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1.
对甘肃省马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)束梗褐腐病病原进行了分离鉴定和生物学特性研究。经形态特征观察与rDNA-ITS序列分析, 将病原菌鉴定为细基束梗霉［Doratomyces stemonitis (Pers. ex Fr.) F.J. Morton & G. Smith］。生物学特性研究结果表明, 病菌菌丝生长最适温度为25～30 ℃, 最适pH为6, 病菌能利用多种碳源, 但以蔗糖最好, 氮源以甘氨酸最适, 光照对菌丝生长没有影响。分生孢子在5～40 ℃范围内均能萌发, 最适25 ℃, 最适pH为7, 分生孢子萌发需液态水, 湿度低于99%几乎不萌发, 马铃薯汁液和葡萄糖液对孢子萌发有较好的促进作用。本研究为马铃薯束梗褐腐病的防治提供了理论依据。 相似文献
2.
辣椒褐斑病菌生物学特性研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
本文对辣椒褐斑病病原菌Cercospora capsici Heald et Wolf的生物学特性进行了研究,结果表明,不同的营养、温度、pH等条件对菌丝生长和孢子萌发有显著影响。病菌菌丝的生长以PDA培养基为最适;适宜温度为20~25℃,最适温度为25℃;最适pH为8.0~9.0,光照对菌丝生长没有明显的促进作用,菌丝致死温度及时间为55℃ 10 min。分生孢子萌发适宜碳源为1%的蔗糖溶液,适宜氮源为1%的甘氨酸溶液;孢子萌发适宜温度为20~30℃,最适温度25℃;最适pH为5~6,光照对孢子萌发没有明显的促进作用,分生孢子致死温度及时间为52℃10 min。 相似文献
3.
采用离体接种法对龙船花叶部病害的一种真菌进行了鉴定和生物学特性测定。结果表明,致病性测定与田间症状相似。通过对病原菌形态学、rDNA-ITS和β-微管蛋白序列的综合分析,确定该病原菌为龙船花拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis ixorae)。生物学特性测定表明,菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发最适温度为25℃,最适pH分别为6和7;光照更有利于菌丝生长;碳源以可溶性淀粉和D-甘露糖、氮源以硝酸钠最利于菌丝生长;分生孢子在液态水中萌发率最高,为85.3%;菌丝致死温度为50℃10 min,分生孢子致死温度为50℃20 min或55℃5 min。 相似文献
4.
番茄茎基腐病病原菌的生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对番茄茎基腐病病原菌生物学特性研究结果表明:病菌菌丝在供试PDA、PSA、2%水琼脂、Richard、番茄煎汁、燕麦片和番茄燕麦等7种培养基中均能良好生长,而在2%水琼脂培养基上生长较为缓慢;菌丝在2～32℃范围内均能生长,最适20℃,致死温度为50℃,10min;菌丝生长的pH范围为3～10,最适为5～7;光照对菌丝生长影响较小。病菌在7种供试培养基上均能产生菌核;菌核在10种供试营养物质中均能萌发,萌发温度范围为5～30℃,最适20℃,致死温度为59℃,10min;菌核萌发pH范围为3～10,最适为7。 相似文献
5.
茄子绒菌斑病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文针对辽宁省近年茄子设施栽培生产上趋重发生的叶部病害——绒菌斑病,对该病的病原菌进行了鉴定及其生物学特性研究。通过病原菌形态学鉴定,柯赫氏法则证病,并对病菌经rDNA-ITS测序,鉴定该病致病菌为真菌灰毛茄钉孢［Passalora nattrassii?(Deighton)U. Braun & Crous］。病菌生物学特性测定结果表明：病菌菌丝生长以PDA+茄叶煎汁培养基为最适;适宜菌丝生长的碳源和氮源分别为可溶性淀粉和胰蛋白胨;适宜温度为25 ℃;最适pH为6;黑暗条件下菌丝生长较好;菌丝致死温度为59 ℃,10min。病菌分生孢子萌发试验结果表明,茄叶汁能明显促进其萌发,碳源以麦芽糖、氮源以硫酸铵最适于孢子萌发,孢子萌发的适宜温度为30 ℃;最适pH为5;光暗交替条件下萌发情况较好;分生孢子致死温度为57 ℃,10min。 相似文献
6.
