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1.
Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of receiving diets containing alfalfa meal and certain feed additives on performance of comingled feeder pigs transported 900 to 1,100 km. In Exp. 1, the inclusion of 9.4% dehydrated alfalfa meal in receiving diets for 2 wk resulted in no difference (P greater than .1) in gain or feed conversion from purchase to market compared with pigs fed a basal corn-soybean meal (CS) diet or a diet containing 20% ground whole oats (O). In Exp. 2, pigs fed receiving diets containing 10% dehydrated alfalfa meal had no improvement (P greater than .1) in gain (.60 vs .61 kg/d) or conversion (3.25 vs 3.17) compared with CS-fed pigs. In Exp. 3, pigs fed a receiving diet for 2 wk containing 10% mid-bloom alfalfa ate more (P less than .002) feed daily for 2 wk (.82 vs .76 kg) and overall (P less than .04; 1.92 vs 1.85 kg) and had an improved (P less than .03) daily gain from purchase to market (.61 vs .59 kg) compared with CS-fed pigs. In Exp. 2, pigs fed diets containing 44 mg/kg tylosin (T) gained similar to pigs fed no additive (O) and slower (P less than .01) than pigs fed 110 mg/kg chlortetracycline (CTC; .59, .60 and .63 kg/d), with no significant differences in feed to gain conversion (3.12, 3.23 and 3.18).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

2.
Three growth experiments were conducted to assess the effect of fumaric acid (FA) supplementation on the performance of pigs fed different types of diets. These 4-wk experiments involved 550 crossbred pigs weaned at 30 +/- 3 d of age. Pigs in Exp. 1 were fed either a simple corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet or a 75% corn-SBM, 25% dried skim milk (DSM) diet. Zero, 2, or 3% FA were added to the diets to create a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Supplementing diets with DSM improved gain (P less than .05) and gain/feed (P less than .001). Fumaric acid addition improved efficiency of feed utilization (P less than .01). Experiment 2 was conducted to evaluate the effect of protein source (casein or soy protein concentrate [SPC]) on the response to 3% FA. Sodium bicarbonate (BCB; 2.75%) was added to one diet containing casein and FA to negate the effect of FA on growth performance. Addition of FA improved gain and feed efficiency (P less than .05) during the first 2 wk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

3.
Four growth experiments were conducted to assess the effects of organic acid supplementation on performance of starter and finisher pigs. Three 4-wk starter experiments utilized 392 pigs fed simple corn-soybean meal diets. A fourth experiment employed 135 finisher pigs in a 6-wk study. Each of the starter experiments was initiated immediately after weaning; piglets were 30 +/- 3 d of age. In Exp. 1, weanling pigs fed a 19% crude protein, simple corn-soybean meal diet were compared with pigs fed similar diets supplemented with 2% propionic, fumaric, or citric acid. Addition of each acid improved (P less than .07) efficiency of gain, while propionate depressed (P less than .05) feed intake. Additions of 1, 2, 3 or 4% fumarate were made in Exp. 2, resulting in linear daily gain and feed efficiency improvements (P less than .05). In Exp. 3, a possible protein-sparing effect of fumaric acid was investigated. Increasing protein levels from 16 to 20% improved daily gain (P less than .01) and feed efficiency (P less than .0001); fumarate supplementation (2%) increased (P less than .01) gain:feed. However, there was no protein X fumaric acid interaction. In Exp. 4, no treatment effects were noted with performance of finisher pigs fed a 14% crude protein, corn-soybean meal diet was compared with that of pigs fed similar diets supplemented with 1.5 or 3% fumaric acid.  相似文献   

