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1.
一株副球菌对污染土壤中多环芳烃的降解研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
从受多环芳烃(PAHs)长期污染的土壤中分离到一株降解PAHs的噬氨副球菌(Paracoccus aminovorans)HPD-2.使用HPD-2的菌液对PAHs污染的土壤进行了2周的生物降解试验,结果表明加入HPD-2能够明显提高土壤中PAHs的降解率.加菌土壤中PAHs的总去除率为22.9%,PAHs各组分的降解率在19.5% ～ 36.2% 之间.其中三环PAHs的降解率最高(36.1%),五环次之(26.0%),四环的最低(20.9%).对土壤微生物的计数结果发现,HPD-2的加入显著提高了土壤中细菌的数量,而对放线菌和真菌的影响不明显.PCR-DGGE分析结果表明,降解过程中HPD-2可能成为土壤中的优势菌.以上结果表明该菌株在PAHs污染土壤的生物降解中具有较好的应用前景. 相似文献
2.
3.
The transformation profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） by pure laccases from Trametes versicolor and Pycnoporus sanguineus, and the optimal reaction conditions （acetonitrile concentration, pH, temperature and incubation time） were determined. Anthracene was the most transformable PAH by both laccases, followed by benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[a]anthracene. Laccase-mediator system （LMS） could not only improve the PAH oxidation but also extend the substrate types compared to laccase alone. 5e/0 or 10~ （v/v） of acetonitrile concentration, pH 4, temperature of 40 ~C, and incubation time of 24 h were most favorable for anthracene oxidation by laccase from T. versicolor or P. sanguineus. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that 9,10- anthraquinone was the main product of anthracene transformed by laccase from T. versicolor. Microtox test results showed that both anthracene and its laccase-transformation products were not acute toxic compounds, suggesting that laccase-treatment of anthracene would not increase the acute toxicity of contaminated site. 相似文献
4.
The potential of mushroom cultivation substrate (MCS) in bioremediation was examined in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil. After a 60-day incubation, 32.9% dissipation of the 15 studied PAHs was observed in MCS-amended microcosms, with anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(a)anthracene being the most degradable PAHs. MCS significantly increased the abundance and changed the community compositions of bacteria, fungi and aromatic hydrocarbon degraders. Two species belonging to the Sordariomycetes of the Ascomycota were enriched in all MCS-treated soil samples, and coupled with the unique changes in the PAH profile, this implies the involvement of laccase-like enzymes. Limited improvement was observed after adding Pleurotus ostreatus, possibly because of its poor colonization of the soil. In addition, alfalfa appeared to antagonize the bioremediation effects of MCS. The results of this study suggest that MCS can be a cost-effective and green biostimulation agent, thereby providing support for the development of MCS-based biostimulation of PAH-contaminated soil. 相似文献
5.
PAHs生物降解程度受多种因素影响。通过筛选驯化PAHs降解菌,研究混合菌对土壤中菲、芘、苯并（a）蒽、苯并（b）荧蒽、苯并（k）荧蒽、茚并（1,2,3-cd）芘的生物降解性能,并考察污染时间对土壤中PAHs降解效果的影响。结果表明,筛选的混合菌具有很强的PAHs降解能力,缩短了PAHs生物降解的半衰期,且PAHs起始降解速率较快,之后趋于平缓。27d内土壤中的菲、芘、苯并（a）蒽、苯并（b）荧蒽、苯并（k）荧蒽、茚并（1,2,3-cd）芘的平均降解率分别为98.14%、89.97%、88.47%、63.55%、65.24%、60.49%,其中菲在5d之内的降解率高于93%。污染210d的土壤中各PAHs的起始降解速率高于污染50d的土壤,因此污染时间越长,PAHs生物降解的停滞期越短。 相似文献
6.
