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1.
《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2007,16(1):49-51
A considerable literature on hamsters and their diseases is available, primarily pertaining to laboratory hamsters, and more particularly to the Syrian (golden) hamster (Mesocritecus auratus). Because hamsters sold in the pet trade are essentially of similar strains, this article will review diseases and lesions of the heart reported in hamsters and will present data on conditions submitted to our diagnostic pathology service. The literature review is not meant to be comprehensive but will cover commonly reported natural disease conditions and a few experimentally produced diseases. 相似文献
2.
The golden Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is frequently used as a model to study virulence for several Leptospira species. Onset of an acute lethal infection following inoculation with several pathogenic Leptospira species has been widely adopted for pathogenesis studies. An important exception is the outcome following inoculation of hamsters with live L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo, the primary cause of bovine leptospirosis and a cause of human infections. Typically, inoculation of hamsters with L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo fails to induce clinical signs of infection. In this study, the authors defined LD(50) and ID(50) for 2 strains of L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo: JB197 and 203. Both strains infected hamsters with ID(50) values of approximately 1.5 × 10(2) bacteria yet differed in tissue invasion and interaction with leukocytes, resulting in widely divergent clinical outcomes. Hamsters infected with strain 203 established renal colonization within 4 days postinfection and remained asymptomatic with chronic renal infections similar to cattle infected with serovar Hardjo. In contrast, hamsters infected with strain JB197 developed a rapidly debilitating disease typical of acute leptospirosis common in accidental hosts (eg, humans) with an LD(50) of 3.6 × 10(4) bacteria. Evidence that strain JB197 resides in both extracellular and intracellular environments during hamster infection was obtained. Development of models that result in chronic and acute forms of leptospirosis provides a platform to study L. borgpetersenii pathogenesis and to test vaccines for the prevention of leptospirosis. 相似文献
3.
Saita E Tohei A Jin WZ Takahashi S Suzuki AK Watanabe G Taya K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(2):221-228
Thyroid hormones permit the annual reproductive transition of seasonal breeders. Although, precise function of thyroid hormones in seasonal breeding is not well understood. In the present study, we examined effects of hypothyroidism on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in adult male golden hamsters after transition of the short-day photoperiod (SD; 8 h light: 16 h dark) condition. We confirmed that hypothyroid, which had been induced by administration of thiouracil in drinking water for 4 weeks, did not have direct effects on testes in male hamsters under the long-day photoperiod. Plasma concentrations of free T3 and T4 decreased 15 weeks after transition of SD condition. Plasma concentrations of testosterone in the hypothyroid group decreased earlier than in the control group after the transition from LD to SD. In animals treated with testosterone after castration, plasma concentrations of LH in the hypothyroid group decreased earlier than in the control group after the transition of SD. On the other hand, pituitary response to GnRH for LH release did not change in castrated hamsters as a result of hypothyroidism. These results suggest that thyroid hormones act the hypothalamus and might be required to maintain GnRH secretion in male golden hamsters. 相似文献
4.
Weng Q Shi Z Kawaguchi M Watanabe G Taya K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(5):397-401
Characteristic daily increases in the plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) are present every afternoon during lactation in golden hamsters. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the diurnal rhythm of increases in LH on expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), its receptors trkA and p75 and inhibin alpha-subunit in the ovarian interstitial cells of lactating golden hamsters. Both lactating and non-lactating groups of postpartum golden hamsters were used in this study. The expression of NGF, its receptors trkA and p75 and inhibin alpha-subunit were determined by immunohistochemistry. Positive staining of NGF, trkA and p75 was found in the interstitial cells of the lactating group, and no immunoreactivity for NGF, trkA or p75 was observed in the ovarian interstitial cells of the non-lactating group. In addition, immunostaining of inhibin alpha-subunit was also observed in the interstitial cells of the lactating group but not in those of the non-lactating group. Immunostaining of the inhibin/activin beta(A)- and beta(B)-subunits was observed in the granulosa cells of antral follicles, but not in the interstitial cells of the lactating and non-lactating animals. These results suggest that the diurnal rhythm increases in LH can induce expression of NGF, trkA, p75 and inhibin alpha-subunit in the ovarian interstitial cells of lactating golden hamsters and that NGF, its receptors trkA and p75 and inhibin alpha-subunit may have the capacity for autocrine or paracrine modulation of interstitial cell differentiation in golden hamsters. 相似文献
5.
