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1.
马尾松飞播造林林分抚育间伐试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb)是我国南方主要飞播造林树种之一,我省有大面积马尾松飞播林分,进行马尾松飞播林不同密度林分间伐始期、间伐强度、间隔期、抚育间伐综合效果定位试验研究,选择最优间伐方案用于生产实践,使马尾松飞播林速生、丰产、优质,是本试验的基本目的。本文根据马尾松飞播林3个试验区,27个固定样地,5年的观测数据,对马尾松飞播林间伐起始期、间伐强度、间隔期等进行统计分析。结果表明:马尾松飞播林宜在飞播后8年进行第一次间伐;不同间伐强度与直径生长、单株材积生长呈正相关。林分密度与直径生长,单株材积生长呈负相关;与林分材积增长呈正相关;间伐间隔期以3年为宜。 相似文献
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马尾松人工林经营密度模型及其应用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
收集288块马尾松人工林标准地材料，以密度二次效应模型为基础，用连续状态的动态规划方法建立可变间伐间隔期的林分经营密度模型。模拟结果表明该模型反映了马尾松人工林林分的密度动态，符合林分生长的一般规律，可为指导抚育间伐等经营措施提供科学依据。 相似文献
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为探明不同间伐强度对重庆地区马尾松人工林生长的影响,在重庆市綦江区北部林场选择马尾松人工纯林(18年生)开展抚育间伐试验,分别设置弱度间伐(间伐株数占总株数的15%,保留密度1410株·hm~(-2))、中度间伐(间伐株数占总株数的30%,保留密度1155株·hm~(-2))、较强度间伐(间伐株数占总株数的45%,保留密度900株·hm~(-2))、不间伐(保留密度1650株·hm~(-2))等4种间伐强度。间伐3 a后调查结果表明,抚育间伐能显著提高马尾松人工林林分胸径的生长,林分平均胸径的生长量在一定范围内随间伐强度的增大而明显提高;不同间伐强度对马尾松林分平均树高生长的影响无显著差异;单位面积林分蓄积量大小依次为:间伐强度30%>间伐强度15%>对照组>间伐强度45%。说明间伐强度30%已达到了最佳的林分质量和收获量,是该区域马尾松人工林最优的抚育间伐强度,而1155株·hm~(-2)是较合理的伐后密度。 相似文献
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马尾松纸浆材林优化栽培密度经济分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
依据马尾松人工林生长收获模型系统，在数百个技术上可行的马尾松纸浆材林栽培模式中，以NPV和IRR最大为主要目标进行选优，并用边际分析法选出14、16、18指数级经济上最优的初植密度，最后用边际分析法确定最优初植密度的最优主伐年龄.结果表明相对于建筑材林而言，马尾松纸浆材林要取得较好的经济效益，应适当密植，主伐年龄应相应提前；每公顷最优初值密度为4000～5000株，最优主伐年龄为15～17a. 相似文献
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对马尾松人工林采用不同抚育间伐强度和间伐方法后进行林分生长量比较,结果表明,抚育间伐的株数强度以第一次35%,第二次15%较为适宜,马尾松的林分生长量最高,林分总蓄积量达264.982 m3/hm2;抚育间伐方法以两次都采用下层疏伐对促进马尾松林分生长的效果最为显著,林分总蓄积量达221.588 m3/hm2。关鍵词：马尾松;人工林;抚育采伐;间伐强度;间伐方法;生长量 相似文献
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在25 a林龄马尾松林内,经间伐套种福建山樱花,构建以观赏为主、兼顾生态功能的复层林。试验采用裂区试验设计,通过林分结构、福建山樱花生长发育以及马尾松保留木的生长情况分析林分状况。试验结果表明：上层马尾松保留225～375株/hm2林内套种福建山樱花能够形成复层林分。间伐套种后的林分大幅度降低了马尾松比重,马尾松个体间彼此独立,福建山樱花填充了马尾松纵向断层及横向孔隙,形成区域交错的斑块结构和层次明显的镶嵌体,林分结构良好。试验结果还表明施肥和修剪可以促进福建山樱花的生长发育,使之树体更合理,更具观赏价值。 相似文献
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[目的]研究不同强度采伐下马尾松的生长动态,筛选适宜的采伐强度,为马尾松人工林近自然经营提供技术支撑。[方法]2007年10月在14年生马尾松人工林(保存密度1 100株·hm~(-2))内进行采伐试验,设置4个采伐强度,即保留密度分别为225、300、375、450株·hm~(-2),以不采伐为对照;其后,自2008年开始连续8 a,每2 a测定1次马尾松的胸径、树高、枝下高和冠面积等生长指标,并计算单株材积和林分蓄积量,应用方差分析和Duncan多重比较分析生长指标对不同采伐强度的动态响应。[结果]表明:采伐强度显著影响林分生长,其中,林分平均胸径、单株材积、冠面积的年均增长量随保留密度增大而减小,但均显著高于对照(P0.05)。采伐后第1 3年,马尾松冠面积增长量显著高于采伐后期,胸径则在采伐后第3 5年最高,而不同采伐强度对林分树高生长影响不明显。保留密度显著影响林分枝下高和蓄积量的动态变化,其年均增长量随密度增大而递增。5个处理间林分蓄积年均增长量的差异随林龄的增大而逐渐缩小。[结论]马尾松人工林生长对不同强度采伐的动态响应以树冠最敏感,冠面积首先陡然增大,进而引起胸径的快速生长。树高和枝下高在采伐后年均增量变化相对平稳。4个采伐强度均显著促进单株材积生长,而仅保留密度为225株·hm~(-2)的采伐对林分蓄积增长量影响显著。综合比较林分的单株材积和林分蓄积连年增长量,建议在桂西南15年生马尾松人工林近自然经营中宜选择300株·hm~(-2)的保留密度进行采伐。 相似文献
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马尾松天然次生林密度调控生长时效性的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对马尾松天然林进行不同密度调控试验，在林分改造12a后生长结果表明：（1）间伐后不同的保留密度对树冠发育，胸径、单株材积、林分蓄积的生长影响显著，其随着保留密度的增加，各生长指标逐渐减小，这说明间伐前期对马尾松胸径的影响效应可保留相当长的时间。但从生长时效性看，间伐后密度对林分胸径生长的影响主要在间伐后的1－3a内，此后每年的胸径增长效应逐渐减弱。（2）间伐后保留密度的不同，对林分树高逐年生长没有明显的规律性，但对其枝下高有一定影响，随保留密度减小，枝下高亦减小。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献