湿热灭菌和氯化汞灭菌对双液相体系中PAHs降解的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
WANG Cong-Ying WANG Fang WANG Tao YANG Xing-Lun BIAN Yong-Rong F. O. KENGARA LI Zeng-Bo JIANG Xin 《土壤圈》2011,21(1):56-64
A two-liquid-phase(TLP) soil slurry system was employed to quantify the efficiencies of autoclaving and mercuric chloride sterilization in the dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).The fates of 11 PAHs(naphthalene,fluorene,phenanthrene,anthracene,fluoranthene,pyrene,benzo(a)anthracene,benzo(a)pyrene,benzo(b)fluoranthene,benzo(k)fluoranthene,dibenzo(a,h)anthracene) were recorded over 113 days of incubation.No microorganisms were detected in the HgCl 2-sterilized soil slurries during the whole incubation period,indicating very effective sterilization.However,about 2%-36% losses of PAHs were observed in the HgCl 2 sterilized slurry.In contrast to the HgCl 2-sterilized soil slurry,some microorganisms survived in the autoclaved soil slurries.Moreover,significant biodegradation of 6 PAHs(naphthalene,fluorene,phenanthrene,anthracene,fluoranthene and pyrene) was observed in the autoclaved soil slurries.This indicated that biodegradation results of PAHs in the soil slurries,calculated on basis of the autoclaved control,would be underestimated.It could be concluded that the sterilization efficiency and effectiveness of HgCl 2 on soil slurry was much higher than those of autoclaving at 121℃ for 45 min. 相似文献
7.
The effect of bacteria represented by indigenous soil microflora or a mixture of soil bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Rhodococcus erythropolis on fungal growth, extracellular enzyme production and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) biodegradation efficiency in soil of white-rot fungi Trametes versicolor and Irpex lacteus was investigated. Both fungi were able to colonize soil. The growth yields measured by ergosterol were about two-fold in I. lacteus after 10 weeks. Laccase was produced in T. versicolor cultures in the presence or absence of bacteria but live bacteria reduced the laccase levels in soil about 5 times. Manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) was not detected in T. versicolor cultures. The amounts of MnP and laccase in I. lacteus cultures were not affected by the presence of bacteria. T. versicolor was more efficient in PAH removal for all PAHs tested although its capacity to colonize soil was lower. The removal rates of PAHs by T. versicolor in sterile soil were 1.5-fold, 5.8-fold and 1.8-fold for 2-3-ring, 4-ring and 5-6-ring PAHs, compared to I. lacteus, respectively. I. lacteus showed a low efficiency of removal of pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene and benzo[k]fluoranthene, compared to T. versicolor, whereas chrysene and benzo[b]fluoranthene were degraded by neither fungus. The main effect of the presence of the indigenous microflora or R. erythropolis and P. aeruginosa was a significant decrease of degradation of total PAHs by both T. versicolor and I. lacteus. Weak fungal/bacterial synergistic effects were observed in the case of removal of acenapthylene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene by I. lacteus and acenapthylene by T. versicolor. However, the bacterial effects were different in the two fungi. PAH abiotic losses represented 15 and 21% of the total PAHs after 5 and 10 weeks, respectively; naphthalene and acenaphthene were removed from the soil due to volatilization. 相似文献
8.
产漆酶真菌筛选及其对PAHs污染土壤修复的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
真菌漆酶可以高效转化多环芳烃(PAHs),因此,产漆酶真菌在PAHs污染土壤修复中极具应用前景。根据漆酶可将愈创木酚氧化为红色物质的特性,成功从土壤中筛选出一株能够分泌漆酶的真菌菌株F-1,初步鉴定该菌为疣孢漆斑菌(Myrothecium verrucaria)。通过Plackett-Burman试验对菌株F-1的产酶能力进行了分析,发现特定培养条件组合可将其酶活提高近300倍,达5628 U L-1,表明F-1的漆酶活性受到环境条件的显著影响。应用菌株F-1对PAHs污染土壤进行了初步修复研究,结果表明,接种F-1对菲、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、屈、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)苝、茚苯(1,2,3-cd)芘等11种PAHs均有不同程度的降解,提示产漆酶真菌在PAHs污染土壤修复中的应用潜力。 相似文献
9.
多环芳烃微生物降解机理研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
主要阐述了微生物降解PAHs的机理,比较了典型微生物种类芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)和分支杆菌(M.vanbaalenii PYR-1)对同种PAHs菲的代谢过程不同之处,并分析了分支杆菌(M.vanbaalenii PYR-1)对菲和芘的代谢机理,指出微生物氧化降解PAHs主要从其K区和湾区开始,而K区氧化是有毒PAHs降解的主要可能途径,资料显示真菌比细菌对苯并[a]芘的降解能力更强,同时给出了微生物代谢菲、芘和苯并[a]芘的降解图,以便做进一步研究。 相似文献
10.