For experimental infections with viscerotropic strains of Leishmania, a suitable animal model is not yet defined. In the present work, we have reappraised the use of golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as an experimental model for infection with Leishmania infantum. Groups of hamsters were challenged by the intracardial route with doses ranging from 10(3) to 10(5) infectious promastigotes and the animals were monitored for 1-year follow-up period. The outcome of the infection was assessed by clinical symptoms of leishmaniasis, parasite loads in both liver and spleen, humoral response to Leishmania antigens and antibody levels in kidneys. The humoral response was analysed using either crude antigens (by ELISA and Western blotting) or several recombinant Leishmania antigens (Hsp70, Hsp83, LiP2a, LiP2b, H2A, H3 and KMP-11). From the analysis of all these parameters, we established the existence of three groups of animals: symptomatic or susceptible, oligosymptomatic, and resistant. Given the parallelism existing between the outcomes of Leishmania-infection in hamsters, dogs and humans, we believe that our data illustrate that the hamster is an excellent experimental model to study visceral leishmaniasis and for the design of vaccine development. 相似文献
6.
H Freudenstein B Hein 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1991,14(3):229-234
Seven vaccines prepared from pathogenic strains of different origin of Leptospira interrogans [serovars icterohaemorrhagiae (one strain) and copenhageni (6 strains)] were examined in protection tests on golden hamsters. Two of the copenhageni strains were used for challenge. The organs (kidneys, spleen, liver) in the vaccinated animals surviving challenge were protected to a varying degree. Low rates of survival were associated with a high incidence of Leptospira-positive findings, partly connected with focal lesions of the kidneys. On the other hand, in the groups in which all the animals survived, it was not possible to culture leptospires from their organs or to detect leptospiral antigen in these organs by immunohistochemical investigation. A protection of the organs that prevents vaccinated animals from shedding leptospires after infection clearly depends on the vaccine dose administered and the efficacy of the vaccine which can be measured in potency tests based on the survival rate as the relevant parameter. 相似文献
7.
Most studies support the viewpoint that the vomeronasal organ has a profound effect on conspecific odor recognition, scent marking and mating behavior in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). However, the role of the vomeronasal organ in social odor recognition, social interaction and fitness is not well understood. Therefore, we conducted a series of behavioral and physiological tests to examine the referred points in golden hamster. We found that male hamsters with vomeronasal organ lesion showed no preference between a predator odor (the anal gland secretion of the Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) and putative female pheromone components (myristic acid and palmitic acid), but were still able to discriminate between these 2 kinds of odors. In behavioral tests of anxiety, we found that vomeronasal organ removal causes female hamsters to spend much less time in center grids and to cross fewer center grids and males to make fewer crossings between light and dark boxes than sham‐operated controls. This indicates that a chronic vomeronasal organ lesion induced anxious responses in females. In aggressive behavioral tests, we found that a chronic vomeronasal organ lesion decreased agonistic behavior in female hamsters but not in males. The pup growth and litter size show no differences between the 2 groups. All together, our data suggested that vomeronasal organ ablation disrupted the olfactory recognition of social chemosignals in males, and induced anxiety‐like and aggressive behavior changes in females. However, a vomeronasal organ lesion did not affect the reproductive capacity and fitness of hamsters. Our studies may have important implications concerning the role of the vomeronasal organ in golden hamsters and also in rodents. 相似文献
8.
