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1.
为探讨日粮添加纤维分解酶与异丁酸对犊牛小肠消化酶活性和肝生长轴激素受体基因表达的影响,试验选取30日龄健康、体重近似的荷斯坦公犊36头,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,纤维分解酶组(FE)、异丁酸组(IB)和混合添加组(IBFE)在基础日粮上分别添加1.83g纤维分解酶(FE,含160U纤维分解酶和4 000U木聚糖酶)、6.0g异丁酸(IB,浓度98.5%)和两者混合物。分别在45和90日龄从每组中抽取3头屠宰并采集各肠段小肠内容物、肝样品,测定小肠消化酶活性和肝生长轴激素受体基因表达。结果表明,45日龄,IBFE组空肠近端、空肠远端和回肠的淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组和FE组(P0.05);IBFE组十二指肠、空肠近端、空肠远端和回肠胰蛋白酶活性显著高于其他处理组(P0.05);IBFE、IB组空肠近端和空肠远端脂肪酶活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05);IBFE和IB组GHR mRNA、IGF-ⅠR mRNA表达量显著高于FE和对照组(P0.05),IBFE组IR mRNA表达量显著高于IB、FE和对照组(P0.05)。90日龄,IBFE组十二指肠和回肠的淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组和FE组(P0.05);IBFE组空肠近端、空肠远端和回肠胰蛋白酶显著高于其他处理组(P0.05);IBFE组十二指肠、空肠近端、空肠远端和回肠脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组和FE组(P0.05);IBFE、IB、FE组GHR mRNA表达量显著高于对照组(P0.05),IBFE组IR mRNA表达量显著高于其他处理组(P0.05),IBFE和IB组IGF-ⅠR mRNA表达量显著高于FE和对照组(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加纤维分解酶和异丁酸混合物对提高犊牛小肠消化酶活、肝生长轴激素受体基因表达效果最佳。  相似文献   

2.
为探索异丁酸对犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵、纤维分解菌菌群和酶活性的影响,试验选用15日龄荷斯坦犊牛36头,随机分成4组,对照组、低水平异丁酸组(LIB)、中水平异丁酸组(MIB)和高水平异丁酸组(HIB)分别饲喂异丁酸0、3、6和9g·d^-1,预饲15d,分别于60日龄(断奶)和90日龄测定体重和采集瘤胃液进行分析。结果表明,MIB组和HIB组犊牛干物质采食量、日增重和经济效益显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。90日龄时HIB组犊牛瘤胃pH值显著低于对照组和LIB组(P<0.05)。MIB和HIB组瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸和乙酸浓度显著高于对照组和LIB组(P<0.05);MIB和HIB组犊牛60日龄时瘤胃乙酸/丙酸显著高于对照组(P<0.05),90日龄时显著高于对照组和LIB组(P<0.05)。60和90日龄时MIB和HIB组瘤胃异丁酸均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。60日龄时MIB和HIB组木聚糖酶和α-淀粉酶显著高于对照组(P<0.05),MIB和HIB组纤维二糖酶、果胶酶、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌显著高于对照组和LIB组(P<0.05);90日龄时MIB和HIB组各种瘤胃酶活力和纤维分解菌均显著高于对照组和LIB组(P<0.05)。结果显示,日粮补充异丁酸促进了犊牛瘤胃纤维素分解菌的生长,提高了纤维素分解酶的活性,进而促进了犊牛瘤胃发酵和生长发育。由于MIB与HIB之间各指标差异不显著,兼顾经济效益,在本试验条件下异丁酸的最佳添加量为6.0g·d^-1。  相似文献   

3.
本试验目的是研究日粮补充纤维分解酶、异丁酸及其混合物对断奶前后犊牛小肠发育的影响。选取30日龄体重(48.5±0.3)kg、发育正常的荷斯坦哺乳犊牛36头,随机分为4组:对照组,饲喂基础日粮;纤维分解酶组,在基础日粮中添加1.83 g纤维分解酶(含160 U纤维分解酶和4 000 U木聚糖酶);异丁酸组,在基础日粮中添加6.0 g异丁酸;复配组,在基础日粮中添加1.83 g纤维分解酶和6.0 g异丁酸混合物。分别于45、60、90日龄从各组随机抽取3头屠宰,采集小肠黏膜组织,通过实时荧光定量技术检测生长激素受体(GHR)、胰岛素受体(INSR)及钠-葡萄糖共转运载体1(SGLT1)在小肠黏膜组织不同部位的表达。结果表明:复配组和异丁酸组的小肠各部位GHR mRNA和INSR mRNA表达量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),但两组之间差异不显著;复配组和异丁酸组小肠各部位SGLT1 mRNA表达量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综合分析表明,断奶前后犊牛日粮添加异丁酸及其与纤维分解酶混合物,均可促进小肠黏膜基因表达。  相似文献   

