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1.
海北高寒湿地地气长、短波辐射的季节变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2004年微气象观测资料,分析了海北高寒湿地长、短波辐射以及地表反射率(A)和光合有效辐射(PAR)占太阳总辐射(DR)比例(η)的变化特征。结果表明,海北高寒湿地长、短波辐射均具有明显的季节变化。DR在12月最低,4月最高。PAR在12月最低,7月最高。受下垫面性质影响,反射辐射(UR)和A在1~2月明显大于其他季节,7~10月小,A在植物生长季节的5~9月平均值为0.172,年平均值为0.299。地面长波辐射(DLR)、大气逆辐射(ULR)和净辐射(Rn)的最低值均出现在1月,最大值出现时期则不同,DLR与Rn均出现在6月,而ULR出现在8月。地面有效辐射(ELR)无明显的季节变化。η的季节变化比较弱,7月最高值为0.434,1月最低值为0.316,年平均值为0.40。 相似文献
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Diurnal modulation and sources of variation affecting ventricular repolarization in Warmblood horses
《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2014,16(4):265-276
ObjectivesIrregularities in cardiac repolarization are known to predispose for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in humans. The QT interval is a quantitative measurement of repolarization, and clinically, the QTc (QT interval corrected for heart rate) and Tpeak to Tend intervals (TpTe) are used as repolarization markers. To support the use of these markers in horses, we sought to describe the possible influence of the environment, time of day, day-to-day effects, T wave conformation, age, body weight (BW), and horse-to-horse variation on repolarization measurements.Animals12 Warmblood geldings, age 10.8 ± 4.8 years.MethodsHolter ECGs were performed on days 0, 7 and 14. Measures of RR, QT, QTp, QTc and TpTe intervals and T wave conformation were obtained each hour during the recordings. An ANCOVA analysis was performed to estimate diurnal variation and the sources of variation affecting these intervals.ResultsDifferences between individual horses were the largest source of repolarization variability although the environment had a significant effect on repolarization as well. Diurnal variation affected both the RR interval and the repolarization markers. The QT, QTc and TpTe intervals were prolonged on day 0. Biphasic T waves shortened the TpTe interval approximately 10 ms. Age and BW did not appear to affect repolarization.ConclusionsEquine repolarization markers exhibit significant variation. Factors affecting repolarization measurements include horse-to-horse variation, diurnal variation, the environment, and T wave conformation. These factors must be considered if markers of equine repolarization are used diagnostically. 相似文献
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以RGB值设置的16种颜色的色纸和17种波段的LED灯为供试材料,以白色色纸和日光灯为对照,利用自制试验器材测定柑橘木虱对不同颜色和不同波段光波的趋性,旨在筛选出对柑橘木虱引诱效果最好的颜色和光波,为柑橘木虱的种群监测和绿色防控提供依据。结果表明,柑橘木虱对不同颜色的趋性存在较大差异,对草绿色、黄绿色、浅黄色、黄色、金色和橙色的选择率超过50%,其中对黄色和金色的趋性强,选择率分别达到72.63%和69.96%。柑橘木虱对不同波段光波的趋性也存在较大差异,对365-455 nm和480-525 nm波段光波的选择率超过50%,其中对365-415 nm波段紫外光的趋性最强,选择率为72.48%-80.39%,其次为480-525 nm波段的绿光,选择率为63.83%-75.00%,再次为420-455 nm波段的蓝光,选择率为59.58%-60.18%。 相似文献
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L G Adams 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):212-216
Nephroliths may obstruct the renal pelvis or ureter, predispose to pyelonephritis, or result in compressive injury of the renal parenchyma leading to progressive chronic kidney disease. Indications for removal of nephroliths in dogs include obstruction, recurrent infection, progressive nephrolith enlargement, presence of clinical signs (renal pain), and patients with nephroliths in a solitary functional kidney. The most common indication for removal of upper tract uroliths in cats is ureteral obstruction caused by ureteroliths. Nonobstructive nephroliths in cats are not usually treated unless they move into the ureter resulting in ureteral obstruction. The treatment approach to nephroliths and ureteroliths is different for dogs versus cats. Surgical removal of nephroliths or ureteroliths by nephrotomy and ureterotomy respectively is associated with potential for complications in more than 30% of cats treated by ureterotomy; therefore, minimally invasive options should also be considered. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment of nephroliths results in small “passable” stone fragments in most dogs, whereas ESWL does not work effectively in cats. Ureteral stents are effective for relief of ureteral obstruction by ureteroliths in both dogs and cats. Ureteral stents may be left in place long-term to relieve ureteral obstruction by ureteroliths. Post-operative morbidity and mortality are substantially lower for ureteral stent placement compared to open surgical ureterotomy in cats. 相似文献