Francesca Sampieri Fabio A. Vannucci Andrew L. Allen Nicola Pusterla Aphroditi J. Antonopoulos Katherine R. Ball Julie Thompson Patricia M. Dowling Don L. Hamilton Connie J. Gebhart 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2013,77(4):261-272
Lawsonia intracellularis infection causes proliferative enteropathy (PE) in many mammalian species, with porcine and equine proliferative enteropathy (PPE and EPE) known worldwide. Hamsters are a well-published animal model for PPE infection studies in pigs. There is no laboratory animal model for EPE infection studies and it is not known whether there is species-specificity for equine or porcine isolates of L. intracellularis in animal models. The objective of this study was to determine whether it is possible to generate typical EPE lesions in hamsters after inoculation with an equine strain of L. intracellularis (EPE strain) and whether it is comparatively possible to generate PPE lesions in rabbits after inoculation with a porcine strain of L. intracellularis (PPE strain). In 2 separate trials, 4-week-old and 3-week-old weanling golden Syrian hamsters were challenged with EPE strains and compared to uninfected (both trials) and PPE-infected controls (Trial 2 only). Concurrently, 6 female New Zealand white juvenile rabbits were infected with PPE strain and observed concomitantly to 8 similar rabbits infected with EPE strain for a different experiment. Hamsters and rabbits were observed for 21 to 24 days post-infection (DPI), depending on the experiment. Neither infected species developed clinical signs. The presence of disease was assessed with diagnostic techniques classically used for pigs and horses: immune-peroxidase monolayer assay on sera; quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection of molecular DNA in feces; and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on intestinal tissues. Our results showed that EPE-challenged hamsters do not develop infection when compared with PPE controls (IHC, P = 0.009; qPCR, P = 0.0003). Conversely, PPE-challenged rabbits do not develop typical intestinal lesions in comparison to EPE-challenged rabbits, with serological response at 14 DPI being significantly lower (P = 0.0023). In conclusion, PPE and EPE strains appear to have different host-specificities for hamsters and rabbits, respectively. 相似文献
9.
旨在比较辛伐他汀与依折麦布对高脂饮食金黄地鼠降脂效果的差异。选取体况健康的雄性叙利亚金黄地鼠40只随机分为4组,分别为空白对照组、高脂模型组、辛伐他汀组和依折麦布组;空白对照组饲喂基础饲料,其他3组饲喂高脂饲料;采用灌胃方法分别给予高脂饲喂的金黄地鼠辛伐他汀与依折麦布,连续灌胃9周,空白对照组和高脂模型组同期灌胃蒸馏水;试验结束时,称量各组金黄地鼠体重,取肝脏样本进行称重,计算肝体比;制备肝脏组织学切片进行HE染色,利用显微镜观察病理变化。结果表明:与空白对照组相比,辛伐他汀组的肝脏重量极显著增加(P<0.01),依折麦布组的肝脏重量变化不显著(P>0.05);辛伐他汀组的肝体比极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01),依折麦布组的肝体比显著低于空白对照组(P<0.05);辛伐他汀组肝脏颜色呈土黄色,表面有颗粒感,边缘锐利,眼观特征与高脂模型组相似;依折麦布组肝脏与空白对照组肝脏眼观特征一致,均呈暗褐色,质地柔软,边缘锐利;辛伐他汀组肝脏镜检观察可见肝周边缘部肝细胞质内出现大脂肪空泡,将细胞核挤向一边,可见空泡变性和炎性细胞浸润;依折麦布组肝脏组织学检查可见肝细胞均质红染,胞质丰富,未见大脂肪空泡、空泡变性和炎性细胞浸润,肝索排列整齐。综上提示,依折麦布对高脂饲喂的金黄地鼠肝脏的降脂效果优于辛伐他汀。 相似文献
10.
Daly JM Yates RJ Browse G Swann Z Newton JR Jessett D Davis-Poynter N Mumford JA 《Equine veterinary journal》2003,35(5):458-462
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Vaccination and challenge studies in ponies are the most relevant experimental system for predicting whether strains included in equine influenza vaccines are relevant, but they are difficult to perform. OBJECTIVES: In order to investigate the feasibility of using a small animal model, results of a cross-protection study in hamsters were compared with those from a previous pony challenge experiment. METHODS: Animals were immunised with inactivated vaccines containing one of 4 strains of equine influenza A H3N8 subtype virus isolated over a 26 year period (1963 to 1989), then challenged with a 1989 strain. RESULTS: Although there was no significant difference in titres of excreted virus between groups of vaccinated ponies, hamsters immunised with heterologous strains had significantly higher virus titres in the lung than hamsters vaccinated with the homologous strain. In both ponies and hamsters, the number of animals excreting virus was greater the earlier the isolation date of the vaccine strain, although this was only significant in the hamster study. CONCLUSIONS: Despite differences, the overall conclusion of both the pony and hamster models was that heterologous vaccines may be less effective than homologous vaccines at preventing virus excretion. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Further validation is required, but the hamster model shows potential for preliminary assessment of the effects of antigenic drift on vaccine efficacy. 相似文献
11.