4.
通过研究日粮添加2-甲基丁酸对断奶前后犊牛瘤胃发酵、酶活及纤维分解菌菌群的影响,旨在探讨其对犊牛瘤胃发育的影响。试验选取32头体重(46.45±0.37)kg15日龄的荷斯坦哺乳公犊,随机分为4组,每组8头,对照组犊牛断奶前饲喂鲜奶,断奶后饲喂犊牛料和苜蓿干草,试验组在对照组日粮基础上分别添加3、6和9g·d~(-1)的2-甲基丁酸,犊牛在45日龄断奶,分别于30和90日龄时从各组抽取4头,晨饲前称重后进行屠宰并采样测定指标。结果表明,90日龄犊牛瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸及乙酸与丙酸比例,滤纸酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、纤维二糖酶、木聚糖酶、α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶和蛋白酶的活力,溶纤维丁酸弧菌、白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌的数量,较30日龄均显著增高(P0.05),而pH和氨态氮浓度均显著降低(P0.05)。日粮添加6和9g·d~(-1)的2-甲基丁酸,较对照组显著降低了瘤胃pH,较3g·d~(-1)和对照组显著降低了氨态氮浓度(P0.05),日粮添加9g·d~(-1)的2-甲基丁酸较3g·d~(-1)和对照组显著提高乙酸与丙酸比例,较3g·d~(-1)和对照组显著提高滤纸酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、纤维二糖酶、木聚糖酶、α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶的活力,较3g·d~(-1)和对照组显著提高纤维丁酸弧菌、白色瘤胃球菌、黄色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌的数量,但对蛋白酶的活力无显著影响(P0.05)。结果提示,2-甲基丁酸通过刺激纤维分解菌和淀粉分解菌的生长提高瘤胃纤维分解酶和淀粉降解酶的活力,从而促进瘤胃发酵和瘤胃的发育;根据各项指标综合考虑,建议2-甲基丁酸的适宜添加量为6g·d~(-1)。  相似文献   

5.
本试验旨在研究饲粮补充异丁酸对断奶前后犊牛瘤胃及小肠发育相关基因表达的影响。选取平均体重(40.0±0.2)kg、发育正常、30日龄的中国荷斯坦公犊牛36头,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮的基础上添加异丁酸3、6和9 g/d。分别于45、60(断奶)、90日龄每组屠宰3头并采集瘤胃及小肠黏膜组织样品,通过实时荧光定量PCR技术检测生长激素受体(GHR)、胰岛素受体(INSR)、3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A合成酶1(HMGCS1)和钠-葡萄糖共转运载体1(SGLT1)的mRNA表达量。结果表明:犊牛体重和GHR、INSR、HMGCS1 mRNA的表达量均随着犊牛日龄的增长而出现显著增长(P0.05),而SGLT1mRNA的表达量在断奶前后随着日龄的增长先下降后增长,变化显著(P0.05)。45和60日龄时,犊牛体重在9 g/d异丁酸组显著高于对照组(P0.05),但与6 g/d异丁酸组差异不显著(P0.05)。各日龄6和9 g/d异丁酸组瘤胃和小肠各部位GHR、INSR、HMGCS1 mRNA的表达量均高于对照组,且这2组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。添加异丁酸对45日龄和90日龄犊牛小肠各部位SGLT1 mRNA的表达量没有显著影响(P0.05);60日龄6和9 g/d异丁酸组十二指肠SGLT1 mRNA表达量显著高于对照组和3 g/d异丁酸组(P0.05),9 g/d异丁酸组空肠近端、空肠远端和回肠SGLT1 mRNA表达量显著高于对照组(P0.05),但与6 g/d异丁酸组差异不显著(P0.05)。综合以上结果,饲粮中补充异丁酸能够促进犊牛生长和瘤胃及小肠黏膜的发育,本试验条件下其适宜添加量为6 g/d。  相似文献   