4.
Four experiments were conducted to determine the effect of Cu source and level and an antimicrobial agent on performance of nursery (6 to 25 kg) and growing (20 to 65 kg) pigs. Copper was fed either as CuSO4.5H2O (CS), inorganic chelated Cu (ICC) or organic chelated Cu (OCC) to provide 31.25 to 250 ppm supplemental Cu. In Exp. 1, 224 pigs were used to study Cu source and level added to nursery diets. No difference (P less than .05) among treatments was observed during the nursery period. Treatments were continued the first 56 d of the growing-finishing period. Regardless of the Cu source, pigs receiving 125 ppm added Cu gained faster (P less than .05) than pigs in other treatments. In Exp. 2, 216 pigs were used to determine the optimum level of CS and ICC in nursery diets. Pigs were less efficient (P less than .01) when Cu was added at 62.5 and 125 ppm than at 250 ppm (1.69, 1.72 and 1.59, feed/gain respectively). In Exp. 3, no differences (P greater than .05) in performance between sources or among levels of Cu were found. In Exp. 4, 216 pigs were utilized to determine the combined effects of Cu source and an antimicrobial on performance. Pigs fed ICC were less efficient (P less than .01) than pigs fed either OCC or CS (1.99, 1.85 and 1.90, respectively). The inorganic and organic chelated Cu compounds used in these studies were not more efficacious than CS for nursery or growing pigs.  相似文献   

5.
Two experiments, each with 36 barrows with high-lean-gain potential, were conducted to evaluate apparent nutrient digestibilities and performance and plasma metabolites of pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets (CONTROL) and low-protein diets. The low-protein diets were supplemented with crystalline lysine, threonine, tryptophan, and methionine either on an ideal protein basis (IDEAL) or in a pattern similar to that of the control diet (AACON). Amino acids were added on a true ileally digestible basis. The initial and final BW were, respectively, 31.5 and 82.3 kg in Exp. 1 and 32.7 and 57.1 kg in Exp. 2. In Exp. 1, the CONTROL and IDEAL diets were offered on an ad libitum basis or by feeding 90 or 80% of ad libitum intake. Pigs were fed for 55 d. In Exp. 2, the CONTROL, IDEAL, and AACON diets were offered on an ad libitum basis or by feeding 80% of the ad libitum intake. Pigs were fed for 27 d. Pigs fed the CONTROL diet had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and feed efficiency (G/F) than pigs fed the IDEAL (Exp. 1 and 2) and AACON diets (Exp. 2). As the level of feed intake decreased, ADG decreased (P < 0.05), but G/F tended to improve (P < 0.10) for pigs fed 90% of ad libitum in Exp. 1 and for pigs fed 80% of ad libitum in Exp. 2. In Exp. 1, the apparent total tract digestibilities of DM and energy were greater (P < 0.01) for pigs fed the IDEAL diet than for pigs fed the CONTROL diet. In Exp. 2, the apparent total tract digestibility of protein was greatest in pigs fed the CONTROL diet (P < 0.05) and was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the AACON diet than in pigs fed the IDEAL diet. Plasma urea concentrations were lower in pigs fed the IDEAL diet than in pigs fed the CONTROL diet, regardless of feeding level. For pigs fed the CONTROL diet, plasma urea concentrations were lower when feed intake was 80% of ad libitum (diet level, P < 0.01). In summary, pigs fed the IDEAL and the AACON diets gained less and had lower plasma urea concentrations than pigs fed the CONTROL diet. Based on these data, it seems that the growth potential of pigs fed the IDEAL and AACON diets may have been limited by a deficiency of lysine, threonine, and(or) tryptophan and that the amino acid pattern(s) used was not ideal for these pigs.  相似文献   

6.
A 13-wk trial was conducted with 32 pigs to determine the effects of dietary Cu (250 ppm) and alpha-tocopheryl acetate (ATA, 22 IU/kg) on the performance, serum enzymes, serum and tissue tocopherols, and antibody production in growing pigs. Pigs were fed corn-soybean meal diets containing 21% CP the first 4 wk and 18% CP during the rest of the trial. All feed was stored a minimum of 14 d before it was fed. The addition of Cu decreased (P less than .01) the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in the feed. alpha-Tocopherol concentrations were less than .01 mg/kg in the starter diet and less than 2 mg/kg in the grower diet after 14 d of storage. Supplemental Cu or ATA had no effect on ADG, feed intake, or gain:feed during the first 4 wk. During wk 5 to 13, the addition of Cu to diets containing no ATA increased daily feed intake and decreased gain:feed, but with ATA addition, feed intake decreased and gain:feed increased, resulting in a Cu x ATA interaction (P less than .05). The addition of Cu or ATA had no effect (P greater than .1) on serum glutathione peroxidase or lactic dehydrogenase activity. Serum tocopherols were reduced (P less than .05) by the addition of Cu during wk 1 to 4, 6 (P less than .01), and 7 (P less than .05) and increased (P less than .01) by ATA addition during the entire experiment. The addition of ATA increased the tocopherol concentrations in bile, ham, heart, pancreas, kidney, spleen, liver, psoas and longissimus muscle (P less than .01), kidney fat, backfat, and adrenal gland (P less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