西瓜绵腐病菌生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文针对辽宁省西瓜生产上近年趋重发生的绵腐病,通过病原菌形态特征观察、柯赫氏法则证病试验、rDNA-ITS序列测定及分析,确定其致病菌为瓜果腐霉(Pythium a phanidermatum);并对该病原菌的主要生物学特性进行了研究.试验结果表明:菌丝在黄瓜煎汁培养基、蔗糖培养基、硫酸铵、甘氨酸培养基中生长最适;其生长最适温度35℃,最适pH为6～8;光照对菌丝生长影响较小;菌丝致死温度为51℃,10 min.产生孢子囊以菠菜煎汁培养基为最适,在麦芽糖、硝酸钾培养基中孢子囊产生量最大;产生孢子囊的最适温度为25℃、最适pH为8;光照培养产生孢子囊数量最多. 相似文献
7.
为明确引起云南核桃叶枯病的病原及其生物学特性,本文对分离自叶枯病病斑上的一株拟盘多毛孢进行了形态学和分子生物学鉴定,并通过柯赫氏法则验证其致病性;采用生长速率法、悬滴法和载玻片法研究其菌丝生长和孢子萌发的生物学特性。结果表明,该菌株为小孢拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis microspora,是引起云南核桃叶枯病的新病原。该病原菌的最适生长温度为20～25℃,最适光周期L//D=12 h//12 h,最适生长pH为4～8。病原菌的分生孢子萌发受pH和湿度的影响较大,在中性及碱性环境下不萌发,最适萌发pH为4～5;在高于90%的相对湿度下才能萌发。分生孢子在20～25℃下萌发率最高,全光照最适于孢子萌发;核桃叶汁液对分生孢子萌发有显著的促进作用。 相似文献
8.
辣椒胶孢炭疽菌生物学特性初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从广西南宁市采集辣椒炭疽病果实病害标本,进行病原菌分离培养、致病性测定及形态学鉴定,选择引起辣椒炭疽病的病原菌之--胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)进行生物学特性研究,结果表明:在测试的不同温度、pH、湿度、光照和营养中,该菌的菌丝体生长和产孢的最适温度分别为25℃和30℃,菌丝体生长和产孢的最适pH值为7,光照对菌丝生长的影响不大,在光暗交替下可促进产孢;分生孢子萌发的最适温度为30℃,最适pH值为7,分生孢子在相对湿度为100%和100%+水滴中能萌发,在100%+水滴中萌发率最高,为99.5%,光照对孢子萌发影响不大;辣椒煎水和辣椒煎水+蔗糖可促进附着胞形成,附着胞在辣椒煎汁中形成率最高,达到90%. 相似文献
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11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
13.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
14.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献
15.
L. Blommers H. Helsen F. Vaal 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1988,94(2):95-103
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed. 相似文献
16.
F. K. Crutcher M. A. Henry‐Gregory H. H. Wilkinson S. E. Duke T. Wheeler C. M. Kenerley 《Plant pathology》2018,67(4):839-847
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population. 相似文献
17.
Pedro W. Crous J.Z. Groenewald Walter Gams 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(8):841-850
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov. 相似文献
18.
