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试管苗离体保存是马铃薯目前应用最广泛的种质资源保存方法,探究延长试管苗继代周期的保存条件可以有效减少风险并降低保存成本。从实验室种质资源库中挑选了6个不同基因型的马铃薯材料,以植株状态、株高和存活率作为指标,探究不同预生根处理、保存温度、培养基蔗糖浓度和继代方式对马铃薯试管苗保存的影响,以探索广泛适用于马铃薯试管苗长期低温保存的条件。不进行预生根处理的试管苗在低温保存的第60 d几乎不生长,随后死亡,说明预生根处理是试管苗低温保存的必要条件。4℃条件下试管苗的生长比7℃更缓慢,在第90 d时的株高明显更小,4个材料的试管苗存活率仅为53.75%,而7℃条件下存活率为100%,说明7℃更适于不同基因型马铃薯种质资源的低温保存。8%蔗糖浓度培养基中的试管苗在第90 d时的株高明显低于4%蔗糖浓度,存活率统计显示4%蔗糖浓度培养基中的试管苗在7℃保存第270 d时全部死亡,8%蔗糖浓度培养基中的试管苗存活率达到61.25%,表明8%蔗糖浓度能明显延长马铃薯试管苗的低温保存时间。由此可见,可以采用8%蔗糖浓度培养基和7℃环境温度用于大部分马铃薯株系的长期低温保存。此外,探究了一种试管苗-组培盒... 相似文献
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<正> 可用组织培养的方法来繁殖、保存和交换马铃薯的种质。组织培养可以在短期内快速地无性繁殖大量的小植株,同时能在节省用地和劳力的情况下,保持马铃薯的种质。由于离体培养物是无病的,并在可控条件下能保持马铃薯的种质,因此极有利于马铃薯种质国际交换。 相似文献
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LED光源在马铃薯种质资源试管苗保存的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究分别以LED和日光灯为光源,以10份不同栽培区的马铃薯种质资源试管苗为试验材料,比较分别在两种光源下,不同栽培区马铃薯种质资源试管苗的生长差异,确定LED光源下马铃薯种质资源试管苗是否能正常生长。通过对马铃薯试管苗7个数量性状的统计分析,结果表明:两种光源下,10份不同栽培区的马铃薯种质资源试管苗生长趋势基本一致;两种光源下,不同栽培区马铃薯种质资源7个数量性状t测验结果,除南中552的根条数差异显著外,其他性状差异不显著。通过数量性状统计分析结果,说明在LED光源下保存马铃薯种质资源试管苗是可行的。 相似文献
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组织培养冷藏这种保存种质的新方法,特别适用于目前尚无有效方法进行长期贮藏的无性繁殖作物。以往,为了保存马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)种质,采用的是贮藏愈伤组织和分生组织培养的方法。但愈伤组织培养会遭受初生性腐烂,而分生组织培养涉及额外的场地、人力,以及转移中污染的危险。本篇报道了从经冷冻(-196℃)贮藏24个月的分生组织中完全 相似文献
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微绿苎麻玻璃化超低温保存初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探索苎麻种质资源长期稳定保存的方法,本文以微绿苎麻作为研究材料进行了玻璃化超低温保存的初步研究.结果表明:常规条件下微绿苎麻茎尖和腋芽快速繁殖的最佳培养基配比分别为1/2MS+6BA(1.0mg/L)和1/2Ms+6BA(0.5mg/L),在此培养基中出苗率分别达到75.1%和94.7%;玻璃化超低温培养过程中,适宜微绿苎麻外植体的预培养时间为2天,预培养蔗糖的含量腋芽为40g/L,茎尖为50g/L,装载的时间为20min,PVS2保护剂处理的时间为10min,最佳配比之下通过玻璃化包埋超低温处理,腋芽的TTC检测活力最高为48.67%,茎尖为21.38%,在恢复培养中获得11株腋芽苗. 相似文献
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马铃薯种质资源材料ＰＶＸ和ＰＶＹ的检测刘卫平，付国栋（黑龙江省农科院马铃薯研究所克山１６１６０６）（秦皇岛市山海关区体改办０６６０００）１前言黑龙江省农业科学院马铃薯研究所是我国马铃薯种质资源重点收集和保存单位之一．每年均向全国各地马铃薯科研和生产单... 相似文献
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Potato is one of the most important crops worldwide. Genetic resources of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum) and related cultivated species are conserved through storage of tubers, in vitro plants and in cryopreservation. Cryopreservation,
storage in or above liquid nitrogen, is the best option to maintain vegetatively propagated plants in the long term. The present
review gives comprehensive information about various cryopreservation techniques for potato published from 1977 until the
present. It discusses factors that affect the process and success of cryopreservation, such as donor culture conditions, preculture,
cooling, warming and post-culture treatments. Studies are presented that analyse the histological and ultrastructural changes
after different cryopreservation steps and the morphological pathways during regeneration of plants after rewarming. The maintenance
of genetic stability in potato after cryopreservation has also been demonstrated by various phenotypic and molecular methods.
The first thermal analyses on potato shoot tips are presented using differential scanning calorimetry to analyse the state
of water during cooling and warming. Biochemical analyses of different compounds, such as soluble sugars and proteins, have
been performed to understand and improve existing cryogenic methods. Potato is an example where successful virus elimination
has been obtained via cryopreservation of shoot tips (cryotherapy). There are already cryopreserved collections of potato
shoot tips in Germany, Peru, Czech Republic, South Korea and USA, but additional experiments on fundamental aspects of potato
cryopreservation will help to improve understanding of the different cryopreservation methods, start new collections in other
countries and also build up existing cryocollections of potato. 相似文献
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Summary Potato shoot tips excised from 2-week-old in vitro nodal cuttings were cryopreserved after encapsulation in alginate beads.
