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F Stevens 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1986,16(4):685-702
The use of small computers for assistance in medical diagnosis is examined in light of their limitations, particularly in a veterinary clinical setting. Various approaches to these problems are discussed with an eye towards "appropriate technology" for the veterinary practice. The author describes two "expert systems" he devised that enable the small computer to aid in the analysis of laboratory data and in the clinical diagnosis of veterinary patients. 相似文献
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Rachel J. Derscheid Michael C. Rahe Eric R. Burrough Kent J. Schwartz Bailey Arruda 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(3):419
Technologic advances in information management have rapidly changed laboratory testing and the practice of veterinary medicine. Timely and strategic sampling, same-day assays, and 24-h access to laboratory results allow for rapid implementation of intervention and treatment protocols. Although agent detection and monitoring systems have progressed, and wider tracking of diseases across veterinary diagnostic laboratories exists, such as by the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN), the distinction between detection of agent and manifestation of disease is critical to improved disease management. The implementation of a consistent, intuitive, and useful disease diagnosis coding system, specific for veterinary medicine and applicable to multiple animal species within and between veterinary diagnostic laboratories, is the first phase of disease data aggregation. Feedback loops for continuous improvement that could aggregate existing clinical and laboratory databases to improve the value and applications of diagnostic processes and clinical interventions, with interactive capabilities between clinicians and diagnosticians, and that differentiate disease causation from mere agent detection, remain incomplete. Creating an interface that allows aggregation of existing data from clinicians, including final diagnosis, interventions, or treatments applied, and measures of outcomes, is the second phase. Prototypes for stakeholder cooperation, collaboration, and beta testing of this vision are in development and becoming a reality. We focus here on how such a system is being developed and utilized at the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory to facilitate evidence-based medicine and utilize diagnostic coding for continuous improvement of animal health and welfare. 相似文献
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Christopher MM Hotz CS Shelly SM Pion PD 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,232(5):747-754
OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent of use of cytology as a diagnostic method in veterinary practice and assess how veterinarians in practice communicate with veterinary clinical pathologists. DESIGN: Online survey. STUDY POPULATION: 870 veterinarians. PROCEDURES: An online survey was made available to members of the Veterinary Information Network from October 1, 2004, through December 1, 2004. RESULTS: Respondents reported obtaining a median of 7 cytology samples weekly (range, 0 to 100). On average, respondents reported that 48.1% of the samples they collected were evaluated in-house, 29.5% were submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory, and 21.6% were evaluated in-house and then submitted to a diagnostic laboratory. Most respondents (89.2%) reported using cytologic assessments to guide additional testing, and most (80.3%) indicated that they found the comments section of the cytology report to be the most important section. When asked to indicate the importance of various factors in their decision to use cytology as a diagnostic method, respondents overwhelmingly indicated that accuracy was very important. The most common reasons for consulting with a clinical pathologist were to discuss a discrepancy between clinical and cytologic findings, to clarify a diagnosis, and to ascertain the pathologist's confidence in a diagnosis. Respondents expressed more confidence in results when board-certified clinical pathologists were examining cytology samples than when others were. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that improving communication between veterinary practitioners and veterinary clinical pathologists could enhance the diagnostic value of cytologic examinations and improve clinical decision-making. 相似文献
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Domestic animals are quite often poisoned by pesticides despite the considerable effort made through legislation and Ministry recommendations to provide adequate safeguards for the use of agricultural chemicals. All pesticides have to be registered and recommendations and restrictions for use are printed on the labels. But a number of cases involving the misuse of certain poisons as bait for vermin has caused concern recently to both Government and industry. Special problems face the veterinary surgeon who has to treat a pet animal with suspected esticide poisoning. This paper provides possible sources of information from which the veterinary surgeon may obtain help with diagnosis, advice on treatment and laboratory aid. 相似文献