6.
旨在研究不同非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维(NFC/NDF)水平饲粮对3~6月龄断奶公犊牛瘤胃发酵参数和微生物多样性的影响。选取2~3月龄健康、平均体重为(94.38±0.25)kg的断奶公犊牛30头,随机分为2组,每组15头。分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平相近,NFC/NDF分别为1.35(A组)和0.80(D组)的2种全混合饲粮。试验期105d,其中预试期15d,正试期90d。试验开始后,每组挑选6头体重相近、健康的犊牛,分别在120、150和180日龄晨饲后2h口腔采集瘤胃液,测定其pH、挥发性脂肪酸、氨态氮浓度和微生物多样性。结果表明:1)饲喂不同NFC/NDF水平饲粮对犊牛瘤胃液pH和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度无显著影响(P0.05);2)NH3-N和乙酸浓度及乙/丙比A组显著低于D组(P0.05),而丙酸浓度则A组显著高于D组(P0.05);3)A组瘤胃微生物多样性指数皆显著低于D组(P0.05);4)门水平上,拟杆菌门占序列总数的比例A组显著高于D组(P0.05),属水平上Christensenellaceae_R-7和Prevotellaceae_UCG-003所占比例D组显著高于A组(P0.05);5)随着日龄的增加,犊牛瘤胃液细菌多样性指数除Shannon指数外,其他指标皆组间差异显著(P0.05),微生物组成无显著变化(P0.05)。综上所述,饲喂不同NFC/NDF水平饲粮,显著影响了断奶犊牛瘤胃中微生物的种类和丰富度,影响属水平上微生物的组成,继而对乙酸和丙酸产量产生影响。  相似文献   

7.
为研究霉菌毒素分解酶(MCE)对奶公牛生长性能、养分消化率、瘤胃发酵、瘤胃酶活和微生物菌群的影响,本试验选择26月龄、体重(763±12.3)kg、装有瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦公牛8头,采用4×4重复拉丁方设计,4个处理组分别在试验牛饲喂基础日粮中补充0、10、15、20 g/d MCE,试验分4个阶段,每阶段包括10 d预试期和10d正试期。结果表明:与0g/d和20g/dMCE组相比,10、15g/dMCE组的平均日增重、总挥发酸浓度、乙酸摩尔百分比以及乙酸/丙酸比值提高,耗料增重比降低(P0.05),瘤胃pH降低(P0.05);与0 g/d MCE组相比,日粮添加15、20 g/d MCE提高了干物质和有机物消化率(P0.05);与0 g/d MCE组相比,日粮补充15 g/d MCE提高了中性洗涤纤维与酸性洗涤纤维的消化率,降低了瘤胃氨态氮浓度(P0.05);与0 g/d MCE组相比,10、15 g/d MCE组瘤胃内总细菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、产琥珀酸丝状杆菌和溶纤维丁酸弧菌的数量,以及瘤胃纤维二糖酶、羧甲基纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的活性均提高,瘤胃蛋白酶活性降低(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮补充15 g/d MCE能显著改善奶公牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵和养分消化率。  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在研究白藜芦醇(RES)和血根碱(SAG)对0~2月龄荷斯坦犊牛营养物质消化、瘤胃发酵的影响。选用5日龄、体重为(42.22±3.49)kg的54头荷斯坦母犊牛,随机分成3个处理组,每个处理18头。5~11日龄过渡期使用相同代乳粉在犊牛岛进行单独饲喂,此后转移至牛圈进行分栏饲养。对照组犊牛单独饲喂代乳粉(MR);SAG组犊牛在MR中按每千克体重添加0.05 mg SAG;RES组犊牛在MR中按每千克体重添加4 mg RES。试验期为58 d。在犊牛5、56日龄测定体重,28、56日龄采集瘤胃液,57~63日龄时进行消化试验。结果表明:3组犊牛干物质采食量、日增重、饲料转化率无显著差异(P0.05);RES和SAG对犊牛饲粮中干物质、粗蛋白质、有机物、钙、磷、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率的影响差异均不显著(P0.05);56日龄,SAG组犊牛瘤胃乙酸浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05),RES组犊牛瘤胃液乙酸/丙酸显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,代乳粉中添加RES和SAG对0~2月龄犊牛采食量具有一定促进作用,但对日粮养分消化影响不明显,对瘤胃发酵指标没有不良影响。  相似文献   

