共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 11 毫秒
1.
Hermans D Van Deun K Martel A Van Immerseel F Messens W Heyndrickx M Haesebrouck F Pasmans F 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):82
ABSTRACT: Campylobacter contaminated broiler chicken meat is an important source of foodborne gastroenteritis and poses a serious health burden in industrialized countries. Broiler chickens are commonly regarded as a natural host for this zoonotic pathogen and infected birds carry a very high C. jejuni load in their gastrointestinal tract, especially the ceca. This eventually results in contaminated carcasses during processing. Current intervention methods fail to reduce the colonization of broiler chicks by C. jejuni due to an incomplete understanding on the interaction between C. jejuni and its avian host. Clearly, C. jejuni developed several survival and colonization mechanisms which are responsible for its highly adapted nature to the chicken host. But how these mechanisms interact with one another, leading to persistent, high-level cecal colonization remains largely obscure. A plethora of mutagenesis studies in the past few years resulted in the identification of several of the genes and proteins of C. jejuni involved in different aspects of the cellular response of this bacterium in the chicken gut. In this review, a thorough, up-to-date overview will be given of the survival mechanisms and colonization factors of C. jejuni identified to date. These factors may contribute to our understanding on how C. jejuni survival and colonization in chicks is mediated, as well as provide potential targets for effective subunit vaccine development. 相似文献
2.
Campylobacter jejuni, which is now recognized as a discrete species, is a gram negative, microaerophilic, thermophilic, nalidixic acid sensitive, hippurate positive pathogen requiring special selective media for propogation. The organism is widely distributed in avian species, experimental and companion animals and in humans. Mammalian campylobacteriosis is characterized by an enterocolitis of variable severity. The prevalence of the condition is relatively high in young individuals, in underdeveloped countries and in subjects with diarrhea. Food animals, especially poultry, are reservoirs of the organism and infection occurs following consumption of untreated surface water, unpasteurized milk, incompletely cooked meat or other contaminated food products. Close contact with infected immature companion animals is a significant cause of campylobacteriosis in children and direct intrafamilial transmission and occupational infection have been documented. Campylobacteriosis attributable to C. jejuni is a condition of emerging significance which arises principally from deficiencies in hygiene inherent in the environment and in the food chain which extends from domestic animals to the consumer. 相似文献
3.
Alter T Gaull F Kasimir S Gürtler M Fehlhaber K 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(5-6):214-219
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the slaughter process on the Campylobacter (C.) coli prevalence on pig carcasses and finally pork. To detect C. spp., faecal samples, organ samples and surfaces of slaughter pigs were sampled. Additionally, various abattoir surfaces (n=208) and 227 pork and minced meat samples were included in our study.Whereas a high C. spp. prevalence (64.0%) was detectable in the faeces of slaughter pigs (all isolates were identified as C. coli), low detection rates were observed on pig carcasses after the slaughter process before the chilling period (21.1%).The impact of chilling reduced the detection rate of C spp. on pig carcasses even further to 0.8%. Only C. jejuni strains were isolated after the chilling process. Chilling and the associated drying of the skin are responsible for that massive reduction of C. spp prevalence. Significantly more C. spp. were isolated from livers compared to the corresponding carcasses. Only 5 out of 208 swab samples from different surfaces of the abattoir were C. coli positive. Bacteriological investigation could not detect any C. spp. strains from pork and minced pork meat.The low detection rates at the end of the slaughter and processing line indicate that pork may only play a minor role in the transmission of C. coli infections to humans. By genotyping C. coli-isolates from selected animals we were able to demonstrate three possible ways of contamination of the slaughter carcass surface. Genetically highly related strains were detectable on carcass surfaces of consecutively slaughtered animals. Faecal isolates and isolates from the carcass surface showed occasional high similarities. C. coli-genotypes from tonsils and genotypes from the corresponding slaughter carcasses formed a close cluster. 相似文献
4.
Van Deun K Pasmans F Ducatelle R Flahou B Vissenberg K Martel A Van den Broeck W Van Immerseel F Haesebrouck F 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,130(3-4):285-297
Although poultry meat is now recognized as the main source of Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis, little is known about the strategy used by the bacterium to colonize the chicken intestinal tract. In this study, the mechanism of C. jejuni colonization in chickens was studied using four human and four poultry isolates of C. jejuni. The C. jejuni strains were able to invade chicken primary cecal epithelial crypt cells in a predominantly microtubule-dependent way (five out of eight strains). Invasion of cecal epithelial cells was not accompanied by necrosis or apoptosis in the cell cultures, nor by intestinal inflammation in a cecal loop model. C. jejuni from human origin displayed a similar invasive profile compared to the poultry isolates. Invasiveness of the strains in vitro correlated with the magnitude of spleen colonization in C. jejuni inoculated chicks. The C. jejuni bacteria that invaded the epithelial cells were not able to proliferate intracellularly, but quickly evaded from the cells. In contrast, the C. jejuni strains were capable of replication in chicken intestinal mucus. These findings suggest a novel colonization mechanism by escaping rapid mucosal clearance through short-term epithelial invasion and evasion, combined with fast replication in the mucus. 相似文献
5.
