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1.
The protein kinase complement of the human genome 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Manning G Whyte DB Martinez R Hunter T Sudarsanam S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5600):1912-1934
We have catalogued the protein kinase complement of the human genome (the "kinome") using public and proprietary genomic, complementary DNA, and expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences. This provides a starting point for comprehensive analysis of protein phosphorylation in normal and disease states, as well as a detailed view of the current state of human genome analysis through a focus on one large gene family. We identify 518 putative protein kinase genes, of which 71 have not previously been reported or described as kinases, and we extend or correct the protein sequences of 56 more kinases. New genes include members of well-studied families as well as previously unidentified families, some of which are conserved in model organisms. Classification and comparison with model organism kinomes identified orthologous groups and highlighted expansions specific to human and other lineages. We also identified 106 protein kinase pseudogenes. Chromosomal mapping revealed several small clusters of kinase genes and revealed that 244 kinases map to disease loci or cancer amplicons. 相似文献
2.
A potential second messenger role for unsaturated fatty acids: activation of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase 总被引：39，自引：0，他引：39
Arachidonate and other unsaturated long-chain fatty acids were found to activate protein kinase C from human neutrophils. Kinase activation by arachidonate required calcium and was enhanced by diolein but did not require exogenous phosphatidylserine. Submaximal levels of arachidonate also enhanced the affinity of the kinase for calcium during activation by phosphatidylserine. Thus the release of arachidonate, which is triggered in many cell types by ligand-receptor interactions, could play a second messenger role in the regulation of cellular function by activation of protein kinase C. 相似文献
3.
促分裂素原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinases,MAP激酶,MAPK)链是真核生物信号传递网络中的重要途径之一.MAPK链由3类蛋白激酶MAP3K-MAP2K-MAPK组成,通过依次磷酸化将上游信号传递至下游应答分子.本文主要阐述MAPK链在植物的逆境反应、抗病反应和激素调控等信号传递网络中的功能. 相似文献
4.
Cl- channels in CF: lack of activation by protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
T C Hwang L Lu P L Zeitlin D C Gruenert R Huganir W B Guggino 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,244(4910):1351-1353
Secretory chloride channels can be activated by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase in normal airway epithelial cells but not in cells from individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). In excised, inside-out patches of apical membrane of normal human airway cells and airway cells from three patients with CF, the chloride channels exhibited a characteristic outwardly rectifying current-voltage relation and depolarization-induced activation. Channels from normal tissues were activated by both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C. However, chloride channels from CF patients could not be activated by either kinase. Thus, gating of normal epithelial chloride channels is regulated by both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C, and regulation by both kinases is defective in CF. 相似文献
5.
A calcium-dependent protein kinase with a regulatory domain similar to calmodulin. 总被引：42，自引：0，他引：42
J F Harper M R Sussman G E Schaller C Putnam-Evans H Charbonneau A C Harmon 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,252(5008):951-954
Calcium can function as a second messenger through stimulation of calcium-dependent protein kinases. A protein kinase that requires calcium but not calmodulin or phospholipids for activity has been purified from soybean. The kinase itself binds calcium with high affinity. A complementary DNA clone for this kinase has been identified; it encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 57,175 daltons. This protein contains a catalytic domain similar to that of calmodulin-dependent kinases and a calmodulin-like region with four calcium binding domains (EF hands). The predicted structure of this kinase explains its direct regulation via calcium binding and establishes it as a prototype for a new family of calcium-regulated protein kinases. 相似文献
6.
促分裂原活化蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK）是一种高度保守的蛋白激酶,广泛存在于真核生物中。MAPK级联途径是一种重要的高度保守的细胞信号转导途径,主要包括MAPKKK、MAPKK和MAPK三种蛋白激酶,通过磷酸化顺序被激活。MAPK级联途径参与了植物生长发育、激素调节、生物胁迫以及非生物胁迫的应答响应。从植物MAPK级联途径成员的分类、结构特征及对非生物胁迫的响应等方面进行了综述,将为系统的理解植物MAPK级联途径及其在非生物逆境胁迫下的表达调控等提供参考。 相似文献
7.
果实成熟特异基因对于调控果实成熟及其品质形成具有重要的作用。在前期获得柑橘Citrus果实成熟特异基因片段的基础上,以纽荷尔脐橙Citrus sinensis Newhall成熟果实为试材,应用RT-PCR和RACE技术,分离获得果实成熟特异基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为CsPMEI/InvI,GenBank登录号:KC198084;生物信息学分析表明:该基因全长945 bp,包含618 bp完整的开放阅读框,编码205个氨基酸,其编码的蛋白质分子式为C977H1568N296O282S10,相对分子量为22.29 kDa,理论等电点为9.84,属于InvI/PMEI（转化酶抑制子/果胶甲酯酶抑制子）家族成员,含有该家族严格保守的Cys残基,存在1个cAMP和cGMP-蛋白激酶磷酸化位点、3个蛋白激酶C 磷酸化位点、2个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点和3个N-酰基化位点,其二级结构主要以-螺旋为主。CsPMEI/InvI基因的分离为进一步研究柑橘果实的成熟机制提供了基础。图7表1参28 相似文献
8.
