旱胁迫条件下耐旱性弱的JZS1根系中能量代谢重要蛋白。综上,干旱胁迫条件下,耐旱性强的JS21可通过柴根中已有的和块根中诱导产生的过氧化物酶协同抵御干旱胁迫,而耐旱性弱的JZS1则通过蔗糖合酶维持能量代谢,其块根木质化程度加剧。本研究为甘薯耐旱性品种生理鉴定和耐旱基因发掘提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
17.
Muhammad Asif Shehzad Muhammad Maqsood Fahim Nawaz Tasawer Abbas Sanaullah Yasin 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(8):943-955
Terminal drought stress (drought at reproductive growth stage) has been considered a severe environmental threat under changing climatic scenarios and undoubtedly inhibits sunflower production. A field study was conducted to explore the potential role of foliar applied boron (B) (0, 15, 30, 45 mg L?1) at late growth periods of sunflower in alleviating the adversities of terminal drought stress (75, 64, 53 mm DI) grown from inflorescence emergence to maturity stages. The plant water relations such as leaf relative water content (RWC), water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψs), and turgor pressure (Ψp) were increased significantly with B foliar sprays while exposed to terminal drought stress. Foliar B application considerably improved the nitrogen and B concentrations in leaf and seed tissues, and also chlorophyll a and b pigments under terminal drought stress conditions. Drought-induced proline accumulation prevented the damages caused by drought stress, nevertheless, B foliar spray increased its contents. Compared to well-watered conditions, terminal drought stress substantially declined the growth performance in terms of reduced leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and total dry matter (TDM) production; however, foliar B supply (30 mg L?1) might be helpful for improving drought tolerance in sunflower with reduced growth losses. 相似文献
18.
砧木的抗旱能力直接影响桃品种生长发育,选择适宜抗旱性桃砧木对桃产业发展有积极的促进作用。为阐明不同桃砧木对干旱胁迫生理响应机制,以5种桃砧木扦插苗为试材,通过盆栽控水方式,研究不同程度干旱胁迫下5种桃自根砧的叶片水分特性、渗透调节物质、抗氧化物酶及叶绿素含量变化。结果表明,随着干旱程度加重,5种砧木相对含水量、临界含水量下降,自然饱和亏、临界饱和亏及需水程度上升,组织密度和自由水含量逐渐减少,束缚水含量则增大,持水能力、组织水势和耐旱系数下降。各干旱胁迫处理的丙二醛(MDA)含量、 游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性糖含量和叶绿素含量均增加;过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提高,其中随干旱程度加重,丙二醛(MDA)含量、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量均呈增加趋势,SOD活性、CAT活性也均呈提升趋势,可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量、POD活性变化不尽相同。综合隶属函数分析可知,桃自根砧品种间抗旱性由强到弱依次为樱桃李5号、RA、樱桃李3号、GF677、樱桃李1号。 相似文献
19.
玉米/大豆带状套作可以充分利用光环境,提高单位土地面积物质产出。为探明玉米/大豆带状复合种植模式下不同空间配置对大豆冠层光环境、形态、产量及系统效益的影响,进而为大豆高产优质栽培提供依据,本研究选用半紧凑型（‘川单418’）和紧凑型（‘荣玉1210’）玉米品种与大豆带状套作,固定带宽为200 cm,玉米采用宽窄行种植,玉米窄行距设置3个处理：20 cm、40 cm、60 cm;并以单作大豆（SS）作为对照。分析透光率、形态、光合色素、荧光参数、生物量和系统产量的变化规律。结果表明：套作大豆冠层透光率、红光/远红光（R/FR）比值随玉米窄行距的增大而逐渐降低;套作下大豆茎粗、节数、茎干重和全叶干重均随玉米窄行距增大呈降低趋势,最大值出现在玉米窄行距20 cm处理下;与单作大豆相比,两个玉米品种下大豆茎粗、节数、茎干重和全叶干重均显著降低,而第2节间长和主茎长显著升高。套作下大豆叶片光合色素含量随玉米窄行距的增大而逐渐降低,各行距处理及不同玉米品种下套作的叶片光合色素含量均低于单作大豆。大豆叶片荧光参数Fv/Fm、NPQ、Fq''Fm''和Fq''/Fv''随玉米窄行距的增大均呈先增大后减小的趋势,而Fo变化趋势与之相反。玉米收获后,大豆光环境得到改善并迅速恢复生长,套作大豆形态生理指标与单作差异减小,但由于前期玉米的遮荫,各套作处理间大豆产量差异仍显著。通过系统效益分析,在玉米窄行距40 cm处理下,套作系统综合产量最高,两玉米品种下玉米、大豆产量平均分别为8 559.52 kg·hm-2、1 717.60 kg·hm-2,土地当量比平均达1.57。本试验中大豆与两个株型玉米套作,大豆形态生理指标差异影响不显著。因此,选择紧凑或半紧凑玉米品种,适度缩小玉米窄行距可以显著改善带状套作大豆的生长环境,提高其生物量和产量。 相似文献
20.
Prof. Dr. Aydin Gunes Ali Inal Mehmet Alpaslan Nuray Cicek Esra Guneri Figen Eraslan 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):687-695
Abstract It has been proposed that salicylic acid (SA) acts as an endogenous signal molecule responsible for inducing environmental stress tolerance in plants. In this study, the effects of seed soaked (1.0 mM for 24 h) and soil incorporated (0.1 mM and 0.5 mM) salicylic acid (SA) supply on growth and mineral concentrations of maize (Zea mays L., Hamidiye F1) grown under either salt, boron toxicity or drought-stressed conditions were investigated. Exogenously applied SA either with seed soaked (SS) or soil incorporated (SI) increased plant growth significantly in all the stresses conditions. Salicylic acid inhibited Na and Cl accumulation in saline conditions, and 0.5 mM of soil incorporated SA decreased B significantly in boron toxicity treatment. Except in drought condition, SA treatments stimulated N accumulation in plants. And P, K, Mg and Mn concentrations of SA received plants were increased in the stress conditions. These results suggest that SA regulates the response of plants to the environmental stresses and could be used as a plant growth regulator to improve plant growth and stimulate mineral nutrient concentrations under stress conditions. 相似文献