7.
Three experiments were conducted to estimate the lysine requirement of the weanling pig and the effects of excess arginine and threonine on that estimate. Feeding 1.15% dietary lysine in Exp. 1 and 1.20% in Exp. 2 maximized feed efficiency and resulted in the lowest plasma urea N values. Adding .15% threonine to the diets in Exp. 2 did not affect (P greater than .10) performance of the pigs, but increased (P less than .01) plasma urea N and decreased (P less than .01) plasma lysine concentrations. Supplemental arginine (.22%) did not affect performance of the growing pigs in Exp. 3, but it increased (P less than .01) plasma urea N. Pigs fed a corn-soybean meal diet utilized feed more efficiently (P less than .05) than those fed a corn-fish meal-dried whey diet. The most likely cause for this response was that the corn-soybean diet contained more lysine (.82%) than expected, whereas the corn-fish meal-dried whey diet had close to the expected content of lysine (.72%). From these results, it was concluded that the lysine requirement of the weanling pig fed practical diets is at least 1.15 or 1.20% of the diet. Also, added arginine or threonine did not adversely affect the performance of pigs.  相似文献   

8.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feeding reduced-CP, AA-supplemented diets at two ambient temperatures (Exp. 1) or three levels of dietary NE (Exp. 2) on pig performance and carcass composition. In Exp. 1, 240 mixed-sex pigs were used to test whether projected differences in heat increment associated with diet composition affect pig performance. There were 10 replications of each treatment with four pigs per pen. For the 28-d trial, average initial and final BW were 28.7 kg and 47.5 kg, respectively. Pigs were maintained in a thermoneutral (23 degrees C) or heat-stressed (33 degrees C) environment and fed a 16% CP diet, a 12% CP diet, or a 12% CP diet supplemented with crystalline Lys, Trp, and Thr (on an as-fed basis). Pigs gained at similar rates when fed the 16% CP diet or the 12% CP diet supplemented with Lys, Trp, and Thr (P > 0.10). Pigs fed the 12% CP, AA-supplemented diet had a gain:feed similar to pigs fed the 16% CP diet when housed in the 23 degrees C environment but had a lower gain:feed in the 33 degrees C environment (diet x temperature, P < 0.01). In Exp. 2, 702 gilts were allotted to six treatments with nine replicates per treatment. Average initial and final BW were 25.3 and 109.7 kg, respectively. Gilts were fed two levels of CP (high CP with minimal crystalline AA supplementation or low CP with supplementation of Lys, Trp, Thr, and Met) and three levels of NE (high, medium, or low) in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. A four-phase feeding program was used, with diets containing apparent digestible Lys levels of 0.96, 0.75, 0.60, and 0.48% switched at a pig BW of 41.0, 58.8, and 82.3 kg, respectively. Pigs fed the low-CP, AA-supplemented diets had rates of growth and feed intake similar to pigs fed the high-CP diets. Dietary NE interacted with CP level for gain:feed (P < 0.06). A decrease in dietary NE from the highest NE level decreased gain:feed in pigs fed the high-CP diet; however, gain:feed declined in pigs fed the low-CP, AA-supplemented diet only when dietary NE was decreased to the lowest level. There was a slight reduction in longissimus area in pigs fed the low-CP diets (P < 0.08), but other estimates of carcass muscle did not differ (P > 0.10). These data suggest that pigs fed low-CP, AA-supplemented diets have performance and carcass characteristics similar to pigs fed higher levels of CP and that alterations in dietary NE do not have a discernible effect on pig performance or carcass composition.  相似文献   

