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1.
细胞质对杂交水稻农艺性状遗传效应的研究（英文） 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
研究了野败、柳野、神奇、冈型、红野、包台、滇一和滇三等8种不育胞质对杂交水稻株高、穗颈长和产量等12个农艺性状的影响,分析了部分组合及其亲本花药的过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明,8种不育胞质对杂种一代的株高、穗颈长、穗数、成穗率、实粒数、结实率、千粒重、单株粒重和小区产量表现负效应,使抽穗期明显延迟,不育系配制的杂种产量较低是由于产量各构成因素均不同程度降低的结果,但不育胞质对杂种优势的负效应只是一个相对的概念,对配合力好、恢复度高的组合来说,这种负效应并不足以改变杂种优势的方向和程度。供试杂交水稻三系及其所配组合子代在成熟花药过氧化物酶同工酶活性（条带数、宽窄和密度）上表现明显可辨的差异,不育系＞恢复系和保持系,籼粳两组异质同核不育系间也有明显差异。提出了“细胞质效应”或“细胞质优势”的概念,用于评价不同质源不育系对杂种优势影响的方向核程度。 相似文献
2.
不同不育细胞质对杂种优势效应研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本试验通过用同核异质的２个不育系与６个恢复系配制的豆２个杂交组合，对其Ｆ_1代主要农艺性状的比较表明：细胞质对杂种优势的影响，在不同性状之间有差异，其中以株高、平均稳重两性状的差异达显著水平。进一步的细胞质效应来源分析还表明，不同不育细胞质对杂种优势的影响，其胞质效应变异占组合总变异的３．９１—９．１４％。证明在选配杂交水稻强优组合时，对不育胞质的选择也是有效的。 相似文献
3.
《杂交水稻》2017,(4)
以来源于不同地域的8个不同类型水稻品种为细胞质供体,以温敏核不育系株1S、准S作为细胞核供体,通过杂交和连续回交,得到8种细胞质2套核背景的同核异质温敏核不育系,将株1S、准S(为对照)及其同核异质温敏核不育系分别与4个恢复系杂交,得到72个同核异质两系杂交组合,比较分析了新质源杂交组合与对照杂交组合的主要农艺性状。结果表明,细胞质对同核异质两系杂交组合的8个农艺性状均表现出极显著的遗传效应,新质源整体上在大多数农艺性状上都表现出负效应;质核互作对8个农艺性状也均表现出显著的遗传效应。Lemont细胞质对两系杂交组合的全生育期、株高、单株生物产量、单株有效穗、每穗总粒数有显著的负效应,但对结实率有显著的正效应;V20A细胞质对两系杂交组合的全生育期有显著的正效应,对其余性状均表现出显著的负效应,不适合作两系杂交水稻的细胞质源;日本晴细胞质对两系杂交组合的单株生物产量有显著的正效应,而对全生育期与株高有一定的负效应,可在两系杂交水稻育种中加以利用。 相似文献
4.
为了筛选优良的新型小麦雄性不育系，对斯卑尔脱、云南铁壳麦、提莫非维小麦、拟斯卑尔脱山羊草等四种异源细胞质在同核异质条件下对不育系及其杂种一代的种子长度、重量及杂种优势的遗传效应作了比较研究。结果表明，斯卑尔脱细胞质对小麦种子大小、重量具有明显正效应，且筛选出了两个由其所配制的具明显杂种优势的杂交组合。这说明，斯卑尔脱细胞质不育系在栽培小麦中易于找到恢复源且恢复度高，其对种子大小和重量的稳定的正效应可能是产生较强杂种优势组合的重要原因之一。 相似文献
5.
温敏核不育基因在籼型三系遗传背景下的育性表达 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
用3个温敏核不育系培矮64S、6311S和360S与7个籼型质核互作型水稻雄性不育系及相应的保持系、3个恢复系配组,观察了51个组合的F1、19个F2及6个BC1的育性表现。结果表明：培矮64S温敏核不育性状由2对隐性基因控制,具有对质核互作型雄性不育系育性的强恢复基因;6311S温敏核不育性状由1对隐性基因控制,同时具有1对弱恢复基因;360S温敏核不育性状由1对隐性基因控制,但没有恢复基因。进一步利用4个细胞质雄性不育系/6311S组合F2群体中4个温敏核不育株与5个细胞质雄性不育系CMS配组,研究了杂交F1的育性,表明在可育细胞质背景下,三系恢复基因对温敏核不育基因的表达没有影响;在不育细胞质背景下,三系恢复基因是温敏核不育基因表达的关键。由此提出了选育不育细胞质背景的光温敏核不育系和温敏核不育背景的质核互作型不育系的策略。 相似文献
6.