Cloacal swabs from 487 live birds in 36 flocks and 70 poultry carcasses were cultured for Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. It was isolated from 12.3% of the birds in 19 flocks. Chickens, turkeys, and guinea fowl differed from one another in isolation rates of the organism. Management system affected its occurrence, and only 7.1% of eviscerated carcasses yielded it. It was concluded that bird species, management system, and immersing slaughtered poultry in boiling water before dressing affect recovery of C. fetus subsp. jejuni from live birds and carcasses. 相似文献
6.
Sahin O Morishita TY Zhang Q 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2002,3(2):95-105
Since its recognition as a human pathogen in the early 1970s, Campylobacter jejuni has now emerged as the leading bacterial cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in developed countries. Poultry, particularly chickens, account for the majority of human infections caused by Campylobacter. Reduction or elimination of this pathogen in the poultry reservoir is an essential step in minimizing the public health problem; however, farm-based intervention measures are still not available because of the lack of understanding of the ecological aspects of C. jejuni on poultry farms. Although Campylobacter is highly prevalent in poultry production systems, how poultry flocks become infected with this organism is still unknown. Many investigations indicate that horizontal transmission from environmental sources is the primary route of flock infections by Campylobacter. However, some recent studies also suggest the possibility of vertical transmission from breeder to progeny flocks. The transmission of the organism is not well understood, but it is likely to be through both vertical and horizontal transmission and may be affected by the immune status of the poultry host and the environmental conditions in the production system. Intervention strategies for Campylobacter infection in poultry should consider the complex nature of its transmission and may require the use of multiple approaches that target different segments of the poultry production system. 相似文献
7.
An investigation was conducted in Morogoro municipality to assess the likelihood of slaughter cattle posing public health
risk of contaminating carcasses with thermophilic Campylobacter. Butchers and meat shopkeepers were interviewed on source of slaughter cattle, method of animal and carcass transportation,
carcass dressing, meat storage facilities, access to clean water and availability of food hygiene practices. Faecal samples
were collected from 107 slaughter cattle and after slaughter; four different parts of dressed carcasses (i.e. from ham, neck,
pelvis and thigh muscles) were also sampled. In addition 107 cattle meat samples for Campylobacter culture were collected in different meat shops. The samples were subjected to standard bacteriological examination using
Skirrows protocol. It was found that cattle slaughter, dressing and meat handling in meatshops was done under unhygienic condition.
Thermophilic Campylobacter prevalence in slaughter cattle was 5.6% while contamination rate of dressed carcasses and cattle meat at shops was 9.3% and
1.9%, respectively. The majority of thermophilic Campylobacter isolated were C. jejuni (88.9%) while C. coli was isolated at 11.1%. Findings of this study suggest possibility of humans acquiring zoonotic Campylobacter infections from cattle meat particularly when meat preparation and processing is not done properly. More work is required
to establish the magnitude of zoonotic enteric Campylobacteriosis in humans and epidemiological role of cattle and other animals in the study area. 相似文献
8.
The effect of lactic acid sprays on Campylobacter jejuni inoculated onto poultry carcasses. 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Spraying poultry carcasses with 1% lactic acid 10 min after inoculation with Campylobacter jejuni, resulted in a significant reduction in the number of the bacteria after 4 h at 4 degrees C. Some of the inoculated cells, however, survived for at least 144 h. Spraying 10 min after inoculation with 2% lactic acid, totally eliminated all inoculated C. jejuni within 24 h. On the other hand, spraying 24 h after inoculation, with either 1% or 2% lactic acid did not eliminate all the bacteria. Inoculated C. jejuni on poultry carcasses not sprayed with lactic acid, survived at 4 degrees C throughout the sampling period (up to 144 h) and showed little tendency to decrease in number even when the carcasses started to deteriorate. Resident campylobacters on poultry carcasses were significantly reduced by the lactic acid treatment. Frozen and thawed chickens appeared to show a graying of the skins immediately after spraying with lactic acid, slightly stronger with 2% lactic acid, but the colour reverted to normal after 24 h. We were not able to observe any colour change on the fresh broiler chickens after lactic acid treatment. Our results indicated that lactic acid had a significant bactericidal effect on C. jejuni on both naturally and artificially contaminated poultry carcasses. This effect, however, became manifest only several hours after acid treatment. 相似文献
9.