9.
Growing male Synthetic I (1/2 Finnish Landrace x 1/4 Dorset x 1/4 Rambouillet) lambs were used in two experiments (64 lambs in Exp. 1 and 63 in Exp. 2) to test the hypothesis that dietary CP level (9 or 14% of diet as fed) and(or) clinoptilolite (clino; 0 or 2% of diet) affects growth and tissue mineral concentrations of growing lambs fed supplemental Cu. Lambs were individually fed their respective diets ad libitum and killed after 12 wk (Exp. 1) or 16 wk (Exp. 2) to obtain carcass measurements, organ weights and liver mineral concentrations. In Exp. 1, 20 ppm added Cu (as CuSO4.5H2O) increased mortality and depressed BW gain (P less than .01) and daily feed intake (P less than .05) in the presence or absence of clino and at both levels of CP. Liver Cu concentration was greater (P less than .01) in lambs fed added Cu than in those not fed Cu (408 ppm vs 110 ppm, respectively). Neither CP nor clino affected liver Cu concentration. Clinoptilolite increased daily gain of lambs fed high CP but not low CP (P less than .01). In Exp. 2, clino in the diet had no effect on daily gain or daily feed, but 20 ppm Cu addition depressed daily gain (P less than .01) and gain/feed (P less than .07). Organ weights and levels of trace elements other than Cu in the liver generally were not affected by diet in either experiment. It is concluded that high dietary CP or 2% dietary clino did not protect against toxic signs of Cu when Cu was added to the basal diet (10 ppm Cu) at 10 or 20 ppm.  相似文献   

10.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) fed at two levels of Cu on growth and feed efficiency of weanling and growing-finishing pigs, as well as the effect on the immunocompetence of weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, 216 barrows (6 kg of BW and 18 d of age) were penned in groups of six (9 pens/treatment). Dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial consisting of two levels of Cu (basal level or 175 ppm supplemental Cu) with and without MOS (0.2%). Diets were fed from d 0 to 38 after weaning. Blood samples were obtained to determine lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. From d 0 to 10, ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed (G:F) increased when MOS was added to diets containing the basal level of Cu, but decreased when MOS was added to diets containing 175 ppm supplemental Cu (interaction, P < 0.01, P < 0.10, and P < 0.05, respectively). Pigs fed diets containing 175 ppm Cu from d 10 to 24 and d 24 to 38 had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI than those fed the basal level of Cu regardless of MOS addition. Pigs fed diets containing MOS from d 24 to 38 had greater ADG (P < 0.05) and G:F (P < 0.10) than those fed diets devoid of MOS. Lymphocyte proliferation was not altered by dietary treatment. In Exp. 2, 144 pigs were divided into six pigs/pen (six pens/treatment). Dietary treatments were fed throughout the starter (20 to 32 kg BW), grower (32 to 68 kg BW), and finisher (68 to 106 kg BW) phases. Diets consisted of two levels of Cu (basal level or basal diet + 175 ppm in starter and grower diets and 125 ppm in finisher diets) with and without MOS (0.2% in starter, 0.1% in grower, and 0.05% in finisher). Pigs fed supplemental Cu had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F during the starter and grower phases compared to pigs fed the basal level of Cu. During the finisher phase, ADG increased when pigs were fed MOS in diets containing the basal level of Cu, but decreased when MOS was added to diets supplemented with 125 ppm Cu (interaction, P < 0.05). Results from this study indicate the response of weanling pigs fed MOS in phase 1 varied with level of dietary Cu. However, in phase 2 and phase 3, diets containing either MOS or 175 ppm Cu resulted in improved performance. Pharmacological Cu addition improved gain and efficiency during the starter and grower phases in growing-finishing pigs, while ADG response to the addition of MOS during the finisher phase seems to be dependent upon the level of Cu supplementation.  相似文献   

