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1.
• Background
The Holm oak (Quercus ilex ssp. ballota [Desf.] Samp.) is an evergreen tree widely distributed in the western Mediterranean Basin. Forest restoration programs using this species have enjoyed only limited success, and knowledge concerning the effect of fertilization on plant quality and post-transplantation response is sparse. 相似文献2.
• Introduction
Laricio pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arn. ssp. laricio (Poiret) Maire var Corsicana Hyl.) is a form of black pine endemic to Corsica, that may now be under threat due to current fire regimes and competition with maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton). 相似文献3.
Alexandru Lucian Curtu Nicolae Sofletea Alin Vasile Toader Mihai Cristian Enescu 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(7):1163-1172
• Introduction
The study of phenotypic and genetic differentiation between incipient species or species that have recently diverged provides insights into the evolutionary history of species complexes and may contribute to our understanding of how species will evolve in contrasting environmental conditions. 相似文献4.
Faruk Bogunić Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev Edina Muratović Fatima Pustahija Safer Medjedović 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(1):179-187
• Introduction
The most common representatives of the European mountain pine complex (Pinus mugo s.l.) are P. mugo s.s. and Pinus uncinata. 相似文献5.
Akram Taghizadeh Saroukolai Saeid Moharramipour Mohammad Hadi Meshkatalsadat 《Journal of pest science》2010,83(1):3-8
Red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) are considered to be the major insect pests in storage. Essential oils from aromatic plants are recognized as proper
alternatives to fumigants. Thymus persicus (Ronniger ex Rech. f.) is one of these plants that have medicinal properties and is indigenous to Iran. The essential oil
was obtained from aerial parts of the plant and analyzed by GC and GC–MS. Carvacrol (44.69%) and thymol (11.05%) were the
major constituents of the oil extracted. In this experiment, fumigant toxicity of the essential oil was studied against T. castaneum, S. oryzae at 27 ± 1°C and 60 ± 5% RH in dark condition. The adult insects were exposed to the concentrations of 51.9, 111.1, 207.4
and 370.4 μl/l air to estimate median lethal time (LT50) values. The fumigant toxicity was increased in response to increased essential oil concentrations. The LT50 values at the lowest and the highest concentrations tested were ranged from 28.09 to 13.47 h for T. castaneum, and 3.86 to 2.30 h for S. oryzae. It was found that S. oryzae adults were much more susceptible to the oil than T. castaneum. After 24 h of exposure, the LC50 values (95% fiducial limit) for T. castaneum and S. oryzae were estimated to be 236.9 (186.27–292.81) and 3.34 (2.62–4.28) μl/l air, respectively. These results suggest that T. persicus essential oil merits further study as potential fumigant for the management of these stored-product insects. 相似文献
6.
Patricia Delgado Daniel Piñero Virginia Rebolledo Lev Jardón Francisco Chi 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(1):121-128
• Introduction
The recognition of endangered species takes into account geographic isolation and small size of populations, as is the case of two populations of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis distributed in México. 相似文献7.
Introduction
The artificial regeneration of oaks (Quercus spp.) can supplement deficient natural regeneration, yet growth and physiology of newly planted seedlings are often negatively affected by animal herbivory. Alternative nursery stock types with improved stress resistance may help improve regeneration success. 相似文献8.
Context
The European black poplar (Populus nigra) is considered one of the most seriously endangered indigenous tree species. However, the total area covered by monoclonal plantations of hybrid poplar is growing, because of the high profitability of these trees. 相似文献9.
Gustavo Guzmán Timo Pukkala Marc Palahí Sergio de-Miguel 《Annals of Forest Science》2012,69(3):335-343
Context
Pinus radiata D. Don is the most widely planted conifer in the Inter-Andean Valleys of Bolivia. However, Bolivia lacks knowledge on stand dynamics and yield prediction of radiata pine, and the particular Bolivian conditions prevent a straightforward application of equations developed elsewhere. 相似文献10.