为更好地揭示粘类小麦细胞质雄性不育系(CMS)的恢复性能、杂种优势和细胞质效应,以推动三系杂交小麦的生产应用,以4类19种异质粘类小麦CMS为母本,与系列恢复系亲本进行不完全双列杂交,获得248个互为同核异质、同质异核、异质异核的杂种F1,对粘类小麦CMS的恢复规律等进行了研究。结果表明:(1)影响粘类CMS恢复性能的主要因素是恢复系、不育系核型、不育系胞质类型,三因素对恢复度的影响表现为:恢复系>不育系核型>不育系胞质类型;(2)粘类CMS与系列恢复系的杂种F1穗长、分蘖均值分别为其亲本的1.129倍和1.273倍,具有很强的杂种优势,株高为亲本的0.997倍,具有一定的负向优势;(3)对粘类小麦CMS产生单倍体的影响表现为:不育系核型>不育系胞质类型>恢复系,单倍体产生程度与不育系核型和不育系胞质类型相关,单倍体产生频率只和不育系核型直接相关,单倍体产生频率与单倍体产生的严重程度没有直接关系,利用特定不育系核型可有效避免产生单倍体。 相似文献
7.
棉花杂种优势利用主要有三种途径:即人工去雄法、核雄性不育两系法和胞质不育三系法。胞质不育三系由于细胞质的减产效应和恢复系单一,未能实现商业应用;我国大部分单位采用人工去雄法生产杂交棉种子,但F1代种子生产的高劳动投入已成为人工去雄法大规模利用的“瓶颈”;以四川农科院经作所为代表而采用的核雄性不育两系法目前得到扩大应用,其中以转基因抗虫核不育系及其杂交组合在全国主产棉省的示范应用最受棉农欢迎。1棉花核不育杂交组合的共同特点1.1种子生产技术要求高。棉花核不育杂交组合的母本均为核雄性不育两用系,制种时需在蕾期识… 相似文献
8.
水稻籼粳亚种间杂交一代在一定程度上表现不育,这是利用亚种间杂种优势的主要障碍。多年来许多学者对舢粳杂种的部分不育性的遗传机理做了大量的研究,认为这种不育性受核基因控制。在育性基因作用的方式上,Oka[7,8]认为籼粳杂种F1的不育性由不同座位的配于重复致死基因引起。Ikehashi[10,12]则认为这种不育性受同一位点上一组复等位基因的控制,并提出单座位抱子体一配子体互作致死模式。这些解释都没有涉及细胞质与育性的关系。已有报道「“认为,细胞质对籼粳杂种后代的育性有着明显的影响。1994年,我们发现在LH422参与的某些杂交组… 相似文献
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10.
两系亚种间杂交水稻抽穗日数的杂种优势和配合力分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
用光敏核不育水稻与广亲和品种配制的两系杂交稻组合,目前已成为利用籼粳亚种间杂种优势的一条重要途径。但由于籼粳交杂种一代往往表现生育期延迟的特点,使一些产量优势明显的两系亚种间杂交组合因生育期过长而限制了在生产上应用。几年来,通过对许多籼粳杂种一代的观察,发现并非所有籼粳交组合都表现超亲迟熟,不同组合间存在明显差异,并且与亲本有关。因此,有必要研究两系杂交稻组合在生育期方面的杂种优势特点及不同亲本在这一性状上的配合力效应,为组配两系亚种间杂交组合的亲本选择提供理论依据。1 材料与方法1990年夏季,以5个籼型光敏核不育系为母本,10个广亲和品种为父本,按5×10不完全双列杂交组配50个杂交组合。5个光敏核不育系为W6154S,W6184S,KS-9,5460S和衡农S-1。 相似文献
11.
针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。 相似文献
12.
Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
13.
通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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1 吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切 相似文献
15.
Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods. 相似文献
16.
以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。 相似文献
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18.
M. D. Harrison Gestur Johnson R. D. Barmington 《American Journal of Potato Research》1970,47(10):386-393
A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly. 相似文献
19.
P. Mésochina W. Martin-Rosset † J.-L. Peyraud ‡ P. Duncan § D. Micol† S. Boulot¶ 《Grass and Forage Science》1998,53(2):189-196
Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R2= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r2= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r2= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r2= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands. 相似文献
20.
橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献