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1.
Organogenesis and terpenoid synthesis in Mentha arvensis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Leaf discs obtained from field grown plants of Mentha arvensis were used to initiate multiple shoots on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (5 mg l(-1)) and naphthaleneacetic acid (0.5 mg l(-1)). Profuse rooting was achieved when the well-grown shoots were cultured on half strength MS medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid (2 mg l(-1)). The regenerated plantlets were hardened and successfully transferred to soil and grown to maturity. Tissues at different stages of differentiation were analyzed for their essential oil content and characteristic monoterpene pattern. Tissue culture raised plants show the same essential oil profile as that of the parent plant. However, tissues at early stages of growth show distinct changes in oil composition, such as high levels of pulegone in shoot cultures. 相似文献
2.
《Fitoterapia》2013
Malabar glory lily (Gloriosa superba L.) is a medicinally potent plant species used for the production of alkaloid colchicine. With ever increasing demand, there is a pressing need to conserve it through biotechnological approaches. A large number of complete plantlets were obtained by direct regeneration from the non-dormant tuber explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 0.5 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Large number of plants can be produced in vitro under aseptic conditions, but there is always a danger of producing somaclonal variants by tissue culture technology. Thus, the genetic stability of micropropagated clones was evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis. During the study a total of 80 (50 RAPD and 30 ISSR) primers were screened, out of which 10 RAPD and 7 ISSR primers produced a total of 98 (49 RAPD and 49 ISSR) clear, distinct and reproducible amplicons. The amplification products of the regenerated plants showed similar banding patterns to that of the mother plant thus demonstrating the homogeneity of the micropropagated plants. This is the first report that evaluates the use of genetic markers to establish genetic fidelity of micropropagated G. superba using RAPD and ISSR, which can be successfully applied for the mass multiplication, germplasm conservation and further genetic transformation assays for colchicine production to meet the ever increasing demand of this medicinally potent plant for industrial and pharmaceutical uses. 相似文献
3.
Psychotria umbellata Vell. (Rubiaceae), a Brazilian coastal woody species, produces umbellatine (also known as psychollatine), an analgesic indole alkaloid. An in vitro embryogenic regeneration protocol capable of yielding alkaloid-accumulating plants was developed. Rhizogenic calli, which were obtained from stem segments derived from rooted apical cuttings, were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium containing either 1 mg l(-1) NAA (naphthalene acetic acid) and no kinetin, or 5 mg l(-1) NAA + 1 mg l(-1) kinetin. Calli did not accumulate umbellatine. Segments of rhizogenic callus were cultured on complete MS medium with various concentrations of kinetin and sucrose. Plant regeneration was best in the light with 0.25 mg l(-1) of kinetin and 1.5% sucrose. After 3 months of acclimatization in soil mixture, plant survival was 81%. Leaves of 10-month-old regenerated plants yielded umbellatine concentrations equivalent to those of adult forest-grown plants. 相似文献
4.
In vitro flowering of green and albino Dendrocalamus latiflorus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To propagate Dendrocalamus latiflorus, we used in vivo inflorescences to produce calli on Murashige and Skoog basal (MS) medium supplemented with 3 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D), 2 mg/l kinetin, 250 mg/l polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and 1% coconut milk. Multiple shoots were generated on
MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l thidiazuron (TDZ). The green plantlets were successfully transferred to soil. Multiple
albino shoots also regenerated and were able to proliferate on medium containing cytokinins, especially TDZ. Albino multiple
shoots rooted in medium containing α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and callus formation was observed in the presence of 2,4-D
and picloram. Green and albino regenerates flowered after 8 months of subculture. The flowering ratio increased to 44% after
three treatments in medium containing 1 mg/l TDZ. Morphological observations revealed that the in vitro green and albino flower
organs were normal. However, pollen derived from the in vitro flowers of both the green and albino plants were sterile. 相似文献
5.