9.
本文旨在研究饲粮中添加热带假丝酵母菌(CT)与桑叶黄酮(MLF)对断奶前后犊牛能量与氮代谢、瘤胃微生物蛋白合成以及瘤胃发酵的影响。选取(20±2)日龄中国荷斯坦公犊牛48头,随机分为4组,对照组(CON)饲喂基础饲粮,断奶前为代乳品和开食料,断奶后为开食料;CT组在基础饲粮中添加CT;MLF组添加MLF;CM组添加CT和MLF。犊牛于56日龄断奶(代乳品),试验期60 d。分别于犊牛28、42、56和80日龄采集瘤胃液,35和63日龄进行消化代谢试验。结果表明:与CT组相比,CM组犊牛断奶前代谢能显著提高(P0.05),较CON组,断奶后CM组氮利用率显著提高(P0.05);断奶前MLF组较CON和CT组氮的生物学价值显著提高(P0.05)。与CON组相比,CT组显著提高了28~80日龄瘤胃液p H和56、80日龄瘤胃液微生物蛋白含量(P0.05),CT、MLF和CM组瘤胃液氨态氮浓度无显著变化(P0.05);与CON组相比,56日龄M LF组总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丁酸含量显著提高(P0.05);42日龄乙酸/丙酸CT和MLF组较CON组有提高的趋势(P=0.090),各组间乙酸和戊酸含量无显著差异(P0.05)。结果提示,饲粮添加CT有助于改善断奶前犊牛瘤胃液p H和促进瘤胃微生物蛋白的合成;添加CT和MLF有助于提高断奶前犊牛饲粮代谢能和氮的生物学价值,提高断奶后犊牛总能代谢率和氮的利用率,降低粪能和总排出氮量,同时具有改善瘤胃发酵的作用,并且CT与MLF联合使用效果优于单一添加。  相似文献   

10.
茶皂素对奶牛瘤胃发酵及瘤胃微生物区系的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验旨在研究茶皂素对奶牛瘤胃发酵及瘤胃微生物区系的影响。试验选用12头健康状况良好,体重相近的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组,均饲喂基础饲粮,各组分别灌服0(对照)、20、30、40 g/d茶皂素,茶皂素与水混匀灌服,进行预试期14 d,正试期35 d的饲养试验。正试期期间每隔7 d,在晨饲前1 h用口腔采样器采集瘤胃液测定瘤胃发酵指标,用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法测定瘤胃微生物含量。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,茶皂素显著降低了瘤胃液p H(30、40 g/d组)、氨态氮的浓度(20、30、40 g/d组)(P0.05),但均未超过正常范围值;茶皂素显著提高了微生物蛋白(30、40 g/d组)、丙酸(20、30、40 g/d组)和丁酸浓度(20、30、40 g/d组)(P0.05),30 g/d组的微生物蛋白浓度提高了20.20%;但茶皂素对总挥发性脂肪酸和乙酸浓度的影响不显著(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,茶皂素各组的瘤胃液原虫、溶纤维丁酸弧菌含量均显著降低(P0.05),甲烷菌、白色瘤胃球菌、产琥珀酸丝状杆菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、真菌含量没有显著变化(P0.05)。综上所述,补饲茶皂素改善了奶牛瘤胃发酵模式,并显著影响了奶牛瘤胃微生物区系,30 g/d的剂量对奶牛较为适宜。  相似文献   

11.
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12.
The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data.  相似文献   

13.
Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed.  相似文献   

14.
Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.  相似文献   

15.
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97).  相似文献   

16.
2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。  相似文献   

17.
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19.
Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug.  相似文献   

20.
Commercial feedstuffs are a basic element in modern pet husbandry in the world. In dogs, the effect of mycotoxins is severe and can lead to death. Few reports on the influence of dietary mycotoxins were found in the scientific literature. The aims of this work were to isolate and identify the mycoflora and to determine the aflatoxins (AFs) natural occurrence in raw materials and ready dry pet food. Therefore, the aflatoxigenic capacity of Aspergillus flavus species was investigated. Aspergillus was the prevalent genera (65-89%) followed by Penicillium and Fusarium spp. Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent species, followed by Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus versicolor. Aspergillus flavus frequencies ranged from 58% to 86% except in sorghum meal. All samples assayed (except corn grains and ready pet food) showed Fusarium spp. contamination. Corn meal and corn meal and gluten samples had 100% Fusarium verticillioides. Fusarium graminearum was isolated from sorghum meal. Aspergillus flavus strains (75%) isolated from raw materials and 57% from pet food were able to produce AFs. All samples showed AFs contamination percentages over 70%; corn and sorghum meal obtained the highest AFs levels. Ready pet food did not show quantitative levels of the tested toxins. This is the first report of the aflatoxigenic capacity by A. flavus from Brazilian pet food.  相似文献   

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