11.
Two experiments involving a total of 581 crossbred pigs weaned at 23 +/- 2 d of age evaluated 1) the efficacy of two diets that contained milk products during the initial 14 d postweaning and 2) the effect of coconut oil or soybean oil additions to swine starter diets. In Exp. 1, postweaning performance responses of pigs fed a control corn-soybean meal-dried whey (C-SBM-DW) diet without added fat were compared with those of pigs consuming diets that contained 3, 6, or 9% levels of coconut oil or degummed soybean oil. The results demonstrated no beneficial weight gain, feed intake, or gain-to-feed ratio response during the initial 14 d postweaning to either dietary oil source. From 15 to 35 d, gains increased to the 6% added fat level, but there was no effect on feed intake when the gain-to-feed ratio was improved to the 9% fat level. In Exp. 2, two diets containing milk products were fed during the initial 14-d postweaning period. The first diet contained corn, soybean meal, dried whey, dried skim milk, and fishmeal (high nutrient dense diet, HNDD), and the second was a C-SBM diet with 25% dried whey. During the period from 15 to 35 d, diets contained no added fat or a 6% level of coconut oil, soybean oil, or the 1:1 combination of each at 3%. The results demonstrated that for the postweaning period from 0 to 14 d pigs fed the HNDD had higher gains (P less than .01), feed intakes (P less than .01), and gain-to-feed ratios (P less than .01) than pigs fed the C-SBM-DW diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

12.
A 2 x 3 factorial experiment, encompassing three 28-d trials involving a total of 420 weanling pigs, was conducted to determine the effect of dietary Cu (5 or 250 ppm) and animal fat (0, 2.5, or 5%) on the performance and serum fatty acid profiles of weanling pigs. Pigs had ad libitum access to corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 10% whey and 5% fish meal and similar lysine:calorie ratios. Pigs were weighed and pen feed intakes were recorded weekly. Weekly blood samples were collected during the first two trials (n = 270) for serum fatty acid analysis. There was a Cu x fat interaction for ADG from d 1 to 14 (P less than .07) and over the 28-d experiment (P less than .05). The ADG of pigs fed 250 ppm of Cu increased, whereas the ADG of pigs fed 5 ppm of Cu was not affected as dietary fat increased. The addition of 250 ppm of CU increased (P less than .01) ADFI throughout the 28-d experiment. The addition of fat quadratically increased ADG (P less than .05) during d 14 to 28 and gain:feed ratios (P less than .01) during d 14 to 28 and over the 28-d experiment. The addition of fat decreased (P less than .05) the weight percentage of serum saturated fatty acids and increased (P less than .01) the weight percentage of serum monounsaturated fatty acids on d 28. The addition of 250 ppm of Cu decreased (P less than .01) the weight percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids on d 14 and 28.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

13.
Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that supplementing nursery pig diets with a mixture of carbohydrases (CS) will improve pig performance and nutrient digestibility. The CS used in these experiments contained 7 units/g of alpha-1,6-galactosidase, 22 units/g of beta-1,4-mannanase, beta-1,4 mannosidase, and trace amounts of other enzymes. In Exp. 1, 108 pigs weaned at d 21 of age were fed one of three diets containing 0 (control), 0.1, or 0.2% CS for 5 wk, based on a three-phase feeding program (1, 2, and 2 wk). Over the entire 35-d period, ADG was not affected (P > 0.05) by treatment, but supplementing 0.1% CS increased (P < 0.05) gain:feed by 9%. Experiment 2 used 10 gilts fitted with simple T-cannula in the terminal ileum at 3 wk of age. After cannulation, pigs were fed the same control Phase I and II diets, but the Phase III diet contained either 0 or 0.1% CS. Ileal samples were collected for the 3 d following the 5-d adjustment period during Phase III. Apparent ileal digestibility of GE, lysine, threonine, and tryptophan was greater (P < 0.05) in the CS diet. In Exp. 3, 90 pigs weaned at 21 d of age were fed the same control Phase I and II diets, but the Phase III diet contained either 0 or 0.1% CS. Phase III diets were fed for 3 wk. Average daily gain of the CS group was greater (P < 0.05) than the control group during wk 3. Gain:feed ratio was greater (P < 0.05) for the carbohydrase group during the entire Phase III period. Four pigs per treatment were killed at the end of Exp. 3 to measure villus height and to determine the concentration of raffinose and stachyose in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Average villus height was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the CS diet. Carbohydrase supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of stachyose in freeze-dried digesta from the proximal and distal small intestine. Raffinose concentration, on the other hand, was decreased (P < 0.05) by CS supplementation only in the distal small intestine. These lower concentrations suggest that CS improved the digestibility of carbohydrate in soybean meal. In conclusion, the addition of CS to Phase I and Phase II nursery diets containing low levels of soybean meal did not improve pig performance, but its addition to corn-soybean meal-based Phase III nursery diets improved gain:feed ratio and energy and AA digestibility.  相似文献   

