共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
竹质工程材料及构件的研发,不仅拓展了竹材在建筑、交通和桥梁等领域的应用,而且符合我国绿色发展、清洁生产、乡村振兴战略等重大政策需求。文中阐述了以竹集成材、竹篾集成材、竹重组材为代表的3种竹质工程材料的研究进展,在此基础上梳理归纳了竹集成材梁柱、竹篾集成材梁柱、重组竹材梁柱、复合竹质梁柱构件以及双拼梁柱等5种梁柱工程构件的结构特点,并从建立竹质工程材料与构件的评价分级方法、研发梁柱用竹质工程构件的长效绿色防护技术、制定相关的规范与标准等尚需解决的几个关键技术方面提出了将来的研究展望。 相似文献
4.
简要介绍了我国风电产业的情况,总结了木/竹质风电叶片材料的优势及研究和生产现状,并对木/竹质风电叶片材料存在的问题进行了探讨,提出木/竹质风电叶片材料的发展方向。 相似文献
5.
6.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(8)
重组竹与竹集成材是两种应用较为广泛的竹质工程材料,对其力学性能的研究有助于扩展其在工程上的应用。本研究对重组竹和竹集成材进行了抗弯和抗压力学性能试验,分别得到了它们的抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、抗压弹性模量和抗压强度,并分析了两种竹质工程材料的不同破坏情况。试验结果表明:重组竹的抗弯和抗压力学性能要优于竹集成材;重组竹抗弯破坏表现为脆性破坏,竹集成材则表现出一定的延性特性;竹材的力学性能与其本身材料性能和胶合面的力学性能有关。 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
竹材振动阻尼性能及其在竹质复合材料中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
经过历史自然演变，形成了竹子精巧的多级结构和优异的界面设计——刚性的维管束呈梯度均匀分布在柔性的薄壁细胞中，构成天然“岛链结构”,赋予其高强高韧的同时，通过薄壁细胞和孔隙结构变形或胞间层裂纹偏转来达到吸收能耗、增加阻尼效果，从而抵御自然灾害(雨、雪、风)的侵蚀。本研究从多尺度结构特征(宏观-微观)和化学组分(线形纤维素分子链-无定形木质素聚合物)2方面阐述竹材的振动阻尼特性，分析环境因子(温度、湿度)对其的作用机制，在此基础上，总结竹质复合材料的振动阻尼机理。基于目前广泛应用的竹/木、竹/塑及竹纤维/橡胶颗粒3种复合方式，阐述竹质复合阻尼材料的结构和工艺特征，总结4种层积结构(基础性阻尼、抗冲击型阻尼、轻量型阻尼和静音型阻尼)对竹质复合材料振动阻尼性能的影响规律。依据“材料-结构-功能”一体化设计原则，梳理竹质复合阻尼材料在体育、建筑、交通和电子信息等领域的应用前景。最后，从竹材生物学振动阻尼特征、竹质复合阻尼材料减振调控机制、竹质智能阻尼新材料研发以及制品标准化制定等方面，提出亟需解决的共性科学问题和关键技术。竹质复合阻尼材料具有吸能降耗和抗振降噪功能，在建筑、交通和机械等领域的噪音... 相似文献
10.
竹质双拼梁构件研发及其在装配式建筑中的应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以轻质高强的竹质双拼梁结构构件为研究主线,以整张化的竹束单板增强人工林木材为突破点,开发新型竹束单板层积复合材料（BLVL）及双拼梁构件并将其应用于装配式建筑。文中从BLVL材料的层积结构优化与开发、物理力学性能表征到竹质双拼梁构件的结构设计与承载力计算、加工组装工艺和不同类型双拼梁的抗弯特性研究等方面,系统阐述了竹质双拼梁在材料和结构上的特点及优势;在此基础上,以模块化连接组装技术制造的竹质生态停车棚为典型案例,论述了竹质双拼梁构件在装配式建筑中的多场景应用情况;最后,针对研发与推广过程中亟待解决的关键技术,指出竹质双拼梁构件及其在装配式建筑中应用的重点研究方向。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
17.
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献