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1.
伴性遗传是基因位于性染色体上的遗传现象。鸟类动物与哺乳类动物相反,凡配子同型的(ZZ)都是公禽,配子异型的(ZW)都是母禽。研究表明,伴性基因主要存在于Z染色体上。当携带有隐性伴性基因的雄性个体与携带显性伴性基因的雌性个体交配时,子代就会出现交叉遗传现象,即女儿表现父亲的 相似文献
2.
<正> 家蚕是雌性异型昆虫,雌蚕性染色体组成为ZW,雄蚕为ZZ。W染色体除了有决定雌性的功能外,还没有确认存在其他的生理或形态基因。已知有许多形态和生理的基因位于Z染色体上。凡是Z染色体上的基因所支配的性状表现为性连锁遗传。如果隐性致死突变发生在Z染色体上,就表现 相似文献
3.
鸡胚胎的性腺发育是研究脊椎动物性别决定的一个很好的模型。文章综述了鸡胚胎性腺性别分化的基本过程、性别决定中性染色体(ZZ/ZW)的可能机制和性别决定关键基因及其作用机制的研究进展。 相似文献
4.
采用常规骨髓细胞制片法,对分布在新疆哈巴河地区捷蜥蜴（Lacerta agilis）种群的染色体组型进行了研究。结果表明,捷蜥蜴的二倍体染色体数为38条,性别决定机制为ZW型,存在异型的性染色体,其中,雄性性染色体为ZZ型,染色体组型为2n=34I＋2m＋ZZ;雌性性染色体为ZW型,染色体组型为2n=34I＋2m＋ZW。捷蜥蜴的染色体除第18对和w染色体呈点状外,其余全部为端着丝点染色体。按照染色体的相对长度将18对常染色体分成3组,第1组包括第1、2、3对染色体（相对长度〉7．5％）,第2组包括第4—17对染色体和性染色体（7．5％〉相对长度〉2．0％）,第3组只有第18对染色体（相对长度〈2．O％）。除Z和w性染色体不同外,其余染色体的大小和类型均无两性差异。从组型特征来看,为蜥蜴目较原始的类型。 相似文献
5.
正中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所陈松林研究员等联合深圳华大基因研究院、德国维尔茨堡大学、法国农业科学研究院和新加坡国立大学等单位组建的国际合作研究团队,在半滑舌鳎性染色体起源和性别决定机制研究方面取得突破性进展。近日,国际生物学领域顶级期刊Nature Genetics在线发表了相关研究成果(DOI10.1038/ng.2890)。脊椎动物性染色体的起源和进化一直是生物学界的研究热点,半滑舌鳎的性别决定类型为ZW/ZZ型,雌性具有巨大的异形性染色体(W染 相似文献
6.
<正> 鸡的快慢羽,受一对等位基因K与k的控制,并且他们都位于性染色体上。一般用K代表慢羽基因,用k代表快羽基因,K对k为完全显性。因为禽类的性染色体为雌性异型,即母鸡为ZW型,公鸡为ZZ型,所以公鸡的基因型是:Z~KZ~K、Z~KZ~k和Z~kZ~k(以下简写为KK、Kk、kk)。 相似文献
7.
鸟类的染色体数目、形状以及性染色体迄今,用现化细胞遗传学技术检查的已报导的227种鸟类的染色体二倍体数目的幅度是在52—98之间,众数为80(表1)。由于小型染色体的准确数字计数困难,所以某些数目是近似的,但其它的,特别是对小型染色体数目少的种类,则是准确的。隼属(红隼和Falco biarmicus)的染色体数最低(52)(博尔,1976),沙锥属(扇尾沙锥)的染色体数则最高(汉玛,1970),鹤类则为80左右。典型的鸟类染色体组型包含几对大的到中等的染色体,还有若干小型染色体,虽然在这二者之间的界线并不一定非常明显。与哺乳动物不同,鸟类的性染色体是雌性异型而雄性同型,即雄性为ZZ,雌性为 相似文献
8.
家禽体细胞内存在着一种能够控制性状遗传和表现的称为基因的物质。基因是生物遗传的基本功能单位,主要存在于细胞核内的染色体之上。家禽体细胞中的染色体数是成双的,除一对染色体的形态与内容相互之间不同外,其余各对染色体的形态与内容都相同。因而在形成配子时,一部分配子中有一条染色体往往跟另一部分配子中的同源染色体在形态上有所不同。由于这条染色体与它的同源染色体与性别的决定有直接关系,所以就称为性染色体。家禽的性染色体为ZW型,即含ZW染色体为 相似文献
9.
家蚕的ZW异型配子是雌性，ZZ同型配子是雄性。雌性异型配子是鳞翅目昆虫中的典型。尽管家蚕中W染色体决定雌性，但是到现在还没有发现与W染色体连锁的形态特征基因。Z染色体带有重要经济价值基因和多种表型特征基因，但是我们只知道相对2％大小的分子信息。迄今为止，研究表明Z染色体连锁基因没有剂量补偿效应。 相似文献
10.
哺乳动物的正常个体发生和世代传递依赖于雌雄两种性别的有性生殖,而雌雄两种性别的性别决定和生殖器官的正常发生是保证高等哺乳动物繁衍和遗传与进化的生物学基础。哺乳动物的性别决定能否正常发生首先依赖于其体内染色体尤其是雌雄性染色体的完整性。在雌雄两性生殖器官的发育过程中,必须保证在生殖特异性调控基因和生殖激素的精密协同作用下,其中包括一系列复杂的时序性的细胞和分子生物学事件,最终决定生殖器官发育形成哺乳动物雄性的睾丸或雌性卵巢。如果在雄性生殖器官发育过程出现任何异常,都会造成如雄性生殖器官畸形,甚至性逆转等疾病。哺乳动物性别决定机制研究一直是发育生物学、临床医学、动物遗传育种和繁殖研究中的一个重大科学课题,它的深入研究有利于揭示哺乳动物有性生殖的遗传进化和生殖系统相关疾病尤其是不育症的防治,更有利于定向选择特定性别的经济动物,从根本上提高畜牧业效益。论文主要简述影响哺乳动物雄性性别决定的相关因素及其进展。 相似文献
11.
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario. Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously. 相似文献
13.
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
14.
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
15.
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection. 相似文献
17.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
18.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated. Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively. 相似文献
19.
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
20.
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%). Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
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