14.
Zinc-amino acid complexes for swine   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of sources of dietary zinc on gain, feed conversion and blood and bone traits of swine. In the first experiment 96 pigs were used in a 28-d study. The pigs were fed diets with no supplemental Zn or with either 9 or 12 ppm supplemental Zn from zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), zinc methionine (ZnMet) or zinc methionine with picolinic acid (ZnMet w/PA), each with or without 5% added corn oil. There were differences (P less than .05) in average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) between the pigs fed the two organic Zn sources, with those fed ZnMet w/PA showing the better gains and feed conversion. However, neither organic Zn source resulted in pig performance that was different from either the diet with no supplemental Zn or the diets supplemented with Zn from ZnSO4. In the second experiment the same dietary Zn sources and treatments were fed as in Exp. 1 except that corn oil was deleted as a variable. No differences in ADG, ADFI, feed/gain (F/G) or in changes in serum Zn or Cu were observed among treatments during either the 21-d nursery or the 56-d growing periods. During the subsequent 56-d finishing period ADG and ADFI were greater (P less than .01) for pigs fed the Zn-supplemented diets than for those fed the diets without supplemental Zn. There were no differences among treatments in F/G during the finishing period. Zn content of bone ash was lower (P less than .01) in the non-Zn-supplemented pigs. These data suggest that the Zn sources used are of similar biological value and do not support the theory that picolinic acid aids Zn absorption.  相似文献   

15.
Two pig experiments were conducted using a methionine (Met)-deficient feather meal-corn-soybean meal basal diet (13% CP; 3,400 kcal ME/kg diet, .126% Met, 456% cystine) supplemented with an amino acid mixture (lysine, tryptophan, histidine, threonine and phenylalanine) to determine the Met requirement of finishing pigs between 50 and 80 kg live weight. Using young chicks in a Met bioavailability growth assay and cecectomized adult cockerels in a Met digestibility assay, the Met-deficient basal diet was found to contain .115% bioavailable and .110% digestible Met. These results gave a bioavailability estimate (relative to DL-Met set at 100%) of 91.3 +/- 2.5% and a true digestibility estimate of 87.0 +/- 2.2% for Met in the basal pig diet. In Exp. 1, 21 crossbred pigs averaging 61 kg initially were individually fed diets containing .115, .165 or .215% bioavailable Met for 21 d. Average daily gain and gain:feed ratio increased quadratically (P less than .05) as level of Met increased. In Exp. 2, 30 crossbred pigs averaging 53 kg were individually fed diets containing .115, .135, .155, .175 or .195% bioavailable Met for 27 d. Daily gain and gain;feed ratio responded linearly (P less than .01) as Met level increased. Based on the results of Exp. 2, the bioavailable Met requirement of finishing pigs in the weight range 50 to 80 kg was estimated to be .182% of the diet. Assuming an 88% bioavailability of Met in commercial diets based on corn and soybean meal, the total Met level needed in practice would be .207%. If 55% of the finishing pig's sulfur amino acid need can be furnished by cystine, the total sulfur amino acid requirement would be .45% of the diet.  相似文献   

