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A total of 8193 accessions,including 6822 Gossypium hirsutum,350 G.hirsutum race (sub-spe-cies),385 of G.barbadense,378 of G.arboreum,17 of G.herbaceum and 41 wild species,of cotton germplasm are now maintained in China.This germplasm is kept in Beijing National Long-term Genebank and Anyang Cotton Medium-term Genebank.Live plants of the wild species are kept in Cotton garden at Hainan Island. 相似文献
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采用叶片棉球定位鉴定法,初步鉴定并评价了半野生棉和亚洲棉对草甘膦的自然抗性,结果表明:参试材料抗性水平从高抗至高感分6级,极端抗性水平相差33.3倍(0.2%对0.006%)。其中,半野生棉对草甘膦的自然抗性分级丰富,抗性水平分布自高抗至高感;但大部分半野生棉不耐草甘膦,近86%(346份)的材料抗性水平处于低耐级别以下。而亚洲棉抗性水平都处于高抗至低耐的4个级别,抗性多样性较差,但整体抗性水平较高,70.3%(71份)表现为耐或以上级别。从半野生棉和亚洲棉中分别筛选到2份和5份高抗材料,半野生棉中有1份高感材料,亚洲棉中无对草甘膦敏感材料。本研究报道的极端材料为棉花草甘膦抗性遗传机制研究、新品种的培育、内源抗性基因的挖掘和感抗机理研究,奠定了良好的材料基础。 相似文献
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We carried out an assessment of the resistance status to the spotted stalk borer Chilo sacchariphagus in a sample of 32 international sugarcane clones in Reunion. Our objectives were to characterize the genotypic variability of resistance and to characterize the role of leaf and stalk resistance in the global resistance. A significant genotypic variability in the % exited tunnels and in the leaf feeding injuries confirmed the existence of two resistance mechanisms located respectively in the leaves and in the stalk. Leaf resistance and stalk resistance exhibited genotypic and phenotypic correlation with stalk tunnelling injuries. No phenotypic or genotypic correlations were observed between leaf resistance and stalk resistance. Both resistances contributed independently to the global resistance quantified by the stalk tunnelling. The resistance status of the two main cultivars cultivated in Reunion was assessed within our germplasm sample: 'R 570' was one of the most resistant clones and 'R 579' proved to be moderately susceptible. 相似文献
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Research in Tissue Culture of Diploid Cotton Species 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Diploid cotton species provide parental (ancestral) species for tetraploid cultivars and are the key germplasm resources for cotton genetic improvement. In addition, diploid cotton species supply excellent materials for mutant library construction and functional genomics. Diploid cotton species originated from Asia- Africa, America, Oceania regions with rich genetic diversity. The tissue culture research mainly involves regeneration of plant organs and cell culture, protoplast culture, somatic culture and fusion. The regenerated plants have been obtained in Gossypium klotzschianum, G. gossypioides, G. arboreum, G. davidsonii, G. raimondii, G. stocksii, G. nelsonii, G. bickii, etc. Among them, regenerated plants in shoot tip culture were only obtained in G. arboreum, G. bickii. Regenerated plantlets in protoplast culture were obtained in G. klotzschianum, G. davidsonii. Interspecific hybrids between G. hirsutum and diploid cotton of G. klotzschianum, G. stocksii and G. bickii were obtained, respectively. The tissue culture systems of diploid cotton were different from each other, and the strategy is similar to that in woody plants. This paper summarized the progresses in related researches and discussed the future research. 相似文献
