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微肥配施对花生产量与效益的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
江淮分水岭地区花生平衡施肥田间试验研究结果表明,在一定的N、P、K大量元素供给水平上,配合施用B、Cu、Mo、Zn等不同微量元素肥料,均能促进花生的生长发育,有利于植株的于物质积累,增加根瘤数和结果数,提高花生的产量和经济效益。其中以基施硼肥结合钼肥拌种或者基施铜肥结合钼肥拌种的增产增收效果最为显著。 相似文献
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施用大、中、微量元素对大豆品质及其它性状的影响 总被引:25,自引:3,他引:25
试验以3种大量元素(N、P、K)、3种中量元素(Ca、Mg、S)及6种微量元素(B、Mo、Zn、Fe、Na、Cl)及其组舍对高蛋白大豆品种东农42和高脂肪大豆品种东农163的蛋白质和脂肪含量进行了研究。结果表明,施S可增加高蛋白大豆品种蛋白质含量1.34个百分点,增加高脂肪品种的蛋白质含量1.44个百分点;施Zn可增加高蛋白大豆品种蛋白质含量1.07个百分点,B、Mo、Zn同时施用可增加高脂肪品种大豆的蛋白质含量2.19个百分点。Na、C1、Fe的施用似乎对大豆蛋白质含量均具有正向作用。以Na元素的作用最大,二个供试品种分别增加2.08和1.85个百分点;Fe分别增加1.11和1.43个百分点;Cl分别增加1.26和1.65个百分点。N、P、K对大豆脂肪含量具有显著影响,在高脂肪品种中,K单独处理在1%的水平上显著高于对照,增加脂肪含量1.57个百分点,P—K配合施用增加1.2个百分点,N—K配合施用增加1.52个百分点,N—P配合施用增加1.11个百分点。适量的施用Ca、Mo具有增加大豆中脂肪含量的趋势。肥料的施用具有降低株高,增加收获重、荚数、粒数的作用。特别是N—K配合施用对大豆的株高、收获重及产量的影响效果显著。 相似文献
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氮、磷、钾、钙肥不同用量对花生光合性能及产量品质的影响 总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18
在田间试验条件下研究了N、P、K、Ca肥不同用量对花生光合性能及产量品质的影响,结果表明,施N、P、K、Ca肥可提高花生叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率;对叶片光合性能的改善作用,N肥主要在前期、P肥在中后期、K肥和Ca肥前后期比较一致。施肥可明显提高花生荚果产量,且施N肥处理随施肥量的增加产量显著提高,施P、K、Ca肥处理以中等施肥量(P150、K300、Ca300)产量最高。施肥可不同程度地提高花生籽仁脂肪、粗蛋白和游离氨基酸含量,改善花生籽仁品质。对花生籽仁品质的改善作用,P肥最大,其次是N和Ca肥,K肥的作用不明显,施K肥过多(K450)还会明显降低脂肪含量。施用Ca肥能提高花生籽仁中油酸亚油酸比值(O/L),K肥可提高花生籽仁可溶性糖含量。 相似文献
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温室盆栽与田间试验研究甘肃省临夏积石山红粘土营养状况。结果表明,盆栽红粘土缺N、P、K、S、Cu、Mn和Zn,未表现缺Mo;Fe和B元素充足。减N、P、K、S、Cu、Mn和Zn处理的作物相对产量分别为53.2%、39.5%、89.4%、84.4%、82.5%、83.5%和95.2%。土壤养分亏缺顺序为P>N>Cu>Mn>S>K>Zn;N、P和Zn肥为大田该红粘土主要限制因子,其次为S、Cu和K,土壤中不缺Mo,OPT中氮量适中。与OPT相比,减N、P、Zn和Cu玉米分别减产52.0%、21.2%、22.3%和17.3%,增加N用量产量降低8.4%。推荐施肥配方为N210kg/hm2、P2O5120kg/hm2、K2O60kg/hm2、S90kg/hm2、Cu3.75kg/hm2和Zn1.5kg/hm2。 相似文献
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2001-2002年间在哈里亚纳农业大学卡纳尔地区糖业研究站进行春植蔗试验,试验处理包括对照、施NP肥、施NPK肥、施NPKZn肥、施N肥 厩肥12.5吨/公顷、施N肥 亚硫酸法滤泥12.5吨/公顷和施N肥 田菁绿肥回田、施NP肥 厩肥、施NP肥 亚硫酸法滤泥、施NP肥 田菁绿肥回田、施NPK肥 厩肥、施NPK肥 亚硫酸法滤泥和施NPK肥 田菁绿肥回田,其中N,P,K和Zn肥的每公顷施用量分别为150公斤N,50公斤P2O5,50公斤K2O和25公斤ZnSO4研究结果表明,施用NPK肥比施用NP肥提高甘蔗产量,增加甘蔗有效茎数、单茎重、株高、茎径、含糖分(%)和商品蔗糖含量(%);施用NPKZn肥的效果与施用NPK肥相同;N肥与有机肥配施对这几个甘蔗参数的影响效果与施用NP肥相同;在施用NP肥的基础上增施有机肥会提高甘蔗有效茎数、单茎重、株高和茎径等产量构成因素,效果与施用NPK肥相同;NPK肥与有机肥配施的这些甘蔗参素值最大。总之,在甘蔗生产上采用NP肥或NPK肥与有机肥配施是比较好的措施。在施用NP肥的基础上增施K肥会提高土壤中的有效K含量。有机肥与N,NP或NPK肥等无机肥配施会增加土壤中的有机碳含量。NP肥或NPK肥与有机肥配施会提高土壤中的有效P、K含量。因此,有机无机肥料的配合施用有助于提高土壤肥力。 相似文献
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减施氮肥对旱地花生农艺性状及产量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为明确减施氮肥对提高氮肥利用效率和稳定提高花生产量的途径,采用田间小区试验,研究减量施用氮肥和配施有机肥、钙肥对花生生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,减施氮肥可显著降低肥料贡献率、花生主茎高、侧枝长、生物积累量和饱果数,最终降低产量,减氮量越多影响作用越大。减量施用氮肥同时增施有机肥,可显著提高花生主茎高、侧枝长、生物积累量、饱果数及产量,其中N1O3处理效果最为理想,其主茎高、侧枝长、生物积累量、饱果数及产量均优于常规施肥处理(CK),较之分别增加2.63%、1.44%、3.74%、2.58%、2.41%、3.89%,但差异不显著。减量施用氮肥同时配施钙肥可显著增加花生地下部生物积累量、单株荚果数、饱果数及产量,其中N1Ca2处理效果最为理想,其地下部生物积累量、饱果数及产量均优于常规施肥处理,较之分别增加6.86%、0.81%、6.92%,但各处理与CK间差异均不显著,减氮配施钙肥处理对主茎高、侧枝长、地上部生物积累量的影响不明显。本研究为花生生产中氮肥减量、提高花生产量提供了技术途径。 相似文献