Synthetic seed has become a proficient tool that facilitates conservation as well as mass propagation of elite plant species by encapsulating somatic embryo or meristem tissue. Inclusion of meristematic tissues instead of somatic embryos hastens widespread utilization of this technology in recent years. Synseeds offer short term conservation of germplasms, provide readily available tissue source for easy mass propagation where each synseeds can virtually act as zygotic seeds giving rise to plantlets. This is the first report on synseed production following the confirmation of the genetic homogeneity in regenerated plantlets of Balanites aegyptiaca Del. (L.) using ISSR marker system. In this study, nodal segments, excised from in vitro proliferated shoot cultures developed from mother plant, were encapsulated in calcium alginate beads and the finest gel complexation was achieved using 3 % sodium alginate and 100 mM CaCl2·2H2O. Maximum percent response (80 %) for conversion of encapsulated nodal segments into plantlets was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 12.5 μM benzyladenine and 1.0 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid. Encapsulated nodal segments could be stored at low temperature (4 °C) up to 4 weeks with a survival frequency of 82 %. The regenerated shoots were rooted on half strength MS medium augmented with 1.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid. Well-developed plantlets regenerated from encapsulated nodal segments were acclimatized successfully with 90 % survival frequency. Fingerprinting profiles of the regenerated plantlets derived from synseeds and the donor plant were generated using a total of 20 ISSR primers, of which 14 primers produced distinct, reproducible amplified products. A total of 158 scorable bands were obtained from the complete amalgamation of primers and plantlets and 98.7 % bands were monomorphic across the plantlets which indicate that this micropropagated line derived from synseed is genetically stable and demonstrates the reliability of our protocol for short term conservation, germplasm exchange and distribution of identical plants. 相似文献
6.
Särkilahti E 《Tree physiology》1988,4(2):173-179
Tetraploid plantlets were regenerated from cultured apical and axillary buds of a 23-year-old colchicine-polyploid and irradiation-mutant Betula pendula Roth tree. Bud explants were grown on modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2.0 mg l(-1) benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.01 mg l(-1) 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The medium allowed both induction of adventitious buds and development of shoots. The cut ends of new shoots produced new buds and shoots during a 4-week culture period. The micropropagated shoots were rooted on modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0.1 mg l(-1) NAA as the sole growth regulator. Plantlets were transferred to a peat/soil mixture (1:1) in the greenhouse, acclimated and then transplanted to a cold frame. The regenerated plantlets had a tetraploid chromosome set (4n = 56) and an altered leaf morphology typical of colchicine-polyploid birches. The leaves were hypertrophied and asymmetrical, with curly leaf margins. The mutant nature of the parent tree was also evident in the light-green color of the leaves of the plantlets. 相似文献
7.
8.
Embryogenic callus ofQuercus acutissima was successfully induced from embryogenic cultures, and plants were regenerated from the callus. The development of the techniques
involved will allow mass propagation and gene transformation in this species. Embryogenic cultures were formed from embryonic
axis explants (i.e., embryos without cotyledons) excised from immature embryos, after culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing indolebutyric
acid and benzyladenine. Attempts to induce embryogenic cultures from cotyledon explants were unsuccessful. Embryogenic calli
were induced at high frequency from embryogenic cultures on MS medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. However,
benzyladenine inhibited embryogenic callus formation. Somatic embryo development from embryogenic calli occurred on MS medium
in all of the seven cell lines tested. Germination of somatic embryos was induced on half strength MS medium without plant
growth regulators. Finally, acclimated plants growing in soil were obtained. 相似文献
9.
Protoplasts were isolated from the leaves of sterile plants ofPopulus euphratica Oliv. by using 1% Cellulase “Onozuka” RS and 0.25% Pectolyase Y-23 in 0.6m of mannitol solution. Protoplasts were cultured in modified Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium which contained no ammonium
ions but was supplemented with BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid), and 1% sucrose at the
cell density of 9×104/ml. Cell divisions occurred in every culture medium, especially in the medium containing 0.5 mg/l of BAP and 0.1 mg/l of
2,4-D, in which callus was successfully induced by successive culture through cell cluster formation. Shoots were regenerated
from the callus, and their growth was enhanced on 1/2 MS medium containing 0.8 mg/l of BAP. Finally, shoots were rooted and
plantlets were regenerated on 1/2 MS medium without a hormone.
A part of this paper was presented at the 106th Annual Meeting of the Jpn. For. Soc. (1995). 相似文献
10.