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Knowledge of genetic relationships in crop breeding programs provides valuable information that can be used by plant breeders
as a parental line selection tool. In Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), the Pee Dee germplasm program represents one of the most historically significant Upland cotton breeding programs and
is known as a key source of fiber quality genes for commercial cultivars. The foundation of the Pee Dee germplasm is known
to represent an array of genetic diversity involving the hybridization of G. hirsutum L., G. barbadense L., and triple hybrid strains (G. arboreum L. × G. thurberi Todaro × G. hirsutum L.). In this study, we characterized genetic relationships within the Pee Dee germplasm collection using molecular marker
and field performance data. Molecular marker and field performance data showed the Pee Dee germplasm collection still maintains
useful amounts of genetic diversity. The methods described provide plant breeders of cotton and other crops a strategy to
develop a parental line selection tool based on genotypic and phenotypic information. Cotton breeders can directly use the
information provided to select specific Pee Dee germplasm parental line combinations based on genotypic (molecular marker)
and phenotypic (field performance) information rather than relying on pedigree and phenotypic information alone. 相似文献
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转基因抗虫作物应用是替代杀虫剂的重要途径。但转基因作物可能存负面效应,特别是对非靶标生物的影响及害虫产生抗性。采用直接和陷阱调查结合方法,连续多年对转Cry1Ac 抗虫基因玉米实验田叶蝉和主要节肢动物数量动态跟踪调查,结果发现叶蝉是玉米田优势非靶标生物种群之一,中期发生比例占刺吸式害虫的28.9%~43.1%,且种群动态与主要非靶标节肢动物群落动态基本一致。又鉴于叶蝉直接刺吸接触到Bt 杀虫蛋白,可直接反映转基因作物对非靶标生物的安全性,因此可利用叶蝉作为转基因抗虫玉米安全性评价指示生物来评价转基因玉米对非靶标生物群落风险,田间测试结果证明此方法是可行的。 相似文献
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[Objective] Novel germplasm of cotton was generated for development of cultivars with high resistance to glyphosate. [Method] The glyphosate resistance gene G10eve was preliminarily analyzed using bioinformatics methods and introduced into 'Coker 312' via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The expression of G10eve was estimated by PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) and qRT-PCR (Quantitative real-time PCR). The content of shikimic acid and tolerance to glyphosate were determined in response to application of glyphosate to 'Coker 312' and transgenic plants. [Result] A total of 28 independent positive transgenic lines were obtained. The transformation efficiency and the rate of seedling differentiation were up to 49.3% and 40.6%, respectively. PCR and qRT-PCR analysis showed that G10eve was integrated into the cotton genome, and the G10eve expression level differed significantly among the transgenic lines. At the cotyledon stage, the transgenic cotton showed resistance to 8 mL·L－1 glyphosate, whereas 'Coker 312' showed phytotoxicity to the 2 mL·L－1 glyphosate treatment. No significant accumulation of shikimic acid was detected in transgenic plants before or after glyphosate treatment, which indicated the typical physical characteristic of glyphosate resistance. [Conclusion] Overexpression of G10eve in cotton improved resistance to glyphosate. Thus, novel germplasm of cotton resistant to glyphosate was generated. 相似文献