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Electroretinography (ERG) is a commonly used technique to study retinal function in both clinical and research ophthalmology. ERG responses can be divided into component waveforms, analysis of which can provide insight into the health and function of different types and populations of retinal cells. In dogs, ERG has been used in the characterization of normal retinal function, as well as the diagnosis of retinal diseases and measuring effects of treatment. While many components of the recorded waveform are similar across species, dogs have several notable features that should be differentiated from the responses in humans and other animals. Additionally, modifications of standard protocols, such as changing flash frequency and stimulus color, and mathematical models of ERG waveforms have been used in studies of human retinal function but have been infrequently applied to visual electrophysiology in dogs. This review provides an overview of the origins and applications of ERG in addition to potential avenues for further characterization of responses in the dog. 相似文献
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Williams DC Aleman M Holliday TA Fletcher DJ Tharp B Kass PH Steffey EP LeCouteur RA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2008,22(3):630-638
BACKGROUND: The influence of sleep on the equine electroencephalogram (EEG) has not been well documented. HYPOTHESIS: The objectives were to develop a noninvasive method of electrode placement for recording the EEG in horses and to establish normal EEG parameters for the various states of vigilance. Findings are compared with previously published reports on equine sleep based on electrocorticography (ECoG). ANIMALS: Five neurologically normal horses. METHODS: Overnight EEGs were recorded digitally in association with simultaneous videotaping of the horses' behavior. Data were analyzed by visual inspection, states of vigilance were identified, and representative segments were quantitatively processed. Transient EEG events were examined. RESULTS: Slow wave sleep (SWS) was significantly different (P < .05) in frequency and power from drowsiness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Second-degree heart block was associated with SWS as were transient events commonly recognized in EEGs of humans. Drowsiness and REM sleep were similar. In both, background activity was low-amplitude beta activity admixed with prominent activity of approximately 4 Hz. Standing REM sleep was associated with numerous partial collapses in 1 horse. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Normative data for several states were described and probable benign variants identified. This information will serve as control data for sedative and anesthetic studies in this species. The sleep patterns observed during this study are those of horses removed from their usual surroundings, and thus may represent those encountered in a clinical environment. 相似文献
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DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN THE NORMAL DOG: PART II 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert M. Kirberger MMed Vet Paul Bland-vanden Berg MMedVet PhD Richard J. Grimbeek MSc 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1992,33(6):380-386
Doppler echocardiography was used to determine blood flow velocities in the normal canine heart. The areas examined were the mitral valve, left atrium, tricuspid valve, right atrium, aortic valve, left ventricular outflow tract, pulmonic valve and right ventricular outflow tract. This study then statistically evaluated the influence of breed, age, sex, heart rate, mass and various interactions of these factors on the cardiac flow values determined. Mass and heart rate had the most significant effect on the various determinations with decreasing mass and increasing heart rates generally resulting in increasing peak and mean velocities. The pulmonary artery was statistically judged as being the flow area most susceptible to such influences. Comparisons were made between pulsed and continuous wave Doppler for peak velocities over the four valve areas with only aortic flow, as measured from the left caudal view, showing a significant difference between the two techniques. Mitral flow as compared to tricuspid flow showed a statistically significant difference between peak late diastolic velocities only. The ratio of early mitral diastolic flow to late mitral diastolic flow was always greater than one. Pulmonary flow showed a number of statistically significant differences when compared to aortic flow. 相似文献
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G. BOSCH M.
de
MOS R.
van
BINSBERGEN H. T. M.
van
SCHIE C. H. A.
van de
LEST P. R.