通过增溶实验和土壤洗脱实验,研究了一种生物表面活性剂——皂角苷（saponin）对多环芳烃-重金属复合污染土壤的洗脱作用及机理。结果表明,皂角苷对菲、芘等多环芳烃有极强的增溶作用,当皂角苷浓度为0.04%时,菲、芘在液相中的表观溶解度分别增大了约22倍和128倍,因而皂角苷能显著增强多环芳烃污染土壤中菲、芘的洗脱,洗脱效率最大分别可达84.1%和81.4%,增大了约2倍和17倍。皂角苷可与重金属离子形成水溶性的络合物,从而增强洗脱重金属污染土壤中的Zn^2＋和Cd^2＋,在皂角苷浓度为0.4%时,Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋的洗脱效率分别可达93.0%和79.4%,增大了约75倍和8倍。皂角苷可同时洗脱多环芳烃-重金属复合污染土壤中的菲、芘和Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋,洗脱效率分别达87.6%、83.5%和92.3%、78.6%,重金属的存在略增大了皂角苷对菲、芘等多环芳烃的洗脱效率,但多环芳烃对Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋的洗脱效率没有明显影响。皂角苷可同时增强洗脱复合污染土壤中的多环芳烃和重金属,从而为多环芳烃-重金属复合污染土壤的修复奠定基础。 相似文献
11.
D. N. Gabov V. A. Beznosikov B. M. Kondratenok E. V. Yakovleva 《Eurasian Soil Science》2008,41(11):1180-1188
An integrated study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmospheric precipitation-soil-lysimetric water system was performed using high performance liquid chromatography. It was shown that the accumulation of low-molecular PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, and chrysene) in soils is due to the transformation of organic matter and the regional transport and deposition of PAHs with atmospheric precipitation on the underlying surface. High-molecular polyarenes (benz[b]fluoranthene, benz[k]fluoranthene, benz[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene) mainly result from the decomposition of soil organic matter. 相似文献
12.
多环芳烃污染土壤真菌修复进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
多环芳烃是一类具有致癌、致畸、致突变效应的化合物,主要通过生物质和化石燃料的不完全燃烧产生,过量的排放可能导致土壤污染。现有多环芳烃污染土壤的生物修复大多利用细菌的降解功能,真菌的修复潜力尚未被充分认识。真菌是土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,具有极高的多样性。多种真菌,主要是担子菌和子囊菌具有降解多环芳烃的能力,它们通过细胞内的细胞色素P450氧化酶、细胞外的木质素水解酶及胞外聚合物系统作用于多环芳烃;某些真菌与植物形成共生菌根,以协同方式实现污染物的降解。由于真菌降解多环芳烃的特点,其在减少土壤高环多环芳烃含量、降低多环芳烃毒性方面具有独特的优势。本文综合介绍了多环芳烃降解真菌的多样性和降解机制,对现有的真菌土壤修复技术进行了总结,针对目前真菌修复中存在的问题作了进一步讨论,并对真菌修复的未来发展趋势提出了展望。 相似文献
13.
E. D. Lodygin S. N. Chukov V. A. Beznosikov D. N. Gabov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2008,41(12):1321-1326
The composition and accumulation patterns of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils of Vasilievsky Island in Saint Petersburg were studied. Concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene were found to exceed maximum permissible concentrations in all the samples, and the maximum recorded concentration exceeded the MPC by 50 times. Concentrations of other PAHs also exceeded the background values. The main soil pollutants were found to be fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[g, h, i] perylene, the part of which in the total content of PAHs was 65–80%. 相似文献
14.
在温室盆栽实验条件下,研究接种AM(arbuscular mycorrhiza)真菌、蚯蚓(Eisenia fetida)对南瓜(Cucurbita moschata)修复3环以上多环芳烃(PAHs)污染农田土壤的影响,试验设置单接AM真菌、单接蚯蚓、双接AM真菌和蚯蚓、不接种的对照共4个处理,播种10周后收获。结果表明,接种AM真菌和蚯蚓促进AM真菌侵染南瓜,增加南瓜生物量;显著提高南瓜修复土壤中Phe(菲)、An(t蒽)、Py(r芘)、BkF(苯并(k)荧蒽)、BaP(苯并(a)芘)、BPe(r苯并(g,h,i)苝)等PAHs污染物的效率,促进南瓜高效地吸收3~5环PAHs,尤其是AM真菌和蚯蚓共同接种条件下对南瓜修复土壤效果最优;AM真菌利于南瓜转移根系吸收的高浓度PAHs化合物至地上部,降低PAHs对根系的胁迫,增强南瓜在高浓度PAHs污染土壤中存活,有利于南瓜应用于高浓度PAHs污染土壤的高效修复;蚯蚓对南瓜地下部吸持3~5环高分子量的PAHs化合物有积极作用。因此,选用的AM真菌和蚯蚓在土壤中具有协同作用,促进南瓜高效修复PAHs污染土壤。 相似文献
15.