Dr. M. Schulte 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2005,57(2-3):37-46
Zusammenfassung Herbizidresistente Kulturpflanzen nehmen unter den derzeit weltweit angebauten gentechnisch veränderten Ackerbaukulturen Sojabohne, Baumwolle, Raps und Mais den weit überwiegenden Anteil ein. Als Ursachen für die rasche Zunahme der Anbauflächen herbizidresistenter Sorten sind unter anderem die Unzulänglichkeiten der für diese Kulturen bestehenden Herbizidlösungen sowie die Zunahme der pfluglosen Bestellverfahren zu sehen. Im Gegenzug hat die Minimalbodenbearbeitung aufgrund der Einführung der Herbizidresistenztechnologie, insbesondere in Sojabohne, ein ausgeprägtes Flächenwachstum erfahren.Als Entscheidungskriterien für die Wahl des Unkrautbekämpfungssystems unter Einbezug des Anbaus herbizidresistenter oder konventioneller Sorten lassen sich aus den Erfahrungen der vergangenen 8 Jahre anführen: Sortenleistung, erhöhte Kulturverträglichkeit und zeitliche Anwendungsflexibilität, Wirkungssicherheit einer Nachauflaufbehandlung in Trockenregionen, Wirkungsbreite, Wirkungsdauer und Bekämpfung resistenter Unkrautbiotypen. Aufgrund fehlender Zulassungen und Kennzeichnungsvorschriften in wichtigen Exportmärkten sind für den Anbau transgener Sorten in Übersee auch Vermarktungseinschränkungen sowie für den Anbau in Europa Haftungs- und Koexistenzregeln wichtige einzelbetriebliche Entscheidungsparameter.Fortschritte erfährt die Herbizidresistenztechnologie kurz- und mittelfristig in der Weiterentwicklung bereits praktizierter Spritzfolgen und Tankmischungen zu Fertigformulierungen der Komplementärherbizide mit residualen Partnern. Zur Bekämpfung und Vorbeugung der Ausbreitung neuer herbizidresistenter Biotypen werden die Komplementärherbizide mit Partnern anderer Wirkungsmechanismen kombiniert. Weitere Entwicklungen sind die Kombination verschiedener transgener Merkmale mit der Herbizidresistenz sowie die Ausweitung von den derzeit dominierenden Kulturen auf weltweit weniger bedeutsame Kulturen, in denen die Entwicklung neuer konventioneller Herbizidwirkstoffe bisher wenig erfolgreich war oder im Verhältnis zum Aufwand nur bedingt attraktiv ist. Für die langfristige Entwicklung könnte die Plastidentransformation zur Verhinderung einer unerwünschten Ausbreitung transgener Merkmale Bedeutung erlangen. 相似文献
19.
P. Oyarzun M. Gerlagh A. E. Hoogland 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(1):23-33
Research on root rot pathogens of peas in the Netherlands has confirmed the prevalence ofFusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Pythium spp.,Mycosphaerella pinodes andPhoma medicaginis var.pinodella. Aphanomyces euteiches andThielaviopsis basicola were identified for the first time as pea pathogens in the Netherlands. Other pathogens such asRhizoctonia solani andCylindrocarpon destructans were also found on diseased parts of roots.
F. solani existed in different degrees of pathogenicity, and was sometimes highly specific to pea, dwarf bean of field bean, depending on the cropping history of the field.A. euteiches was specific to peas, whereasT. basicola showed some degree of physiological specialization. 相似文献
20.
R. A. Daamen C. J. Langerak W. Stol 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1991,97(2):105-114
Data from surveys of winter wheat fields in the period 1974–1986 and of seed lots in the period 1962–1986 and identifications of diseases on plant samples were compiled to describe the occurrence of snow mould (Monographella nivalis) andFusarium spp. On average,M. nivalis dominated overFusarium spp. The complex ofFusarium spp. constituted mainly ofF. culmorum, followed byF. avenaceum andF. graminearum. M. nivalis was dominant in May on stem-bases and in July on leaves and leaf sheaths. On seedsM. nivalis predominated only in years with low temperatures in July and August.Average brown footrot infection in the field was 4% tillers in May and 5% culms in July. Brown footrot intensity in July was high in cropping seasons with high precipitation in October and with low temperatures in October, November and December. In July during the early eighties, an average of 8% of leaves and 6% of flag leaf sheaths were infected byM. nivalis. Average ear blight incidence was 1.2% glumes infected. Seed contamination by these pathogens averaged 16% in the years 1962–1986. The contamination was high in years with high precipitation in June, July and August. Aspects of cv. resistance and yield loss are illustrated. 相似文献