Non-suppurative myocarditis in pigs that were experimentally infected with encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus is reported. Two of the four pigs that were infected with the virus died suddenly from myocardial failure, and all four had gross and microscopic changes consistent with EMC infection. This confirms the pathogenic potential of some strains of EMC virus for young pigs. 相似文献
12.
Adult articular cartilage is divided by the tidemark into a deep calcified layer and a more superficial uncalcified layer. Histologic examination of articular cartilage from the knee joint of golden Syrian hamsters 123 days of age or older revealed defects at the tidemark in the tibia. Defects ranged from small separations of the calcified and uncalcified layers along the tidemark to progressively larger defects apparently formed by dissolution. These larger defects appeared as cavities in the noncalcified cartilage, had smooth rather than rough edges, frequently contained coalesced debris, and often resulted in a bulge in the articular surface. Occasionally, these large defects broke through the articular surface. Defects were not observed in tibial cartilage of younger (<90 days old) hamsters or in femoral cartilage from hamsters of any age. Exercise neither protected against nor increased the severity of the defects. Collagen cross-linking by pyridinoline was examined as a function of age and increased from 1,090 to 3,062 micromoles of pyridinoline/mole of hydroxyproline over the period of 1-9 months of age but was not correlated with defect formation. With increasing age, these focal tidemark defects could lead to osteoarthrosis-like cartilage lesions. 相似文献
13.
对金黄地鼠Kcnq1基因进行分子克隆与鉴定以及在多种器官组织的表达差异进行分析,旨在研究Kcnq1基因在地鼠各组织器官中的功能。提取金黄地鼠心脏组织总RNA,根据大鼠Kcnq1的保守序列区域设计引物TK1,用RT-PCR的方法从金黄地鼠心脏组织中扩增出Kcnq1cDNA片段,并且以心脏cDNA片段为模板,将纯化后的cDNA在T4连接酶的作用下与pMD18-T载体特异性连接,转化感受态大肠杆菌DH5α中,筛选重组子并酶切鉴定,将鉴定后的重组子进行DNA测序。提取心、肝、脾、肺、肾各组织总RNA,并反转录,将各组织cDNA做荧光定量检测,检测各组织表达量的差异。结果显示克隆出金黄地鼠Kcnq1基因477bp的部分片段长度,推测出编码的159个氨基酸。与大鼠等物种Kcnq1基因比对,核苷酸和氨基酸序列均具有较高的同源性。荧光定量结果显示,Kcnq1在金黄地鼠心脏中表达量最高,在肺脏和肾脏中均有较高表达,在脾脏中低度表达,在肾脏中基本不表达。该研究结果为深入研究金黄地鼠Kcnq1基因功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
14.
Male Syrian golden hamsters receiving 12 weekly subcutaneous injections of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) were subjected to cigarette smoke-inhalation and fed a diet or without 1% vitamin C supplement for a period of 58 weeks. Another group was a sham-smoked control and was not fed vitamin C. Tissues of the oral cavity and costal cartilage were examined by light and/or scanning electron microscopy. Oral leukoplakia and costochondral hyperplasia occurred with high frequency in all groups treated with DEN. Leukoplakic lesions were found in the palate, tongue, and pharynx; the early change was focal erosion with mild epithelial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration. Advanced lesions had marked mucosal thickening due to acanthosis, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, and submucosal infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Precancerous lesions were noted in tongue and pharynx. Scanning electron microscopy of tongues revealed destruction of filiform papillae. The incidence of leukoplakic lesions were higher in smoke-exposed hamsters than in controls, but the incidence in vitamin C-supplemented hamsters was low when compared with the smoke-exposed hamsters without vitamin C. Costochondral hyperplasia was initiated by thickening of the perichondrium followed by proliferation of chondrocytes. Costochondral hyperplasia appeared earlier, and the incidence was higher in the vitamin C-supplemented hamsters. It could not be determined whether costochondral hyperplasia was the primary lesion induced by DEN or secondary change. 相似文献
15.
A G Richter N C Lausen A L Lage 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1984,185(11):1357-1358
Late-term pregnant Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) died within 24 hours of arrival in our facility. Disseminated thrombi were found in many organs, particularly in the kidneys, liver, intestines, and placenta. Pathogenic bacteria were not identified in bacterial cultures of the liver. 相似文献
16.