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为评价玉米ZmPHYA1基因在棉花种质资源改良中的价值,本研究利用农杆菌介导法在陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)R15材料中进行了玉米ZmPHYA1基因的遗传转化。经过愈伤组织诱导、抗性愈伤筛选、体细胞分化诱导后获得棉花转基因再生植株。通过田间草铵膦除草剂筛选鉴定抗性植株,并利用PCR扩增其草铵膦抗性基因和目的基因ZmPHYA1进行分子鉴定,发现阳性植株对草铵膦除草剂具较好抗性,并可扩增到256 bp的草铵膦抗性基因和217 bp ZmPHYA1基因的特异条带。进一步通过免疫印迹检测表明,3个不同转基因株系中外源ZmPHYA1基因可正常表达约170 kD大小的蛋白,且在不同组织中该外源蛋白均可正常表达。此外,对转基因植株的不同农艺性状分析表明,转基因株系株高明显低于受体对照,而铃重和纤维长度等性状无明显差异。本研究成功获得具有草铵膦抗性和外源ZmPHYA1基因的棉花新种质材料,为进一步利用光敏色素基因创新种质资源提供了材料来源。 相似文献
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墨西哥棉花种质资源及其对世界棉花生产的贡献 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
根据在墨西哥伊瓜拉格尔热罗自治大学的图斯班联合试验农场国家棉花种质资源保存、种植中心和其它原产地的考察、研究结果,结合查阅和分析有关文献资料和历史证据,对起源于墨西哥的棉花种质资源进行了综合评述。墨西哥是棉属（Ｇｏｓｙｐｉｕｍ）Ｄ基因组（Ｄ１,Ｄ２－１,Ｄ２－２,Ｄ３－ｄ,Ｄ４,Ｄ６,Ｄ７,Ｄ８,Ｄ９,Ｄ１０,Ｄ１１）,陆地棉［Ｇ．ｈｉｒｓｕｔｕｍ（ＡＤ）１］和长矛棉［Ｇ．ｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔｕｍ（ＡＤ）７］棉种的起源中心。墨西哥的棉花种质资源对现代棉花育种和世界棉花生产作出了巨大的贡献。从起源于墨西哥的陆地棉所培育出的品种,占当前世界棉花生产的９１％以上,亚洲棉（Ｇ．ａｒｂｏｒｅｕｍ）不到４％,海岛棉（Ｇ．ｂａｒｂａｄｅｎｓｅ）约为５％。墨西哥的棉花种质资源,由于没有得到很好地保护和利用,有些野生种或原始陆地棉栽培种已经或正在消失。 相似文献
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为研究烟草脆裂病毒(Tobacco rattle virus,TRV)介导的基因沉默(Virus-induced gene silencing,VIGS)技术应用的广谱性,以陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum)CLA1为标记基因,通过构建基因沉默载体,在新陆早33和亚洲棉(Gossypium arboreum)建立了TRV-VIGS体系。半定量PCR分析表明,与对照相比,TRV侵染的新陆早33和亚洲棉中CLA1基因的表达均被有效抑制,真叶表现出明显的白化症状。同时在45份新陆中系列棉花材料中重复该体系,并且通过控制培养温度来检验温度对VIGS的影响,结果表明,当昼/夜温度分别为23℃/21℃和32℃/28℃时,不同品种的新陆中系列棉花均可以维持不同程度的白化表型。证明,TRV介导的VIGS可以用于室内研究新陆中系列棉花和亚洲棉基因功能。 相似文献
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Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Prediction of Phytochelatin Synthase Gene in Upland Cotton
[Objective] Heavy metal stress rise advertise effects on growth and development in plant, from which phytochelatin synthase (PCS) plays key roles to protect plant cells. This article will present studies on the gene amount, structure, distribution and features. [Method] PCS gene family in cotton are analyzed based on completely global genome sequence cotton species including Gossypium hirsutum ((AD)1), G. raimondii (D5) and G. arboreum (A2), for further understanding of those genes and protein family features. In this study, we conducted the analysis involving in identification on PCS family members, special protein domain comparison, polygenetic analysis, gene structure prediction and Cysteine survey. [Result] 2, 2 and 4 PCS genes were identified out in G. raimondii (D5), G. arboreum (A2) and G. hirsutum ((AD)1), respectively. All these 8 PCS genes had phytochelatin and phytochelatin_C domains and strictly conserved amino acid residues related to catalytic activity. Cotton PCS protein family members could be divided into 2 sub-group, and these members belongs to sub-group I or sub-group II are close todicotyledon or nematode, respectively. What’s more, there are some difference in both gene structure and Cys distribution between those 2 sub-groups. Less integrity of exons in PCS genes in G. raimondii, comparing to G. hirsutum and G. arboreum. [Conclusion] Comparing to sub-group II, the PCS genes from sub-group I should be higher catalytic activity. G. hirsutum and its donor G. arboreum probably are more heavy metal tolerant than G. raimondii. Based on the results, this research will provide some insights on further functional study. 相似文献