Maria Margarida Ribeiro Leopoldo Sanchez Carla Ribeiro Fátima Cunha José Araújo Nuno M. G. Borralho Cristina Marques 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(4):701-714
• Introduction
Tree genetic improvement programs usually lack, in general, pedigree information. Since molecular markers can be used to estimate the level of genetic similarity between individuals, we genotyped a sample of a Portuguese Eucalyptus globulus breeding population—a reference population of 125 individuals—with 16 microsatellites (SSR). 相似文献11.
A dramatic decline in forest cover in eastern Africa along with a growing population means that timber and poles for building
and fuelwood are in short supply. To overcome this shortage, the region is increasingly turning to eucalyptus. But eucalyptus
raises environmental concerns of its own. Fears that it will deplete water supply, affect wildlife and reduce associated crop
yields have caused many countries in the region to discourage farmers from planting this exotic. This paper is part of a series
of investigations on the growth and water use efficiency of faster growing eucalyptus hybrids, which was introduced from South
Africa to Kenya. The hypothesis is that the new hybrids are more efficient in using water and more suitable for the semi-arid
tropics than existing eucalyptus and two popular agroforestry species. Gas exchange characteristics of juvenile Eucalyptus grandis (W. Hill ex Maiden), two eucalyptus hybrids (E. grandis × Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh.), Grevillea robusta (A. Cunn) and Cordia africana (Lam) was studied under field and pot conditions using an infrared gas analyzer was used to measure photosynthetic active
radiation (PAR), net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (g
s) and transpiration rate (E) at CO2 concentrations of 360 μmol mol−1 and ambient humidity and temperature. A, E and g
s varied between species, being highest in eucalyptus hybrid GC 15 (24.6 μmol m−2 s−1) compared to eucalyptus hybrid GC 584 (21.0 μmol m−2 s−1), E. grandis (19.2 μmol m−2 s−1), C. africana (17.7 μmol m−2 s−1) and G. robusta (11.1 μmol m−2 s−1). C. africana exhibited high E values (7.0 mmol m−2 s−1) at optimal soil moisture contents than G. robusta (3.9 mmol m−2 s−1) and eucalyptus (5.3 mmol m−2 s−1) in field experiment and G. robusta (3.2 mmol m−2 s−1) and eucalyptus (4.2 mmol m−2 s−1) in pot-grown trees. At very low soil moisture content, extremely small g
s values were recorded in GC 15 and E. grandis (8 mmol m−2 s−1) and G. robusta (14 mmol m−2 s−1) compared to GC 584 (46.9 mmol m−2 s−1) and C. africana (90.0 mmol m−2 s−1) indicating strong stomatal control by the species. Instantaneous water use efficiency ranged between 3 and 5 μmol mmol−1 and generally decreased with decline in soil moisture in pot-grown trees but increased with declining soil moisture in field-grown
trees. 相似文献
12.
The efficacy of NeemAzal powder, two local neem (Azadirachta indica
) products [neem seed powder (NSP) and neem seed oil (NSO)], as well as a local Lamiaceae, Plectranthus glandulosus leaf powder, applied at four different rates for the control of Sitophilus zeamais was determined. Mortality was recorded 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after S. zeamais infestation, followed by the determination of F1 progeny production. Grain damage, population increase and grain germination were assessed for treated grains that were stored
for 4 months. Grains treated with P. glandulosus powder and NSP had relatively low mortality (5.0–22.5%) after 3 days whereas NeemAzal and NSO had higher mortality (55.0–98.8%).
Maximum mortality of 99, 100, 96 and 74% were achieved for NeemAzal (12 g/kg after 14 days), NSO (4 ml/kg after 7 days), NSP
(40 g/kg after 14 days) and P. glandulosus powder (40 g/kg, after 14 days), respectively. In the same order, 7-day LC50 values were 0.02 g/kg, 1.46 ml/kg, 12.44 g/kg and 28.9 g/kg. The three neem products greatly reduced progeny emergence, while
P. glandulosus powder was less effective. NeemAzal protected the grains against S. zeamais damage better than the local neem products, which in turn provided far better grain protection against the weevil damage
than P. glandulosus powder. NeemAzal was superior to the local neem products in grain protection against germination loss, with P. glandulosus being the least effective. NeemAzal and NSO had sufficient efficacy to be a component of an integrated management package
for S. zeamais. 相似文献
13.