Hermans D Van Deun K Messens W Martel A Van Immerseel F Haesebrouck F Rasschaert G Heyndrickx M Pasmans F 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,152(3-4):219-228
Campylobacter-contaminated poultry meat is an important source of foodborne gastroenteritis and poses a serious health burden in industrialized countries. Broiler chickens are commonly regarded as a natural host for this pathogen and infected birds carry a very high Campylobacter load in their gastrointestinal tract, especially the ceca. This results in contaminated carcasses during processing. While hygienic measures at the farm and control measures during carcass processing can have some effect on the reduction of Campylobacter numbers on the retail product, intervention at the farm level by reducing colonization of the ceca should be taken into account in the overall control policy. This review gives an up-to-date overview of suggested on-farm control measures to reduce the prevalence and colonization of Campylobacter in poultry. 相似文献
10.
Minihan D Whyte P O'Mahony M Fanning S McGill K Collins JD 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2004,51(1):28-33
The aim of this study was to investigate faecal shedding and transmission of Campylobacter spp. in cohorts of cattle within a feedlot, to assess subsequent contamination of carcasses with this pathogen and to identify risk factors associated with faecal shedding of Campylobacter spp. A cohort of 133 heifers housed in four adjacent pens was examined over a five and a half month period, from entering the feedlot to slaughter. A parallel investigation of individual rectal faecal samples and pen environmental samples were taken at monthly intervals from November to February. The entire outer and inner surfaces of a carcass side of each animal were swabbed immediately following slaughter. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 322 (54%) of the 600 rectal faecal samples. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli accounted for 69 and 29.7% of the isolate recovered, respectively. A total of 159 environmental samples were examined, of these Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 46 samples (29%). Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli accounted for 35 and 59% of these isolates, respectively. Campylobacter spp. was not isolated from any of the dressed carcasses. Logistic regression indicated prevalence of Campylobacter spp. faecal shedding within pens was positively correlated to the pen, the month of sampling and the Campylobacter spp. contamination status of the pen dividing bars and the water trough surface. Campylobacter spp. should be considered as a pathogen shed in the faeces of a substantial proportion of feedlot cattle. However, with good hygienic practice during harvest, a very low level of this pathogen can be achieved on dressed carcasses. 相似文献
11.
J Oosterom R Dekker G J de Wilde F van Kempen-de Troye G B Engels 《The Veterinary quarterly》1985,7(1):31-34
It was found that 79% of healthy pigs, slaughtered in three different slaughterhouses in the Netherlands, were intestinal carriers of Campylobacter jejuni (mean number 4000 cfu per g), and 21% of the same pigs had Salmonella in the intestinal tract (mean number 10 cfu per g). Immediately after slaughter, Campylobacter was swabbed from 9% of the carcasses and Salmonella from 13%. It is concluded from these data that most of the contamination on carcasses does not originate directly from the intestinal tracts of the animals but rather from surfaces, equipment, and utensils in the slaughter hall. It was demonstrated that Salmonella could survive in the slaughter hall, whereas Campylobacter died off, probably due to its vulnerability to drying conditions and its inability to grow at temperatures below 30 degrees C. Campylobacter was not isolated from the carcasses after cooling. It had been shown earlier that this again was caused by dry conditions, brought about by the use of forced ventilation in the cooling rooms. In an additional investigation, Campylobacter was not isolated from 248 samples of minced pork (10 g each), whereas Salmonella was found in 13% of these samples. 相似文献
12.
Bartkowiak-Higgo AJ Veary CM Venter EH Bosman AM 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2006,77(3):114-119
To assess post-evisceration contamination of broiler carcasses, 300 samples were randomly selected during routine slaughter in the winter of 2004. The samples originated from 50 chicken carcasses, taken directly after evisceration, as well as 25 samples from ready-to-sell packages of fresh intestines (mala) and livers. The samples were taken in batches over a period of 4 weeks to allow randomised sampling from different farms of origin. Conventional culture-based detection methods of Campylobacter spp. usually need 4-6 days to produce a result. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used for this study took less than 32 hours. The average contamination rates with Campylobacter in both the skin and liver samples were 24%, and 28% for intestines. Chicken and chicken products, especially livers and intestines, form an integral part of the traditional diet of many Black South Africans, as they are cheap and readily available in bulk and un-chilled for direct distribution, mainly through street vending and other informal retail outlets. This sudy showed that Campylobacter spp. are prevalent in poultry in South Africa. The handling of poultry meat and products contaminated with this organism in households and the potential for cross-contamination of other foods presents a high risk of infection to consumers in South Africa. The study also emphasised the need for further research in this field. 相似文献
13.