Characterization and Sources of PAHs and Potentially Toxic Metals in Urban Environments of Sevilla (Southern Spain) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
E. Morillo A. S. Romero L. Madrid J. Villaverde C. Maqueda 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,187(1-4):41-51
The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of PAH contamination and the association of PAHs with metals in urban soil samples from Sevilla (Spain). Fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene) and seven metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) have been evaluated in representative urban soil samples. Forty-one top soils (0–10 cm) under different land use (garden, roadside, riverbank and agricultural allotment) were selected. PAHs from soil samples were extracted by sonication using dichloromethane. The simultaneous quantification of 15 different PAH compounds were carried out by HPLC using multiple wavelength shift in the fluorescence detector. For qualitative analysis a photo diode-array detector was used. Metal (pseudo-total) analysis was carried out by digestion of the soils with aqua regia in microwave oven. The mean concentration of each PAH in urban soils of Sevilla showed a wide range, they are not considered highly contaminated. The results of the sum of 15 PAHs in Sevilla soils are in the range 89.5–4004.2 μg kg?1, but there seems not to be a correlation between the concentration of PAHs and the land use. Of the 15 PAHs examined, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene were present at the highest concentrations, being the sum of these PAHs about 40% of the total content. Although metal content were not especially high in most soils, there are significant hints of moderate pollution in some particular spots. Such spots are mainly related with some gardens within the historic quarters of the city. The associations among metals and PAHs content in the soil samples was checked by principal components analysis (PCA). The largest values both for ‘urban’ metals (Pb, Cu and Zn) and for PAHs were mainly found in sites close to the historic quarters of the city in which a heavy traffic of motor vehicles is suffered from years. 相似文献
16.
通过盆栽试验方法,选择经济作物甜菜和牧草类黑麦草、苏丹草、香根草为供试植物,研究了甜菜与3种牧草分别间作及各自单作对多环芳烃（PAHs）菲、荧蒽、芘和苯并[a]芘污染土壤修复作用。结果显示：经6个月连续两茬种植试验后,所有种植植物的处理中土壤PAHs的去除率均高于无植物种植组,间作种植土壤PAHs的去除率高于单作,黑麦草、苏丹草、香根草与甜菜间作对土壤PAHs的去除率分别达到84.85%、79.96%、84.11%;在土壤污染条件下,间作模式更有利于甜菜生长;种植植物增强了土壤中多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,间作模式下二者活性高于单作4.37%~43.07%,过氧化氢酶较多酚氧化酶对PAHs土壤污染更敏感,可作为关键酶用于评价土壤PAHs污染状况。在不影响农业生产的前提下,修复植物牧草和经济作物甜菜间作种植模式显著提高了土壤PAHs的降解率。 相似文献
17.
Gómez R. S. García Pandiyan T. Iris V. E. Aguilar Luna-Pabello V. de Bazúa C. Durań 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,158(1):137-151
The determination of poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil is of interest because of their carcinogenic and mutagenic activity in biological systems. The present study deals with the rapid application of infrared, fluorescence, synchronous luminescence spectrometries and gas chromatography to detect organic pollutants and their quantity in the soil. Sohxlet extraction followed by column separation was used to isolate organic pollutants. Although several solvent mixtures were used as eluents for the column, the solvent mixture, hexane:dichloromethane (50:50) efficiently extracts the aromatic compounds. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) measured by IR were found at high concentrations (30810.0 ppm) in the contaminated soil compared with the reference soil (30.0 ppm). Furthermore, the fluorescence results reveal that almost one-fourth of the 30810.0 ppm are aromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, the presence of PAHs such as naphthalene, acenaphthene, fluorene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene, and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene in the polluted soil was determined by using synchronous study. 相似文献
18.