van
WEEREN 《Equine veterinary journal》2009,41(4):335-341
Reasons for performing study: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is frequently used in equine practice, but little is known about its biological action. Objectives: To study the effects of ESWT on matrix structure and gene expression levels in normal, physiologically loaded tendinous structures in ponies. Methods: Six Shetland ponies, free of lameness and with ultrasonographically normal flexor and extensor tendons and suspensory ligaments (SL), were used. ESWT was applied at the origin of the suspensory ligament and the mid‐metacarpal region of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) 6 weeks prior to sample taking, and at the mid‐metacarpal region (ET) and the insertion on the extensor process of the distal phalanx (EP) of the common digital extensor tendon 3 h prior to tendon sampling. In all animals one forelimb was treated and the other limb was used as control. After euthanasia, tendon tissue was harvested for real‐time PCR to determine gene expression levels and additional samples were taken for histological evaluation and biochemical analyses Results: Histologically a disorganisation of the normal collagen structure was observed 3 h after ESWT, remnants of which were still visible after 6 weeks. While degraded collagen levels showed an increase at 3 h post treatment (P = 0.012) they were reduced at 6 weeks post ESWT (P = 0.039). Gene expression for both COL1 (P = 0.004) and MMP14 (P = 0.020) was upregulated at 6 weeks after treatment. Conclusions: Exposure of normal tendinous tissue to ESWT is not uneventful; it leads to a disorganisation of matrix structure and changes in degraded collagen levels. The upregulation of COL1 expression 6 weeks after ESWT may be indicative for repair. Potential relevance: The observed disorganisation of the collagen network warrants caution when using ESWT. Exposing noninjured tissue to ESWT should be avoided and it may be advisable to restrict exercise in recently treated patients. However, the induced tissue disorganisation might also be a trigger for repair in chronic tendinopathies. 相似文献
12.
马属动物结,代,促脉的脉图目测定脉 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以图示脉和目测定脉是中西兽医界长期未能实现的愿望。本文通过对中兽医文献的研究和对16例马、骡、驴的结、代脉脉象图的分析,总结了马属动物结、代、促脉的临床判定标准,并提出其脉图目测定脉标准,首次实现了以图示脉和目测定脉的愿望。马属动物结、代、促脉的临床判定标准是:缓而不规则的间歇为结脉,规则的间歇为代脉,数而不规则的间歇为促脉。其脉图目测定脉标准是:1.在若干个基本脉搏波之后出现1个表示脉搏歇止的异常波,异常波有规律地出现者为代脉,无规律地出现者属结脉或促脉;2.在定标1mv=10mm、走纸速度25mm/秒的前提下,在脉图记录纸上1个基本波与1个表示不规则间歇的异常波的波长合计,多于10个中格(长度多于50mm)者为结脉,少于10个中格者为促脉。 相似文献
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采用流变仪,扩散光谱和FTIR相结合的方法研究了NaCl对酪蛋白酸钠溶液特性的影响.添加NaCl后,FTIR图谱的形状和波峰并未发生变化,但是强度发生变化,分析原因为:NaCl同蛋白质竞争吸水,间接增加了蛋白质浓度,并且降低了体系的扩散性能,表现在特征衰减时间r的增加上,但是NaCl并未影响酪蛋白酸钠溶液的2级结构.流变学特性研究表明:3％和7.5％的酪蛋白酸钠溶液为牛顿流体,15％的酪蛋白酸钠溶液为非牛顿流体,添加NaCl能够显著增加体系的黏度值.对15％的酪蛋白酸钠溶液进行时间依赖性和触变性研究的结果表明,此时的体系是负触变性体系. 相似文献
15.
Introduction/objectiveThe T wave is a poorly characterized electrocardiographic variable in small animals. Therefore, this study aimed to describe T wave features in a large population of healthy dogs.Animals, materials, and methodsMedical records were reviewed to identify healthy dogs ≥one-year-olds that underwent an electrocardiogram. T wave qualitative (morphology, polarity, and concordance between R and T waves) and quantitative (duration, amplitude, mean electrical axis, ratio between T and R waves amplitudes, interval from the peak to the end of the T wave, and ratio between the duration of the latter interval and that of the QT) variables were evaluated. Continuous and categorical variables were compared between dogs of distinct sex, body weight (BW), age and somatotype using the Mann–Whitney U test and χ2 test, respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficients between quantitative variables and age and BW were calculated. Reference intervals of quantitative variables were determined in the overall population.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-nine dogs were enrolled. Concerning morphology, the asymmetrical (slow/fast) pattern occurred more frequently than the symmetrical and biphasic ones. Concerning polarity, positive T waves occurred more frequently than negative and neutral ones. T and R waves were predominantly concordant. No meaningful differences were found when comparing qualitative and quantitative variables between dogs of distinct sex, BW, age and somatotype. No significant correlations were found between quantitative variables and age and BW. Reference intervals of quantitative variables are provided.ConclusionsCanine T wave features were addressed and statistically reliable reference intervals made available for clinical use. 相似文献
16.