Fast axonal transport in extruded axoplasm from squid giant axon 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
Development of video-enhanced contrast-differential interference contrast for light microscopy has permitted study of both orthograde and retrograde fast axonal transport of membranous organelles in the squid giant axon. This process was found to continue normally for hours after the axoplasm was extruded from the giant axon and removed from the confines of the axonal plasma membrane. It is now possible to follow the movements of the full range of membranous organelles (30-nanometer vesicles to 5000-nanometer mitochondria) in a preparation that lacks a plasma membrane or other permeability barrier. This observation demonstrates that the plasma membrane is not required for fast axonal transport and suggests that action potentials are not involved in the regulation of fast transport. Furthermore, the absence of a permeability barrier surrounding the axoplasm makes this an important model for biochemical pharmacological, and physical manipulations of membranous organelle transport. 相似文献
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10.
Activators of protein kinase C induce dissociation of CD4, but not CD8, from p56lck 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
The CD4 and CD8 T cell receptor accessory molecules can both be isolated from T lymphocytes in association with p56lck, a membrane-associated, cytoplasmic tyrosine protein kinase that is expressed exclusively in lymphoid cells. The enzymatic activity of p56lck may therefore be regulated by CD4 and CD8 and be important in antigen-induced T cell activation. Exposure of human T cells and some mouse T cells to the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an activator of protein kinase C, caused the dissociation of p56lck and CD4. Activation of protein kinase C may therefore interrupt regulation of p56lck by CD4 and alter the ability of p56lck to interact with polypeptide substrates. In contrast, exposure of cells to TPA did not cause dissociation of p56lck and CD8. Regulation of p56lck by CD4 may therefore differ from regulation by CD8. 相似文献
11.
Photoreceptor deactivation and retinal degeneration mediated by a photoreceptor-specific protein kinase C 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
D P Smith R Ranganathan R W Hardy J Marx T Tsuchida C S Zuker 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,254(5037):1478-1484
The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine-threonine kinases has been implicated in the regulation of a variety of signaling cascades. One member of this family, eye-PKC, is expressed exclusively in the Drosophila visual system. The inaC (inactivation-no-afterpotential C) locus was shown to be the structural gene for eye-PKC. Analysis of the light response from inaC mutants showed that this kinase is required for the deactivation and rapid desensitization of the visual cascade. Light adaptation was also defective in inaC mutant flies. In flies carrying the retinal degeneration mutation rdgB, absence of eye-PKC suppressed photoreceptor cell degeneration. These results indicate that eye-PKC functions in the light-dependent regulation of the phototransduction cascade in Drosophila. 相似文献
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14.
PDGF-induced activation of phospholipase C is not required for induction of DNA synthesis 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
T D Hill N M Dean L J Mordan A F Lau M Y Kanemitsu A L Boynton 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,248(4963):1660-1663
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induction of DNA synthesis is believed to involve activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and subsequent accumulation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate [I(1,4,5)P3], increase in intracellular Ca2+, activation of protein kinase C (PKC), and receptor down regulation. Generation of these events is triggered by the tyrosine protein kinase (TPK) activity of the PDGF receptor. The TPK inhibitor genistein blocked PDGF induction of these events, including DNA synthesis, with the exception of receptor down regulation. PDGF-induced phosphotyrosine phosphorylations, including receptor autophosphorylation, were inhibited by genistein. Removal of genistein and PDGF resulted in DNA synthesis without the occurrence of PLC activation. These findings indicate that these early events, with the exception of receptor down regulation, are not necessary for PDGF-induced DNA synthesis. 相似文献
15.
[目的]克隆分析二穗短柄草钙依赖型蛋白激酶(CDPK)基因BdCDPK14,并检测其在干旱胁迫下的表达量,为揭示钙依赖型蛋白激酶的抗旱调控机制打下基础.[方法]根据NCBI检索结果设计特异引物,以二穗短柄草cDNA为模板,采用PCR扩增二穗短柄草CDPK基因家族成员BdCDPK14,利用在线分析软件对BdCDPK14基因编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析,并采用RT-PCR检测PEG-6000干旱胁迫下的BdCDPK14基因表达量.[结果]从二穗短柄草叶片中克隆获得的BdCDPK14基因(GenBank登录号XM_003564390)片段长度1750 bp,其开放阅读框(ORF)1545 bp,编码514个氨基酸,其编码蛋白分子量56.78 kD,理论等电点5.45,脂肪指数78.21,不稳定指数38.66,属于稳定蛋白.BdCDPK14蛋白与小麦TaCPK13蛋白(ABY59018)的亲缘关系最近,含有4个EF-hands结构、蛋白酪氨酸激酶结构域、脂多糖激酶家族、ATP结合区域、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶激活区和预测跨膜区等结构域,主要由无规卷曲和α-螺旋构成,位于叶绿体和细胞质膜上.在PEG-6000干旱胁迫下,BdCDPK14基因在胁迫3 h内的相对表达量无明显变化,胁迫6 h后相对表达量开始升高,至胁迫12 h时的相对表达量最高.[结论]克隆获得的BdCDPK14基因为二穗短柄草CDPK基因家族成员之一,参与其抗干旱胁迫反应,可作为候选基因用于二穗短柄草抗旱机制研究. 相似文献
16.