16.
Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of diet and the administration of H2-antagonists in feed on gastric ulcer formation and performance of growing-finishing swine. Pigs receiving a finely ground diet (less than lmm) grew faster (.73 vs .68 kg/d, P less than .01) and had better feed utilization (3.47 vs 3.76, P less than .01) than pigs receiving a cracked corn-based diet. Incidence of ulcers in the esophageal region of the stomach of pigs fed the finely ground diet was greater (P less than .01) than in pigs fed cracked corn. The average daily gain of pigs receiving the finely ground diet was inversely related to ulcer incidence (r = .403, P less than .01, df = 59). The addition of 5, 10, 20 or 100 ppm of the H2-antagonist, metiamide, or 6, 18 or 54 ppm of SK&F 93479 to the finely ground diet did not improve pig performance or affect the incidence of gastric ulceration. The addition of 2, 6 and 18 ppm of SK&F 93479 to a corn-soy diet containing 4.5% alfalfa meal caused a reduction in gastric ulceration (P less than .05) and improved feed utilization by 3.2% (P less than .05). These data suggest that finely ground diets improve the performance of growing-finishing swine, but increase the incidence of ulcers in the esophageal region of the stomach. Severe gastric ulceration adversely affects swine performance. Feeding H2-antagonists does not reduce the ulcerogenic properties of finely ground diets, suggesting factors other than gastric acid secretion are involved in ulcerogenesis. The use of H2-antagonists in corn-soy diets improves feed utilization and reduces ulceration.  相似文献   

17.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of feed and water restriction and receiving diet crude protein level on feeder pig performance. In Exp. 1, a total of 239 commingled feeder pigs transported over 1,000 km were used in two trials. Pigs given access to feed and water (FW) at the market weighed more (P less than .0001) following marketing and transport than pigs given no feed and water (N) for the comparable 25-h market period (20.7 vs 19.6 kg). While FW pigs weighed less (P less than .02) than N pigs at the conclusion of the trials (93.9 vs 96.6 kg), there was no effect (P greater than .1) on overall average daily gain (.32 vs .35). There were no effects of receiving diets containing 12, 16 or 20% crude protein on daily gain, daily feed intake or feed efficiency for the overall growing-finishing period. Scour scores on d 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 14 post-arrival increased (P less than .01) with increased levels of protein in the receiving diets. In Exp. 2, a total of 360 crossbred feeder pigs was mixed and moved from a nursery to grower-finisher facilities in three trials, given feed and water access immediately (FWG) or denied access for 44 h (NG). At the end of the 44-h period, FWG pigs were heavier than NG pigs (P less than .0001; 18.3 vs 16.7 kg). There was no treatment effect on overall pig weight, daily gain or feed efficiency.  相似文献   

18.
Nutritional value of quality protein maize for starter and finisher swine.   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
Growth trials with starter (n = 120, 6.8 kg initially, 28 d of age, Exp. 1) and finisher (n = 70, 59 kg initially, Exp. 2) pigs were conducted to compare quality protein maize (QPM, .40% lysine) and normal corn (.31% lysine) in simple corn-based diets containing the same levels of soybean meal. In Exp. 1, pig performance was similar (P greater than .10) on all diets, regardless of the level of soybean meal, suggesting that QPM and normal corn have similar feeding value in lysine-adequate (.99 to 1.11%) diets. In Exp. 2, less soybean meal was needed in QPM than in normal corn diets to maximize performance; increasing soybean meal from 10.8 to 13.8% improved rate (P less than .05) and efficiency (P less than .01) of gain of pigs fed normal corn diets but had no effect on performance of pigs fed QPM diets. A QPM-based diet containing 6% soybean meal and supplemental lysine and tryptophan failed to maximize feed efficiency, but growth rate was equal to that obtained on the normal corn diet with 13.8% soybean meal. The apparent fecal digestibility of GE and ileal digestibility of N were similar for QPM and normal corn, but apparent ileal digestibility of most essential amino acids was slightly higher for QPM (Exp. 3). Experiment 4 compared apparent digestibilities of QPM, conventional opaque-2 corn and two high-protein corns. Digestibilities differed (P less than .05) among the corns, but the absolute differences were small and were likely due to differences in amino acid content of the corns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