《畜牧兽医杂志》2012,39(3)
为了研究冰雹高速撞击对航空飞行器造成的损伤,需构建相应的试验系统,其中冰雹粒子特性分析是关键.从航空飞行器冰雹撞击试验的要求出发,对冰雹粒子的特性进行了全面分析.首先应用冲击波理论分析了冰雹破坏特性,以及冰雹出现裂纹的条件;然后对冰雹撞击运动过程进行了建模,给出了基于简单波的冰雹粒子运动方程;最后给出了冰雹撞击试验系统参数的计算程序.据此确定了冰雹撞击试验系统设计参数:撞击速度200-300 m/s,冰雹直径19 mm,气压0.6-1.0 MPa,气体炮炮管长度6 m.在此基础上成功开发国内首台冰雹试验系统,该系统所有特性均达到设计标准,证明了理论分析是正确的,符合冰雹撞击试验实际情况和要求. 相似文献
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Jakkhaphan Chasombat Takashi Nagai Rangsun Parnpai Thevin Vongpralub 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(1):15-24
Relatively few studies have been reported regarding the reproductive physiology of female Thai native cattle. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the follicular dynamics and concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) during the estrous cycle in Thai native heifers (TNH) and to compare obtained results with those of European and Indian cattle breeds previously reported. For the detection of estrus, ovaries of all 20 heifers were examined twice daily (12 h intervals) by ultrasonography for three consecutive estrous cycles. From data of 60 estrous cycles (n = 60 estrous cycles from 20 heifers), it was found that 14 (70%) and 6 heifers (30%) had two (42 estrous cycles collected from 14 heifers) and three follicular waves (18 estrous cycles collected from 6 heifers), respectively. The days when estrus was detected, interovulatory intervals, life‐spans of corpus lutea (CL), and days for growing and regression of CLs were shorter in the two follicular waves than those in the three follicular waves (P < 0.05). In both two and thre follicular waves, larger maximum diameters and higher growth rates of the dominant follicle (DF) in an ovulatory wave were observed than those of the preceding waves without ovulation (P < 0.05). There was a progressive increase in follicular size and FSH and E2 production during follicular growth in each follicular wave. In addition, the FSH and E2 peak concentrations during the ovulatory wave were higher than those of the anovulation waves (P < 0.05). Moreover, although the ovarian follicular dynamic patterns in Thai native heifers were similar to those previously reported for European and Indian cattle breeds, the diameter of the largest preovulatory follicle (OF), subordinate follicles (SF) and CLs were smaller than those in European and Indian cattle breeds. In conclusion, when compared with European and some breeds of Indian cattle, the length of interovulatory intervals was shorter, and the sizes of dominant SF and CLs were smaller in Thai native heifers. 相似文献
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Yuru Luo Ruiqi Zhang Jing Gao Yali Wang Weimin Zhang Suzhu Qing 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(7):822-832
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is one of the important regulatory factors of EGF family. EGF has been indicated to effectively inhibit the apoptosis of follicular cells, to promote the proliferation of granulosa cells and the maturation of oocytes, and to induce ovulation process via binding to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, little is known about the distribution and expression of EGF and EGFR in cattle ovary especially during oestrous cycle. In this study, the localization and expression rule of EGF and EGFR in cattle ovaries of follicular phase and luteal phase at different time points in oestrous cycle were investigated by using IHC and real-time qPCR. The results showed that EGF and EGFR in cattle ovary were mainly expressed in granulosa cells, cumulus cells, oocytes, zona pellucida, follicular fluid and theca folliculi externa of follicles. The protein and mRNA expression of EGF/EGFR in follicles changed regularly with the follicular growth wave both in follicular and in luteal phase ovaries. In follicular phase ovaries, the protein expression of EGF and EGFR was higher in antral follicles than that of those in other follicles during follicular growth stage, and the mRNA expression of EGFR was also increased in stage of dominant follicle selection. However, in luteal phase ovaries, the growth of follicles was impeded during corpus luteum development under the action of progesterone secreted by granular lutein cell. The mRNA and protein expressions of EGF and EGFR in ovarian follicles during oestrous cycle indicate that they play a role in promoting follicular development in follicular growth waves and mediating the selection process of dominant follicles. 相似文献
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运用方波伏安法快速测定溶液中过量的铅离子从而间接测定无机磷含量。在最佳试验测定条件下方波伏安峰高ip(μA)与磷的浓度(c)在0.2～20μg/mL内有良好的线性关系,回归方程为ip=54.82-2.39c,相关系数r=0.9876,检出限为0.085μg/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.44%,加标回收率为95%～99%。 相似文献