Examination of the risk of contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the harvested crops of carrots and fungi after the application of composted municipal waste Investigations were conducted to determine if the often high, naturally-occuring concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) present in municipal waste composts could cause hazardous contamination of plants when the composts are used as soil conditioners in agriculture and gardening. Carrots (Daucus carota) and mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), used as representatives of higher and lower plants, respectively, were cultivated on compost-free or compost-amended substrates. To determine concentrations of PAHs in soils and plants a gas-chromatographic method was employed which allowed benzo(a)pyrene and 12 other PAHs to be determined singly or as isomeric mixtures. In the experiments with Agaricus it was found that fruiting bodies, even though grown in a substrate with very high concentrations of PAHs (i- e., 1000 ppb benzo(a)pyrene), contained no detectible quantities of these compounds. In contrast to this, experiments with carrots showed that there was a direct correlation between PAH concentrations in the substrate and PAH concentrations in both below- and above-ground portions of the plants. The 25 to 40 fold increase of the PAH concentration in the substrate containing waste compost caused an increase of these compounds in the carrot roots by the same factor. The only 2 to 4 fold increment of the PAHs in the corresponding foliage was thought to be mainly due to a relatively great portion of air contamination by which the increase of the PAH quantities entering from below ground to the foliage was not so evident. The concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene used in the present series of experiments with composted waste are 7 to 10 times higher than those found in soil to which compost has been added as in practical agricultural application. Relating the result of the described experiments to actual practice, it could be suggested that the normally very low concentrations of PAHs in below ground plant parts would increase with the use of composted municipal waste, but they would not become greater than the concentrations in above ground plant as caused by contamination from naturally occuring PAHs in the air. 相似文献
19.
以常州市某农药厂搬迁土地为研究对象,在监测分析土壤中16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的基础上,对该区域土壤进行健康风险和生态风险评价。结果表明,研究区域土壤中∑PAHs的含量范围为0～1.546mg·kg-1,优势化合物中萘、菲等低环化合物含量大于高环的荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽和芘等化合物,且土壤中PAHs可能来源于石油源。健康风险评价结果在可接受的10-6～10-4范围内,而生态风险评价表明,尽管研究区域土壤中的多环芳烃不存在严重的生态风险,但是化合物苊和芴含量超出了风险评价低值（ER-L和ISQV-L）,存在着对生物的潜在危害。 相似文献
20.
《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(6):909-916
The ability of Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus sajor-caju to degrade the aromatic pollutants 2,4-dichorophenol (2,4-DCP) and benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] in liquid culture and microcosm (using wheat straw as growth substrate and sea sand as a xenobiotic carrier) was investigated by HPLC and 14CO2 release from labeled pollutants. We found that 100 μM 2,4-DCP was very quickly transformed by the four fungi, disappearing 24 h after its addition to the liquid cultures. However, a 2-week incubation period was required to transform 100 μM B(a)P up to 75% by P. eryngii and P. pulmonarius. Whereas the fungi were able to begin degradation of the two pollutants with high transformation rates, their complete degradation (mineralization) rates were very low. Mineralization of B(a)P in liquid cultures was only observed with P. eryngii and P. pulmonarius, although the four Pleurotus species studied were able to mineralize this compound in solid state fermentation (SSF). The ligninolytic enzymes laccase and versatile peroxidase (VP), together with aryl-alcohol oxidase (AAO) providing extracellular H2O2, were found in liquid cultures. Except AAO, these enzymes were also detected in SSF experiments. In order to investigate the role of ligninolytic enzymes in the process, their action on both pollutants (50 μM) was studied in vitro in the absence and presence of redox mediators. As observed with the fungal cultures, 2,4-DCP was oxidized faster than B(a)P by both laccase (60% transformation after 6 h) and VP (100% transformation after 1 h). Moreover, laccase oxidation was strongly increased (up to 90% transformation after 3 h), by the presence of the mediators 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) or 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT). In the case of B(a)P, the presence of ABTS or HBT was strictly required for oxidation by laccase (25% transformation after 8 h). Degradation of B(a)P was also observed in reactions with VP (40% transformation after 6 h). The results obtained suggest that Pleurotus species can be used in applications focused to the degradation of aromatic pollutants using wheat straw as a growth substrate, and provide the first evidence on the direct transformation of recalcitrant aromatic pollutants by VP. 相似文献