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为了解湖北省蛋鸡养殖情况,更好地响应和推广兽药减量化行动,对湖北省9个地市内的蛋鸡养殖场基本信息和用药情况进行调研。结果表明：近几年本省蛋鸡养殖场在饲养管理和药物使用方面有一定进步,同时也存在缺乏科学的疫病防治体系、药物使用存在风险隐患等不足,会导致产品质量安全问题。本文分析了产生原因,并提出相关建议,以促进湖北省蛋鸡养殖的科学健康发展,提升本省畜禽产品质量安全水平. 相似文献
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调查分析试验猴常见疾病,对掌握疾病的流行病学,并制定一套科学、合理的疾病综合防制措施,提高试验猴的数量、质量及保证动物试验结果的准确性具有重要意义。通过对2014年昆明地区某规模化试验猴养殖基地患病及死亡试验猴进行调查,根据试验猴主要病症进行分类,并对各种疾病按照成年和未成年试验猴进行归类统计,利用Office Excel 2010软件进行数据分析。结果显示,昆明地区试验猴常见疾病种类包括消化系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、创伤、生殖系统疾病和运动系统疾病,比例分别为47.45%、13.06%、12.10%、11.46%和8.92%;常见疾病包括腹泻、软组织损伤、流产、大叶性肺炎、痢疾、关节炎、肠积气、慢性结肠炎和营养极度不良,分别占总发病数的18.47%、11.15%、8.91%、8.28%、8.28%、7.96%、5.10%、5.10%和5.09%。综合分析试验猴常发疾病及其病发的可能原因,提示只有不断提高科学的饲养管理水平,不断加强兽医工作人员的业务能力,掌握深厚的理论知识及科学的诊断方法,才能为科学研究提供更优质的试验猴。 相似文献
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Robert H Poppenga 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2008,11(2):195-210, v
A toxicologic diagnosis is based on knowledge of the circumstances surrounding a particular case, knowledge of the clinical symptomatology, receipt and evaluation of proper specimens by a qualified laboratory, and judicious interpretation of the laboratory results. Failure to have all necessary ingredients can result in a wrong or missed diagnosis. Many veterinary toxicology laboratories can detect suspected toxicants in feed, tissue, and environmental samples at extremely low concentrations. The ability to detect toxicants at such low levels has often outpaced the ability of the diagnostician to interpret the analytic findings. This article provides guidelines for acquiring a good history, collecting appropriate samples for analysis, and selecting a veterinary analytic laboratory to maximize the probability of making a correct toxicologic diagnosis. 相似文献
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Lloyd KC 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2008,35(1):53-57
This article focuses on the role of veterinary teaching hospitals (VTHs) at public and private colleges and universities in the growth and nurturing of today's veterinary clinician scientists, who will assume the ranks of tomorrow's veterinary academic faculty. Virtually all residency programs offer some level of scientific education and training concurrently or sequentially with professional clinical training; approximately half (51%) include, or at least offer, the opportunity to obtain advanced scientific degrees (MS/MSc and/or PhD). If veterinary schools and colleges are the gatekeepers for the veterinary profession, then VTHs are the gatekeepers for the profession's scientific development, defining the future role of veterinary medicine in society. Although struggling to find their place in a financially challenging and competitive environment fueled by the demand for more and better clinical services, VTHs are in a potentially strong position to capitalize on the uniqueness of their faculty and academic resources and thus make an unparalleled contribution to the scientific evolution of the veterinary profession. 相似文献
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Survey and analysis of common diseases of laboratory monkeys are great significance to understand disease epidemiology, and formulate a set of scientific and reasonable measures for prevention and control disease, to improve the quantity and quality of laboratory monkeys, to ensure the accuracy of the animal experiment results. Through the investigation of the sick and dead animals of a large-scale laboratory monkeys breeding facility in Kunming area in 2014, the animals were classified depends on the main diseases, and the diseases were classified according to adult and juvenile animals, data were analyzed by Excel Office 2010 software. The results showed the common diseases of laboratory monkeys included the digestive system, respiratory system, trauma, reproductive system, and locomotor system disease, which were 47.45%, 13.06%, 12.10%, 11.46% and 8.92% separately; Common diseases included diarrhoea, soft tissue injuries, abortion, lobar pneumonia, dysentery, arthritis, intestinal pneumatosis, chronic colitis, and extreme bad nutrition, the ratio were 18.47%, 11.15%, 8.91%, 8.28%, 8.28%, 7.96%, 5.10%, 5.10% and 5.09% separately. Comprehensive analysis of common diseases and disease occurrence causes of the laboratory monkeys, suggesting that providing better quality laboratory monkeys for scientific research only by constantly improving the scientific breeding management level, constantly strengthening veterinary capacity, mastering the theoretical knowledge and scientific diagnosis method. 相似文献
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在问卷调查和数据统计的基础上,分析了我国兽药监察机构科研工作现状,总结科研工作实践经验,探讨变革背景下的兽药监察机构科研发展方向,提出了建立兽药监察科研协作体系、明确重点研究领域的建议。 相似文献
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Molecular genetic methods in the veterinary clinical bacteriology laboratory: current usage and future applications 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Cai HY Archambault M Gyles CL Prescott JF 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2003,4(2):73-93