Context
Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon), is a fast-growing, high-quality, appearance-grade timber species native to eastern Australia. Some of its key wood properties are percentage heartwood, heartwood colour, basic density, wood stiffness and green moisture content. Variation in these properties affects log value, processing and marketing. 相似文献14.
Javier Madrigal Eva Marino Mercedes Guijarro Carmen Hernando Carmen Díez 《Annals of Forest Science》2012,69(3):387-397
• Introduction
The abandonment of rural areas has led to an increase of the fire-prone European gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) communities in some regions, where prescribed burning is a technique applied to control them. Understanding flammability changes after treatments is crucial for the sustainable use of fire. 相似文献15.
David Paul Blackburn Matthew G. Hamilton Chris E. Harwood Trevor C. Innes Bradley M. Potts Dean Williams 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(7):1187-1195
• Introduction
There is increasing interest in managing Eucalyptus nitens plantations for sawn timber production. 相似文献16.
A digestion trial was conducted to estimate the potential contribution of the chaparral browse Quercus durata (leather oak) and Adenostoma fasciculatum (chamise) on intake and nutrient digestion in goats and sheep. Four wether Kiko goats (avg. wt. 22.9 kg) and four wether
Targhee sheep (avg. wt. 39.6 kg) were housed in metabolism cages. Alfalfa pellets were used as a dietary supplement. Digestibility
of the shrubs was measured by difference and metabolizable energy (ME) and ME intake (MEI) were calculated from digestibility
and plants intake values. Oak and chamise had low crude protein (CP) content (6.5 and 4.3% DM) and high content of extractable
condensed tannins (17.8 and 9.8% DM). In vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) and ME for oak and chamise were 35.6 and
33.1% and 5.0 and 4.7 MJ/kg DM, respectively. In vivo OMD (calculated by difference with alfalfa) and MEI, for browse were
greater (P < 0.01) for goats fed chamise compared to sheep. In oak, OMD was similar for both animal species but MEI was greater (P < 0.01) for goats. Greater (P < 0.05) DM and CP intakes (per kg BW0.75) were observed for goats fed either oak or chamise compared with sheep. When an energy source was given as supplement, the
potential contribution of chamise and oak to total ME requirements for maintenance was about 58.3 and 60.4% in goats and about
17.1 and 32.9% in sheep, respectively. In consequence, metabolizable energy supplied by these shrubs may not be adequate for
maintenance when, during grazing, they are consumed in high proportions with other chaparral plants that may have lower nutritional
value than the alfalfa supplemented in this study. Under an appropriate supplementation program, goats could be more effective
than sheep to control fuel load in California chaparral, as they consume more chamise and leather oak and obtain more nutrients
from them. 相似文献
17.
Gilles Chaix Olivier Monteuuis Charles Garcia David Alloysius Jikos Gidiman Roberto Bacilieri Doreen K. S. Goh 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(5):1015-1026
• Introduction
As a forest species, genetic variability is high in teak (Tectona grandis) and domestication of the species is very recent. The selection effect among qualitative and quantitative traits is therefore expected to be strong. Native provenances and clonal seed orchard families were compared in this study. 相似文献18.
Introduction
Triploid breeding is one of the most powerful approaches for improvement of the genus Populus L. Pollination with artificial unreduced (2n) pollen was inefficiency, owing to weak competition of 2n pollen. To induce 2n megaspores and improve the efficiency of triploid production, female buds of Populus pseudo-simonii × Populus nigra ‘Zheyin3#’ were exposed to high temperature during megasporogenesis. 相似文献19.
Guillermo J. Martínez Pastur Pablo L. Peri Juan M. Cellini María V. Lencinas Marcelo Barrera Horacio Ivancich 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(3):587-594
•Introduction
Silviculture systems applied in Nothofagus pumilio forests are based on opening the canopy to stimulate natural regeneration by modifying light and soil moisture. The objective is to evaluate regeneration dynamics of N. pumilio along different forest canopy and solar radiation gradients. 相似文献20.
Andrea Cutini Paolo Bongi Francesco Chianucci Nives Pagon Stefano Grignolio Emilio Amorini Marco Apollonio 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(4):667-674