19.
Three experiments were conducted with 288 weanling pigs to determine the effects of sorbic acid (SA) added to dry (DSG), high moisture (HMSG) or reconstituted (RSG) sorghum grain diets on gains and feed conversion. Dietary treatments for Exp. 1 were: DSG with and without .1% SA; HMSG with .1% SA and RSG with .1% SA. The DSG diets were fed ad libitum. The HMSG and RSG diets were mixed fresh from oxygen-limiting storage every 3 and 7 d and were also fed ad libitum. Pigs fed RSG diets consumed more feed than those fed HMSG diets (P less than .08). Performance was similar between pigs fed DSG diets without or with SA. Dietary treatments for Exp. 2 and 3 consisted of sorghum grains reconstituted to two moisture contents (MC), with additions of either 0, .05 or .1% SA. The diets were mixed fresh from oxygen-limiting storage every 7 d and fed ad libitum. In Exp. 2 and 3, pigs fed the higher MC diets were more efficient in feed conversion (P less than .03) than those fed the lower MC diets. In Exp. 3, a quadratic response (P less than .04) for average daily gain and average daily feed intake was observed for the main effect of SA. Feed efficiency improved (P less than .05) in a linear fashion as SA levels were increased in the diets. The results of these experiments indicate that weanling pigs may be fed HMSG or RSG without adverse effects on pig performance. Inconsistencies in pig response to SA were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

20.
Four experiments with 1,040 weanling pigs (17 +/- 2 d of age at weaning) were conducted to evaluate the effects of spray-dried animal plasma source, drying technique, and methods of bacterial reduction on nursery pig performance. In Exp. 1, 180 barrows and gilts (initial BW 5.9 +/- 1.8 kg) were used to compare effects of animal plasma, animal plasma source, drying technique (spray-dried or freeze-dried), and plasma irradiation in nursery pig diets. From d 0 to 10, pigs fed diets containing irradiated spray-dried animal plasma had increased ADG and ADFI (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed diets containing nonirradiated spray-dried animal plasma. Pigs fed irradiated animal plasma Sources 1 and 2 were similar in ADG and ADFI, but pigs fed animal plasma Source 1 had greater ADG (P < 0.05) than pigs fed animal plasma Source 2 and pigs not fed plasma. Pigs fed freeze-dried animal plasma had growth performance similar (P > 0.36) to pigs fed spray-dried animal plasma. Overall (d 0 to 24), pigs fed irradiated spray-dried animal plasma were heavier (P < 0.05) than pigs fed no animal plasma, whereas pigs fed nonirradiated spray-dried plasma were intermediate. In Exp. 2, 325 barrows and gilts (initial BW 5.8 +/- 1.7 kg) were used to compare the effects of irradiation or formaldehyde treatment of animal plasma and formaldehyde treatment of the whole diet. Pigs fed diets containing irradiated animal plasma had greater ADG (P < 0.05) than pigs fed nonirradiated plasma. Pigs fed formaldehyde-treated plasma had greater ADG and ADFI (P < 0.05) than pigs fed diets with either nonirradiated plasma or whole diet treated with formaldehyde. In Exp. 3 (360 barrows and gilts; initial BW 6.3 +/- 2.7 kg) and Exp. 4 (175 barrows and gilts; initial BW 6.1 +/- 1.7 kg), the irradiation of feed (high bacteria) and food-grade (low bacteria) animal plasma in nursery pig diets was examined. Pigs fed irradiated feed-grade plasma Product 2 had increased ADG (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed nonirradiated plasma Product 2 and pigs fed the control diet without plasma. In Exp. 3 and 4, pigs fed irradiated food-grade plasma had growth performance similar to pigs fed nonirradiated food-grade plasma (P > 0.12). These studies indicate that bacterial reduction of feed-grade, but not food-grade animal plasma, improves nursery pig performance.  相似文献   

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