In the last 5 years, numerous molecular methods have been published for the detection and characterization of bacteria in the field of veterinary medicine. PCR has been the most commonly used technology. Although not currently used for clinical veterinary diagnosis, new technologies such as liquid-phase hybridization, real-time PCR, pathogen load determination and DNA/protein microarray have been described and have many possible applications in the clinical bacteriology laboratory because of their sensitivity and efficiency. This review describes the basic principles and application of recently published DNA-based molecular techniques for the purpose of veterinary clinical bacteriological diagnosis. It covers advances in probe hybridization technology, DNA/RNA amplification techniques and other molecular detection methods, including 16S rRNA analysis for bacterial characterization and DNA microarrays for bacterial detection. The review briefly summarizes the application of molecular methods for the diagnosis of specific important bacterial infections of animals, and for other animal pathogens that are slow or difficult to isolate in the clinical bacteriology laboratory. In addition, the molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance genes and of bovine mastitis pathogens is briefly described and current commercially available tests are listed. 相似文献
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阐述了兽医群体药动学的研究现状与发展动态。为科学指导兽医临床合理用药、避免动物性食品中药物残留、指导及评价新兽药研发提供重要的科学参考依据。并进一步推进兽医群体药动学的发展,对提高我国兽医临床合理用药水平以及促进兽医药理学向纵深方向发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
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ASVCP quality assurance guidelines: control of general analytical factors in veterinary laboratories
Flatland B Freeman KP Friedrichs KR Vap LM Getzy KM Evans EW Harr KE 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2010,39(3):264-277
Owing to lack of governmental regulation of veterinary laboratory performance, veterinarians ideally should demonstrate a commitment to self-monitoring and regulation of laboratory performance from within the profession. In response to member concerns about quality management in veterinary laboratories, the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) formed a Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards (QAS) committee in 1996. This committee recently published updated and peer-reviewed Quality Assurance Guidelines on the ASVCP website. The Quality Assurance Guidelines are intended for use by veterinary diagnostic laboratories and veterinary research laboratories that are not covered by the US Food and Drug Administration Good Laboratory Practice standards (Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Chapter 58). The guidelines have been divided into 3 reports on 1) general analytic factors for veterinary laboratory performance and comparisons, 2) hematology and hemostasis, and 3) clinical chemistry, endocrine assessment, and urinalysis. This report documents recommendations for control of general analytical factors within veterinary clinical laboratories and is based on section 2.1 (Analytical Factors Important In Veterinary Clinical Pathology, General) of the newly revised ASVCP QAS Guidelines. These guidelines are not intended to be all-inclusive; rather, they provide minimum guidelines for quality assurance and quality control for veterinary laboratory testing. It is hoped that these guidelines will provide a basis for laboratories to assess their current practices, determine areas for improvement, and guide continuing professional development and education efforts. 相似文献
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兽医系统实验室在指导动物疫病防控、维护公共卫生安全等方面占有举足轻重的地位。随着动物疫病防控工作的不断深化,加强兽医系统实验室能力建设显得尤为紧迫。本文着重介绍了近年来重庆市兽医实验室体系建设的一些实践措施,以期为其他省份兽医系统实验室的进一步发展提供参考。 相似文献
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In 2010 the German Bundestier?rztekammer (Federal Chamber of Veterinarians) and the AGTAM (Working Group "Veterinary Pharmaceuticals") published the Guidelines for the prudent use of antibacterial veterinary pharmaceuticals in an updated version. Within the limits of therapeutic freedom, veterinarians are committed to take into account the latest scientific findings in veterinary medicine. These findings may, however, include conflicting interpretations if such an approach is expressed by an accredited university or anywhere else in the field of science. Hence, the state of science in veterinary medicine is not only defined by the Guidelines for Antibiotics, rather, the complete recognized scientific literature has to be considered. The Guidelines for Antibiotics are not legally-binding rules. They define the best approach and not the minimum standard for the use of antibiotics. The clinical examination provides the basis for medical treatment in each specific case. Further laboratory diagnostics represent an additional supportive instrument that is used by the veterinarian at his discretion depending on the necessity. Laboratory tests of bacterial sensitivity (identification of pathogens and antibiogram) may become necessary within the framework of diagnostics. As examples demonstrate, laboratory tests of bacterial sensitivity cannot be performed in every clinical case. It appears to be desirable to further discuss the use of antibacterial veterinary pharmaceuticals in the species-specific attachments in more concrete and specific terms, taking into consideration the standards of evidence-based medicine. 相似文献
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畜牧兽医专业大学生就业问题的分析与对策 《畜牧与饲料科学》2014,35(3):46-46
畜牧业的科学发展是全面建成小康社会的重要组成部分,畜牧兽医专业培养的大学生可以为我国的畜牧行业提供技术型人才。分析了当今畜牧兽医专业大学生的就业现状与存在的问题,探讨了改进畜牧兽医专业毕业生就业的可行对策。 相似文献