Encapsulated shoot tips were first precultured in sucroseenriched media, dried over silica gel, and rapidly cooled in liquid
nitrogen. After slow rewarming in air at room temperature, alginate beads were transferred to solid culture medium for shoot
tip recovery. After cooling in liquid nitrogen, shoot yield depended on preculture duration, sucrose concentration and water
content of beads. Survival rates above 60% were obtained for each cultivar tested. 相似文献
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Summary Thermotherapy of PVX infected potato plants at 30°C followed by in vitro tip culture at 24°C was more or less successful depending
on the duration of the heart treatment. Virus inactivation in meristematic tissues was much more efficient when the heat treatment
was applied to mature plants rather than to meristem tips cultured in viro. By combining 30°C treatment of potato plants with
30°C tip culture. PVX eradication was not improved but the final proportion of PVX-free plantlets was increased because the
tip population developed faster, giving a higher number of rooted plantlets at 30°C than at 24°C. 相似文献
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Summary Alginate coated meristems from in vitro-grown axillary buds of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were successfully cryopreserved by vitrification. Excised meristems were precultured on sucrose-enriched MS medium and
then encapsulated. To induce dehydration tolerance (osmotolerance), encapsulated meristems were treated with a mixture of
2 M glycerol plus 0.6 M sucrose for 90 min. These encapsulated meristems were dehydrated with a highly concentrated vitrification
solution (PVS2 solution) for 3 hr at 0°C prior to a plunge into liquid nitrogen. Successfully vitrified meristems developed
shoots within 3 weeks after plating without intermediary callus formation. The average rate of shoot formation amounted to
nearly 70%. No difference was observed in RAPD analysis using 17 primers between cryopreserved and non-treated plantlets.
The cryogenic protocol was successfully applied to 14 cultivars. It was also confirmed that the encapsulated vitrified meristems
produced much greater shoot formation than the encapsulated dried meristems. Thus, the encapsulation vitrification protocol
appears promising for cryopreservation of potato germplasm. 相似文献
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Summary A simple freezing method has been developed for the cryopreservation of an in vitro collection of old potato varieties. More
than 125 varieties or genotypes have been frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. Most varieties have high survival rates, averaging
80%. Plant regeneration rates were lower and averaged 40%. Plants have been obtained from all varieties or genotypes frozen
and the phenotypes of regrown plants matched very well those of the unfrozen stock plants. However, one plant was found which
was probably polyploid and five plants had poor growth. In addition, the genetic stability of 161 regrown plants was checked
by flow cytometric measurements and DNA-fingerprinting. In the 161 tested samples neither polyploid plants nor unusual banding
patterns were found. 相似文献
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M K Biswas M Hossain R Islam 《中国马铃薯》2005,19(6):321-325
In vegetatively propagated crops,once system ati-cally infected w ith a viral disease,the pathogen canpassed from one generation to the next[1].Especially inpotato,contam ination by a pathogen can severely re-duce the total yield of the crop[2].Traditionally,potatovarieties have been and still m aintained in a fieldgene bank.M aintenance of potato germ plasm in thefield is a m ajor consum er of tim e,m anpower andspace aside from diseases and environm ental stresses.The m ajor disadvantage of … 相似文献
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Growth of 6 potato virus S (PVS)-infected potato clones in tissue culture in temperature regimes alternating between supraoptimal (40°C–45°C) and optimal (25°C) temperatures was compared to incubation of etiolated shoots at constant moderate temperatures (37°C) to obtain virus-free plants by shoot tip culture. Both procedures were effective in obtaining PVS-free propagative material. Virus-free plants were obtained in 5 of 6 clones by the alternating temperatures procedure and in 4 of the 6 clones by the constant 37°C incubation prior to shoot tip isolation. Heat tolerance, virus inactivation, and development of pathogen-free buds from the heat-treated plants depended upon the potato cultivar and the type of culture media in which the tips grew, but these characteristics did not coincide in any clone. The variety Chieftain was the least tolerant to the high temperatures and no virus-free individuals were recovered. White Rose was the most heat resistant, but Russet Burbank resulted with the highest percentage of PVS-free plants. The virus was eliminated from the variety Kennebec only by the alternating temperature treatments. Exposing potato plantlets in the alternating temperature regimes prior to isolation and regeneration of shoot tips was slightly better than the traditional method of incubation of plants at constant moderate temperatures that the plant will withstand and offers a new option in freeing plants of more tenacious viruses. 相似文献
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Summary Uridine-H3 was incorporated into meristem tips of both healthy and PLRV-infected potato plants, of the cultivars, Majestic and Primura.
Autoradiograms of tips pretreated with actinomycin D showed that 13 of 14 and 11 of 14 respectively, were virus free in the
dome and first 4 leaf primordia, 1 and 3 were infected in the 4th leaf primordium, and 1 of Primura also in its 3rd primordium.
The highest plantlet yield from cultures in vitro of meristem tips that included 4 leaf primordia (7 to 9 plantlets per meristem),
was obtained by growing them in sequence on 3 sequential media, each based on Murashige and Skoog basic medium complemented
with various hormones. The 2nd medium, containing benzylaminopurine (0.5 mg/l) and gibberellic acid (0.5 mg/l), elicited callus
and the subsequent formation of adventitious buds. Of the plantlets of the cvs Vivaks, Primura and Majestic, 88, 91 and 100
%, respectively, were PLRV-free.
Propagation in vitro, by the single-node cutting technique and tuberlet production, were successful. 相似文献