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二倍体栽培棉种草棉和亚洲棉的核型比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以二倍体栽培棉种草棉(Gossypium herbaceumL.)3个品种和亚洲棉(G.arboreum L.)6个品种,以及1个亚洲棉与草棉种间杂种 F_1为材料,进行核型分析。结果表明,草棉和亚洲棉在核型上基本相似,其主要差异是草棉具有2对 st 染色体,而亚洲棉中没有;虽然2个棉种的核型类别都属于2A 型,但草棉的核型比亚洲棉更对称,属于较原始的类型。来 相似文献
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【目的】为探讨海岛棉纤维品质与其种子短绒多寡之间的相关关系,提高海岛棉品质育种效率。【方法】以218份海岛棉种质资源为供试材料,通过2年纤维品质指标的检测及短绒多寡的调查与分级,分析短绒各分级间纤维品质指标的差异性及纤维品质与短绒多寡的相关性。【结果】方差分析表明,各级间除马克隆值差异不大外,其他纤维品质指标随着短绒的增加而增高,且差异呈极显著或显著(P0.05或P0.01)水平。Spearman相关系数表明,纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度、长度整齐度指数和断裂伸长率分别与短绒级别间呈极显著(P0.01)正相关,马克隆值与级别间呈显著(P0.05)负相关。【结论】海岛棉纤维品质与其种子短绒多寡间有统计学意义的正相关性,短绒多寡可作为海岛棉纤维品质优劣的参照之一。 相似文献
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【目的】随着不同棉种序列数据库的逐步完善以及高通量测序技术的发展,棉花单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)标记开发可利用的公共数据资源逐步增加。【方法】本研究基于陆地棉祖先基因组的现代种亚洲棉表达序列标签(Expressed sequence tag,EST)数据库,利用CAP3对亚洲棉EST数据库进行拼接。拼接获得7 187个重叠群(Contig),再利用Quality SNP软件进行SNP位点分析。【结果】在807条含有4条以上EST序列的Contig中查找到2 690个SNP位点。通过筛选次要等位基因频率大于30%的位点,获得953个可靠度较高的候选SNP,通过电子筛选,最终获得可用于陆地棉分析的SNP 149个,利用位点特异性聚合酶链式反应以及酶切扩增多态序列验证了EST-SNP的准确性。【结论】本研究证实基于亚洲棉EST数据库挖掘用于陆地棉研究的EST-SNP切实可行,并有望将EST-SNP用于陆地棉遗传图谱构建、重要性状的基因定位以及分子标记辅助育种。 相似文献
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Jinfa Zhang S. Sanogo R. Flynn Jit B. Baral S. Bajaj S. E. Hughs Richard G. Percy 《Euphytica》2012,187(2):147-160
Verticillium wilt (VW, Verticillium dahliae) is a worldwide destructive soil-borne fungal disease and employment of VW resistant cultivars is the most economic and efficient method in sustainable cotton production. However, information concerning VW resistance in current commercial cotton cultivars and transfer of VW resistance from Pima (Gossypium barbadense) to Upland (Gossypium hirsutum) cotton is lacking. The objective of the current study was to report findings in evaluating commercial cotton cultivars and germplasm lines for VW resistance in field and greenhouse (GH) experiments conducted in 2003, 2006, and 2007. In the study, 267 cultivars and germplasm lines were screened in the GH, while 357 genotypes were screened in the field. The results indicated that (1) VW significantly reduced cotton yield, lint percentage, 50% span length and micronaire, but not 2.5% span length and fiber strength, when healthy and diseased plants in 23 cultivars were compared; (2) some commercial cotton cultivars developed by major cotton seed companies in the US displayed good VW resistance; (3) many Acala cotton cultivars released in the past also had good VW resistance, but not all Acala cotton germplasm are resistant; (4) Pima cotton possessed higher levels of VW resistance than Upland cotton, but the performance was reversed when the root system was wounded after inoculation; (5) VW resistance in some conventional cultivars was transferred into their transgenic version through backcrossing; and (6) some advanced backcross inbred lines developed from a cross between Upland and Pima cotton showed good VW resistance. The successful development of VW resistant transgenic cultivars and transfer of VW resistance from Pima to Upland cotton implies that VW resistance is associated with a few genes if not a major one. 相似文献
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应用扫描电镜对四个栽培棉种纤维的基部、中部、顶部位进行了观察研究，不同株种成熟纤维的形态差别以中部最为明显，表现出种间的遗传特征。在纤维表面观察到有似梭脊和沟槽的皱纹，它的分布和数量在二倍体棉种（亚洲棉和草棉）与四倍体棉种（海岛棉和陆地棉）间存在明显差异。棉纤维表面的皱纹能增加单纤维间的接触面和摩擦 相似文献