Prolific and rapid in vitro plant organogenesis via direct regeneration has been obtained from axenic seedling-derived petiole and leaf explants of Ficus religiosa in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations of cytokinins in combination with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). MS medium with 1.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine plus 0.15 mg/l IBA produced the highest shoot induction frequency with an average of 6.26 and 10.13 shoots per leaf and petiole explants, respectively. After 4 weeks, the highest root formation frequency (96.7%), root number (5.73), and root length (4.76 cm) were with MS medium containing 2.0 mg/l IBA plus 0.1 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid. In addition, the effect of four sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatments on acclimatization was also studied. Highest morphological traits such as survival rates, fresh and dry root weights as well as antioxidant enzymatic activities such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase was achieved with 125 ppm SNP. The α-amino acid, proline, content was highest with this treatment while the highest H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) was in the controls. This study introduces a cost-effective, prolific, and efficient in vitro multiplication system to supply pharmaceutical and ornamental needs. It is the first report of an in vitro organogenesis protocol for F. religiosa by direct regeneration through axenic seedling-derived petiole and leaf explants, which can be efficiently employed for the utilization of active biomolecules. 相似文献
11.
Zhao Peng Dong Zhan-yuan Sun Hong-bin Zhao Ju-ying Wang Hua-fang College of Biological Sciences Biotechnology Beijing Forestry University Beijing P. R. China Ecology & Environment College Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot P. R. China Alashan Australian Affairs Office Bayanhaote P. R. China Institute of Forestry of Alashan Inner Mongolia Alashan P. R. China 《中国林学(英文版)》2006,8(4):10-14
The purpose of our study was to establish a regeneration system for micropropagation of Populus euphratica Olivier. On the basis of an analysis of plant leaf mineral nutrients, a special medium was proposed, called MP2. In optimizing media for in vitro plant cultures including MS, B5 and MP2 media we employed hormones, auxin IAA, cytokine benzyladenine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA) in our factorial experiments on media. Adventitious shoots were derived from cuttings of adult plants taken from Xingjiang, west China, on selected media with MP2 0.5 mg·L-1 BA 0.1 mg·L-1 NAA. The shoots were elongated on a medium with 0.25 mg·L-1 BAP, 0.1 mg·L-1 NAA and 2 mg·L-1 GA and were then rooted on a medium with 0.2-0.5 mg·L-1 IBA. All the media were incorporated with 30 g·L-1 sucrose and an adjusted pH at 6.3. 相似文献
12.
Micropropagation of loblolly pine by somatic organogenesis andRAPD analysis of regenerated plantlets
IntroductionOrganogenesis and somatic embryogenesis haveben regarded as the in vitro system of choice withthe Pbtenhal for eventual mass propagation of superior and gen6tically engineering forest tree genotypesIn both conal6rous and hardwood (Gupts et al. 1991,Becwar et al. 1995). Somatic embryogenesis andorganeqenesis have been induced from more than 30ired speCies in conifers, but plant regeneration viaSOmahc embryogenesis and organogenesis remainsdffeutt cd a low rqeneration frequency (A… 相似文献
13.
《Fitoterapia》1999,70(4):407-411
Production of Solanum nigrum and S. nigrum var. judaicum plants with a high power of alkaloid accumulation was the aim of in vitro regeneration trials followed by in vivo plant acclimatization. MS-basal medium containing BA and NAA (0.5 mg/ml each) was the best for both plants. A series of in vitro and in vivo plants were successfully produced and chemical analysis revealed contents of glycoalkaloids higher than those reported for intact field plants. 相似文献
14.
15.
近年来,已发展出遗传转化高等植物的一些新技术,其中有些技术如脂质体融合,微注射技术和电击导入都是基于动物细胞培养方面的工作,而另一些技术是来自于植物界独特的天然转化系统,其中包括已知能遗传转化高等植物的农杆菌(Agrobacterium)的二个种,即致瘤农杆菌(A.tumefaciens)和发根农杆菌(A.rhizogenes),这二个种都能够将其致病质粒Ti或Ri所携带的DNA序列(T-DNA)插入到双子叶植物细胞核基因组中。pTi诱发寄主产生根基肿瘤,pRi诱发寄主产生毛状根。二者的差别可能是毛状根可以从毛状根培养物获得具有完整的T-DNA序列的有生育能力的再生植株,而从致病农杆菌(A.tumefaciens)菌株所诱发的肿瘤很难获得再生植株。因此,利用发根农杆菌(A.rhizogenes)pRi作为遗传转化高等植物的基因克隆载体的研究和应用日益受到重视。 相似文献
16.