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Effects of timing and rate of N fertilizer application on concentrations of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in herbage from perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures were studied at two sites in south-western Victoria, Australia. Nitrogen fertilizer (0, 15, 25, 30, 45 and 60 kg ha–1 ) was applied as urea in mid-April, early May, mid-May, early June and mid-June 1996 to pastures grazed by dairy cows. At Site 1, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, K, S, Mg and Cl concentrations in herbage and a linear decrease in Ca concentration. For all times of application, concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg and Cl in herbage increased by 0·0048, 0·08, −0·010, 0·0013 and 0·053 g kg–1 dry matter (DM) per kg N applied respectively. For S concentration, maximum responses occurred in mid-May (0·012 g kg–1 DM per kg N applied). At Site 2, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, S and Na concentrations in herbage, a linear decrease in Ca concentration and a curvilinear increase in K and Cl concentration. The maximum responses for P, S and K concentrations in herbage occurred for the N application in mid-June and were 0·015, 0·008 and 0·47 g kg–1 DM per kg N applied respectively. For Cl concentration, the maximum response occurred for the N application in early June and was 0·225 g kg–1 DM per kg N applied. Overall, applications of N fertilizer up to 60 kg ha–1 did not alter herbage mineral concentration to levels that might affect pasture growth or animal health. 相似文献
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Krishna Kumari S Thayumanavan B 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,53(1):47-56
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures of small millet starch granules showed more large polygonal and few small spherical or polygonal granules. The granules of small millets resembled those of rice starch granules. The size of the starch granules ranged from 0.8–10 m. The size of the granules was larger in barnyard millet and smaller in proso millet. Several granules showed deep indentation caused by protein bodies. SEM of starch isolated from 24 hour-germinated kodo millet showed pitting or pinholes at some points due to the attack of amylases (preferentially on bigger granules). Brabender viscoamylograph studies on small millet starches revealed that the gelatinization temperatures ranged from 75.8 to 84.9 ° C. Barnyard millet possessed lower amylograph viscosity, minimum breakdown, and relative breakdown values when compared to the other small millets. 相似文献
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氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响 总被引:21,自引:2,他引:21
采用田间试验,在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明,稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降,滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高,稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高;而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高,稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高,说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强;磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量,适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量;适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量,两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高,而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。 相似文献
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W. L. Porter 《American Journal of Potato Research》1967,44(10):382-382
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The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm. 相似文献