Mukaratirwa S Nkulungo E Matenga E Bhebhe E 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2003,70(2):169-173
Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and Balb C mice were experimentally infected with Trichinella zimbabwensis to determine the effect of host age in the distribution of adult stages in the small intestines. The hamsters and mice were divided into two groups of young and old animals. Hamsters aged 90 days were designated as young and those aged 360 days were designated as old while mice of 30 days of age were designated as young and those aged 90 days as old. To recover the adult parasites of T. zimbabwensis, the small intestines of each animal were separated and divided into four equal parts and each part was slit open longitudinally. The contents were incubated in 0.85% saline for 4 h at 37 degrees C before the adult worms were recovered from the saline. They were fixed in 70% alcohol and counted under a dissecting microscope. In both young and old hamsters and mice, T. zimbabwensis adult worm counts were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the second segment of the intestines thus invariably reflecting a significantly high count (P < 0.05) in the first (anterior) half of the small intestines. From this study it was demonstrated that host-age had no effect on the distribution of T. zimbabwensis adult worms in the different segments of the small intestines of golden hamsters and Balb C mice. 相似文献
17.
本试验根据已知相近物种动物基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增获得中国地鼠线粒体D-loop基因序列。采用DNAStar软件计算序列碱基组成,分析遗传变异情况。用MEGA 4.1软件计算物种间遗传距离,采用邻接法(NJ)、最小进化法(ME)构建系统进化树。结果表明,中国地鼠线粒体D-loop区序列全长为867 bp,碱基A、T、C、G的含量分别为29.53%、31.49%、26.07%、12.92%,中国地鼠与啮齿类动物有相似的碱基组成。系统进化树结果显示,中国地鼠与金黄地鼠亲缘关系较近,与大鼠的关系最远,与传统的分类相一致。所获得的中国地鼠D-loop基因可作为种间遗传变异研究的标记,研究结果为进一步研究中国地鼠的群体遗传结构奠定了基础。 相似文献
18.
Tonui WK Mpoke SS Orago AS Turco SJ Mbati PA Mkoji GM 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2003,70(4):255-263
The efficacy of Leishmania donovani-derived lipophosphoglycan (LPG) plus Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as a vaccine candidate against visceral leishmaniosis in susceptible BALB/c mouse and Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) models was investigated. Following a triple vaccination with a total dose of 150 microl BCG plus 60 microg or 30 microg of LPG for hamsters and BALB/c mice respectively, there were no noticeable side effects both locally and systemically; implying that the molecule was safe at this dosage level. Vaccinated animals demonstrated an activation of both the humoral as well as cell-mediated responses to LPG, which correlated with resistance against the disease. Protection by LPG plus BCG, was however, poor as the remaining immunized animals showed disease progression leading to severity of the disease as illustrated by emaciation, mass loss and heavy splenic parasitaemia in hamsters. These data nevertheless suggest that it may be rewarding to further evaluate the potential of LPG as a vaccine candidate in leishmaniosis using other adjuvants, which may enhance its immunogenicity. 相似文献
19.
This study aimed to quantify differences in response to stress between two strains of Syrian hamsters to evaluate the consequences of domestication in this species by measuring behavioural traits in the open-field, adrenal gland masses (ADR), and faecal and blood corticosterone concentrations (CC). We studied a laboratory (lab)- and a wild-derived population (wild). The lab hamsters were significant heavier than the wild hamsters. The lab males had the highest ADR, and it was independent of their high body mass (BM). The ADR of lab females and wild hamsters was linearly dependent of BM. The lab males had the highest faecal and blood CC, whereas the lab females had the lowest CC. In the open field, the lab hamsters began later to groom, groomed shorter, groomed less frequently, began later to rear, reared longer and reared less frequently. In the lab population, females reared more often and groomed longer than males. The sex differences in the behaviours of the lab population and the differences between the populations mirror the differences neither in the ADR nor in the CC. The founder effect and the breeding history of lab Syrian hamsters are discussed as causes of the differences between the studied populations. 相似文献
20.
Kondo H Kimoto H Shibuya H Shirai W Matsuo K Sato T 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2007,54(1):27-29
Uterine leiomyosarcoma occurring spontaneously in a domestic golden hamster was examined histologically and immunohistochemically. The histological findings for this tumour were similar to those for leiomyosarcomas described in other species. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated the positivity of neoplastic cells with alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin. From the results mentioned above, the tumour of this case was revealed to be of smooth muscle origin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a uterine leiomyosarcoma in domestic golden hamsters. 相似文献