Campylobacter jejuni, which is now recognized as a discrete species, is a gram negative, microaerophilic, thermophilic, nalidixic acid sensitive, hippurate positive pathogen requiring special selective media for propogation. The organism is widely distributed in avian species, experimental and companion animals and in humans. Mammalian campylobacteriosis is characterized by an enterocolitis of variable severity. The prevalence of the condition is relatively high in young individuals, in underdeveloped countries and in subjects with diarrhea. Food animals, especially poultry, are reservoirs of the organism and infection occurs following consumption of untreated surface water, unpasteurized milk, incompletely cooked meat or other contaminated food products. Close contact with infected immature companion animals is a significant cause of campylobacteriosis in children and direct intrafamilial transmission and occupational infection have been documented.Campylobacteriosis attributable toC. jejuni is a condition of emerging significance which arises principally from deficiencies in hygiene inherent in the environment and in the food chain which extends from domestic animals to the consumer. 相似文献
14.
Weese JS Hannon SJ Booker CW Gow S Avery BP Reid-Smith RJ 《Zoonoses and public health》2012,59(2):144-147
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important human pathogen and recent evidence has implicated food animals in the epidemiology of human infections in some regions. While the role of food in MRSA transmission and human health relevance are unclear, MRSA can be found in retail meat products internationally, including beef, yet there has been minimal investigation of MRSA in beef cattle. This study involved screening feedlot cattle for nasal and gastrointestinal colonization with MRSA shortly before the time of slaughter. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was not isolated from any of 491 nasal swabs and 488 faecal samples. This finding is in contrast to studies that have isolated MRSA from retail beef in Canada, performed in the same laboratory using comparable culture techniques. The reason for this discrepancy is unclear but it demonstrates that further study of MRSA in livestock as well as slaughter, processing and retail environments is needed to elucidate the epidemiology of MRSA contamination of meat. 相似文献
15.
Leblanc Maridor M Denis M Lalande F Beaurepaire B Cariolet R Fravalo P Federighi M Seegers H Belloc C 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,131(3-4):309-317
Campylobacter species are leading agents of human bacterial gastroenteritis and consumption of food of animal origin is a major source of infection. Although pigs are known to frequently exhibit high counts of Campylobacter in their faeces, more information is needed about the dynamics of this excretion. An experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the faecal excretion of Campylobacter by 7-week-old specific pathogen-free piglets inoculated per os with three Campylobacter strains (one C. coli isolated from a pig, one C. coli and one C. jejuni from chickens) alone or simultaneously (5x10(7)CFU/strain). Non-inoculated pigs were housed in adjacent pens. Pigs were monitored for 80 days for clinical signs and by bacteriological analysis of faeces. Pigs inoculated with porcine C. coli or with a mix of the three strains excreted from 10(3) to 10(6)CFU/g of faeces with a slight decrease at the end of the trial. Animals inoculated with poultry C. coli or C. jejuni strain excreted a lower quantity and some of them stopped excreting. At the end of the trial, only C. coli was detected in the faeces of pigs inoculated simultaneously with the three bacteria. Moreover, the transmission of Campylobacter was noticed between pens for the two C. coli strains and all the neighbouring animals became shedders with a level of excretion similar to the inoculated pigs. Intermittence in the Campylobacter excretion was also observed. Finally, our study highlighted a host preference of Campylobacter, namely C. coli seems to have a higher colonization potential for pigs than C. jejuni. 相似文献
16.
Campylobacter jejuni, a foodborne pathogen closely associated with market poultry, is considered to be the most frequent agent of human gastroenteritis in the United States. The pathways involved in the contamination of poultry flocks, vertical transmission and/or horizontal transmission, are unclear. In this study, Campylobacter isolates from two independent commercial broiler breeder flocks, as well as from their respective progeny, were characterized and compared by PstI ribotype analysis and by DNA sequence analysis of the short variable region (SVR) of the flaA gene (flaA SVR). Campylobacter isolates originating from one set of breeder hens and the feces from their respective progeny demonstrated identical ribotype patterns as well as identical flaA SVR DNA sequences, thereby suggesting that these isolates were clonal in origin. Ribotype analysis of Campylobacter isolates from the second set of breeder hens and processed carcasses from their offspring resulted in two patterns. Sequence analysis placed these isolates into two closely related groups and one distant group, similar to the ribotype analysis. These results demonstrate that Campylobacter isolates from commercial broiler breeder flocks and from the respective broiler progeny may be of clonal origin and that breeder hens can serve as a source for Campylobacter contamination in poultry flocks. 相似文献
17.