Rosmarinic acid (RA) was obtained from Zataria multiflora tops' extract and its structure was confirmed by spectroscopic methods. Various in vitro cultures were established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) or Modified Tobacco (MT) medium containing growth hormones. The results indicated that cultures of Z. multiflora biosynthesize RA (55-355 mg/100 g dry wt.) and the highest accumulation were reached on MT media containing NAA 2 mg/l. 相似文献
17.
The present study describes an efficient method for in vitro plant regeneration in B. arundinacea through axillary shoot bud proliferation. Nodal explants were excised, cultured on MS medium containing different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KIN) (0.5–5.0 mg l?1) alone and/or in combinations with KIN/BAP (0.5 mg l?1). The highest frequency (91.5 %) of multiple shoot bud induction with maximum number of shoots (85 shoots/explant) was noticed on MS medium + 3.0 mg l?1 BAP + 0.5 mg l?1 KIN. The regenerated multiple shoots were elongated on MS medium + 4.0 mg l?1 KIN + 2.0 mg l?1 gibberellic acid (GA3) with maximum shoot length (4.9 cm). The elongated shoots were transferred to MS medium containing indole-3 butyric acid (IBA; 0.5–5.0 mg l?1) alone and/or in combination with 0.5 mg l?1 KIN and BAP. Highest frequency of rooting (75 %) was obtained on half-strength MS medium + 2.0 mg l?1 IBA + 0.5 mg l?1 KIN. After hardening, the plantlets were shifted to the green house and subsequently established in the field conditions with 90 % survival rate. random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to evaluate the genetic stability of the regenerants. RAPD profiles generated from the regenerated plants were found to be monomorphic, similar to the control. Results confirmed that the regenerated plants were true-to-type in nature and the developed micropropagation protocol could be used for large scale plant production of B. arundinacea. 相似文献
18.
In vitro regeneration of complete plants from nodal single-bud segments of 2-year-old Australian Cedar (Toona ciliata) trees were obtained under defined nutritional and environmental conditions. Explants were dissected from plants obtained by germination of seeds and growth in pots in a greenhouse. The best medium for shoot regeneration was that of Murashige and Skoog at 1/4 strength with 3% sucrose (1/4 MS), supplemented with 0.1 mg/l IBA and 0.5 mg/l BAP. Rooting of regenerated shoots was observed in MS medium with 0.1 mg/l IBA. Using mature tree material was more difficult. Forced flushing was used to induce shoot development on branches of a 10-year-old tree. Nodal segments of these epicormic shoots formed shoots in vitro on 1/4 MS + 0.01 mg/l IBA + 5 mg/l BAP, but rooting was never observed. 相似文献
19.
An efficient protocol has been developed for in vitro propagation of Enicostema axillare using shoot tip explants. The shoot tip explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various combinations of (BAP, KIN) and (NAA/IAA & IBA) in different concentrations between 0.5 and 2.0 mg/l for multiple shoot bud induction. The highest percent of (98.51 %) was observed at 1.0 mg/l BAP in combination with 0.2 mg/l KIN while maximum number of shoot buds (8.41 shoots/explant) was noticed on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.2 mg/l KIN combination. The highest frequency (90.82 %) of multiple shoot bud regeneration was observed at 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IBA with 15.12 ± 2.12 shoots/explants. The regenerated multiple shoots were transferred to half-strength MS medium augmented with different concentration of 0.5–2.5 mg/l IBA for rooting. Among the different concentrations of IBA tested, maximum percentage of rooting (100 %) was observed in MS medium augmented with 1.5 mg/l IBA. The rooted plantlets were successfully transferred into plastic cups containing soil and sand in the ratio of 1:1. Subsequently established in the field conditions with 90 % of survival rate. The protocol developed can be utilized for both large scale plant production and conservation of germplasm of this species. The described method can be successfully employed for large-scale multiplication and in vitro conservation as well as production of secondary metabolites of E. axillare. 相似文献
20.
This report describes the efficient plant regeneration of Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb et Zucc. via somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic cultures were initiated from megagametophytes containing immature zygotic embryos. Embryogenic cultures were maintained and proliferated by 2–3-week interval subcultures in medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine. High maturation frequencies of cotyledonary embryos were obtained on maturation medium containing maltose, polyethylene glycol, activated charcoal, and abscisic acid. Somatic embryos germinated readily after transfer to plant growth regulator-free medium. Growth of regenerated emblings has been monitored in a greenhouse. 相似文献