Yu L Alva A Su H Dutt P Freundt E Welsh S Baehrecke EH Lenardo MJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5676):1500-1502
Caspases play a central role in apoptosis, a well-studied pathway of programmed cell death. Other programs of death potentially involving necrosis and autophagy may exist, but their relation to apoptosis and mechanisms of regulation remains unclear. We define a new molecular pathway in which activation of the receptor-interacting protein (a serine-threonine kinase) and Jun amino-terminal kinase induced cell death with the morphology of autophagy. Autophagic death required the genes ATG7 and beclin 1 and was induced by caspase-8 inhibition. Clinical therapies involving caspase inhibitors may arrest apoptosis but also have the unanticipated effect of promoting autophagic cell death. 相似文献
17.
钙调神经磷酸酶B样相互作用蛋白激酶(CIPK)蛋白家族是由Ca2+介导的植物信号通路中的关键蛋白家族,在植物抗逆和生长发育中起关键作用。本研究将生物信息学方法和转录组数据分析相结合,挖掘出大麦31个HvCIPK基因家族成员并将其分为5个亚家族。HvCIPKs基因家族成员具有CIPKs典型的N端激酶结构域和C端NAF调节结构域；蛋白质分子量在40302.27~89926.43KDa之间,为亲水性蛋白；启动子总共包含11种与非生物胁迫、激素调控以及生长发育相关的顺式作用元件；蛋白互作网络预测结果显示,HvCIPKs与Na+、K+转运体、ABA信号通路关键蛋白(SOS1、AKT1和ABL2)存在相互作用关系；转录组数据分析发现HvCIPK1、HvCIPK2、HvCIPK6、HvCIPK9、HvCIPK11受盐碱胁迫的诱导表达。该研究为进一步探索大麦HvCIPKs基因家族功能及调控机制提供理论依据。 相似文献
18.
A yeast gene that is essential for release from glucose repression encodes a protein kinase 总被引：120，自引：0，他引：120
The SNF1 gene plays a central role in carbon catabolite repression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, namely that SNF1 function is required for expression of glucose-repressible genes. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned SNF1 gene was determined, and the predicted amino acid sequence shows that SNF1 encodes a 72,040-dalton polypeptide that has significant homology to the conserved catalytic domain of mammalian protein kinases. Specific antisera were prepared and used to identify the SNF1 protein. The protein was shown to transfer phosphate from adenosine triphosphate to serine and threonine residues in an in vitro autophosphorylation reaction. These findings indicate that SNF1 encodes a protein kinase and suggest that protein phosphorylation plays a critical role in regulation by carbon catabolite repression in eukaryotic cells. 相似文献
19.
为探讨小麦甲基结合域蛋白(TaMBD2)在植物生长发育过程中的调控功能,以TaMBD2基因的全长cDNA为模板,构建诱饵载体pGBKT7-TaMBD2,利用酵母双杂交系统从小麦cDNA文库中筛选TaMBD2互作蛋白。结果共筛选到91个菌斑显蓝色的克隆,对其进行菌液PCR检测并测序,然后在NCBI上进行BLAST比对分析,共获得8个可能与TaMBD2互作的蛋白,分别为二磷酸核苷激酶(NDPK)、ENTH结构域蛋白、SIAN蛋白、Agenet结构域蛋白、C2H2型锌指蛋白、磷酸激酶和2个假定蛋白,其中最有可能的TaMBD2互作蛋白为NDPK。这些候选蛋白主要参与细胞信号传导、抗逆、能量代谢和蛋白质运输等。其中,检测结果中参与植物抗逆胁迫的蛋白质为主要互作蛋白,所占比例为54.9%;参与蛋白质运输的互作蛋白所占比例为25.3%,其余互作蛋白所占比例较小。因此,推测TaMBD2可能主要参与植物对干旱、低温和高盐等非生物胁迫逆境的响应及调控。 相似文献
20.
The control of oxidant stress at fertilization. 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
B M Shapiro 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,252(5005):533-536
Metazoan eggs alter their coats after fertilization to protect the early embryo. In sea urchins, this modification consists of a rapid, coordinated set of noncovalent macromolecular assembly steps that are stabilized by protein cross-linking. The sea urchin egg uses an oxidative cross-linking reaction that requires hydrogen peroxide and a secreted peroxidase and thus faces the challenge of oxidant stress at the beginning of its development. Protection from the deleterious effects of this oxidative mechanism is afforded by regulation of the production and utilization of oxidizing species. This regulation requires a specific protein kinase C-activated oxidase and ovothiol, an intracellular antioxidant. 相似文献