用卵黄Skirrow平板调查家禽空肠弯曲菌 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用卵黄Ｓｋｉｒｒｏｗ＇ｓ平板及烛缸法加焦性没食子酸制备的微需氧环境，对来自家禽的６５３份样品样进行了空肠弯曲菌的分离培养。其中，鸭盲肠内容物带菌率为７７．３％（８５／１１０）；鸡粪样带菌率３４．８％（４０／１１５）；鹅泄殖腔带菌率３１．７％（ ／１０１）：并对３２７份鸭胴体进行了污染情况调查。结果表明：鸭不仅带菌率高屠宰加工过程中肉品污染较严重（２７．２％，８９／３２７）。试验证实：卵黄Ｓｋｉｒｒｏｗ平板及本试验选用的制激需氧环境方法能满足空弯菌对营养及微需氧要求。同时，在检验程序上用增菌法优于直接法（Ｐ＜０．０１），可提高检出率，我们认为这种方法值得推广。 相似文献
18.
Campylobacter jejuni in poultry giblets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
F A Khalafalla 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1990,37(1):31-34
A total of 200 poultry giblets, 50 each of chickens, ducks, squab and turkeys, were examined for the presence of Campylobacter jejuni. In chicken giblets, C. jejuni was isolated from gizzards, hearts, livers and spleens with incidences of 28%, 10%, 40% and 16% respectively while 24%, 6%, 36% and 10% of duck gizzards, hearts, livers and spleens were positive for the organism, respectively. C. jejuni was detected in 6% of squab gizzards, in 10% of squab livers but failed to be detected in squab hearts & spleens. In turkey giblets, 16% of gizzards, 4% of hearts, 30% of livers and 8% of spleens were positive for the organism. C. jejuni was more frequently isolated from liver samples than gizzard, spleen and heart samples, each constituting of 29%, 18.5%, 8.5% and 5%, respectively. High incidence of C. jejuni was recorded among chicken giblets (23.5%), followed by duck giblets (19%), then turkey giblets (14.5%) and finally squab giblets (4%). 相似文献
19.
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of sporadic food-borne bacterial disease in humans. In intensive poultry and pig rearing systems the use of oral antibiotics is essential to maintain health. Consequently, there is a high risk for the thermophilic Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli resident in the intestinal tract of food animals to develop resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Contamination of meat or eggs with pathogenic strains of resistant Campylobacter could, therefore, result in a form of campylobacteriosis in humans that is difficult to treat. The aim of this investigation was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from pigs and poultry by the broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. A total of 482 samples from the Western Cape and Gauteng provinces was collected and analysed. Thirty-eight Campylobacter isolates were obtained. Analysis of data revealed that C. jejuni strains mainly of poultry origin were more resistant to the fluoroquinolones, macrolides and tetracyclines and the C. coli strains were more resistant to the macrolides and lincosamides. Multi-resistance was also detected in 4 Campylobacter strains from the Western Cape. With the exception of tetracyclines, strains from high health Gauteng broiler farms were susceptible to antibiotics used to treat Campylobacter infections. 相似文献
20.
Distribution of Salmonella in tissues following natural and experimental infection in pigs 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Sylvie C?té Ann Letellier Louise Lessard Sylvain Quessy 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2004,68(4):241-248
Clinical salmonellosis associated with Salmonella is increasingly reported in finishing swine. Since S. Typhimurium is often associated with these episodes and given that this serotype is among the most often reported in humans, we were interested to determine if various tissues and carcasses from animals coming from herds that were clinically affected were more likely to be contaminated by Salmonella compared to carcasses from animals raised in herds without any history of salmonellosis. Carcasses from animals from affected herds were significantly more contaminated by Salmonella while showing increased titers in antibodies directed against this bacterium. At the opposite, caecal contents and mesenteric lymph nodes from both groups of animals were similarly contaminated by Salmonella. In the second part of the study, we studied the persistence of the bacterium in various tissues after an experimental infection with S. Typhimurium. We found that, after the infection, Salmonella persisted for as many as 7 d in many extraintestinal tissues, while it was present in the feces of infected animals for all 14 d of the experiment. These findings indicated that carcasses from animals that experienced salmonellosis during their growth phase are more likely to be contaminated by this bacterium and that precautions must be taken in order to ensure that clinically affected animals should be kept on the farm for at least 7 d before being shipped for slaughter. 相似文献