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1.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(2):63-85
Abstract Soil erosion poses economic and environmental concerns in many tropical uplands. Agroforestry has been proposed as a sustainable land use that can mitigate soil erosion and promote the economic welfare of small farmers. To evaluate such claims, we must (a) develop a composite measure of effectiveness, such as a soil conservation index, and (b) define it in terms understood by the farmers who ultimately choose to adopt and implement agroforestry. We construct an empirical soil conservation index as a weighted average of farmer perceptions of four soil attributes and develop a statistical model of soil conservation benefits of agroforestry by using survey data from the Philippines. Accounting for self-selection bias, we evaluate the soil conservation benefits by testing the correlation between the index and the level of agroforestry adoption. Our estimated model shows that agroforestry can generate 15-20 percent soil conservation for the typical small farmer. We offer several methodological, practical, and policy insights. Because many farmers in developing countries face informational and capital constraints, our study suggests that public policies should support smallholder agroforestry, a type of “natural investment” in soil capital, to generate private and public benefits. 相似文献
2.
Agroforestry systems usually are examined for their biological components and somewhat for economic feasibility but rarely
for their sociocultural merits. A relatively young agroforestry system was examined in view of sociocultural, biological,
and economic factors through the use of decision matrices. Decision criteria were used to evaluate an agroforestry system
against two alternative landuse options, a corn-soybean rotation and renting the land to an agricultural producer. Economic,
sociocultural, environmental, and risk criteria were considered simultaneously with a scaled Z-statistic and then compared
by using four weighting schemes. When all criteria were weighted equally, the agroforestry system had the greatest Z-score
(3.4), indicating the better alternative. Placing weights on economic criteria resulted with renting the land being the best
alternative (Z-score 6.6). When sociocultural factors were weighted alone, or when greater weights were placed on sociocultural
factors along with moderate weights on economic and risk factors, or when community weighted objectives were used, the introduced
agroforestry system had the greatest Z-scores (11.5, 6.3, and 1.1, respectively). Use of weighted decision criteria allowed
for sensitivity analysis between alternatives to be explored. This is especially important when using techniques that have
a greater emphasis on economic parameters that are not equally important or appropriate cross-culturally. Use of decision
matrices provides a more comprehensive method for comparing the multiple, interactive, and long-term benefits of the agroforestry
system and competing land uses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
S. Chinnamani 《Agroforestry Systems》1993,23(2-3):253-259
India's long tradition of agroforestry has been influenced by numerous religious, social, and economic factors. Several indigenous agroforestry systems, based on peoples' needs and site-specific characteristics, have developed over the years. Agroforestry research was initiated in the country about two decades ago; since then, considerable progress has been achieved. The interactions between and among the tree, crop, grass, and animal components have been studied, and several agroforestry technologies have been developed and tried on farmers' lands. Agroforestry research is now conducted under the auspices of the All India Coordinated Agroforestry Research Project of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research at 31 centers distributed over India's tropical and temperate regions. In addition to research, the program includes agroforestry training of farmers, technicians, and scientists at 28 centers throughout the country. Expectations from agroforestry are high in India in both rural and urban areas; these expectations include production benefits that are in harmony with the ecology, environment, traditions, and heritage of the country. 相似文献
4.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3-4):39-51
Summary Finding sustainable land-use systems within the Panama Canal Watershed will be necessary for future management by the Panamanian government. Agroforestry is a land-use option for small-scale farmers living within the Watershed that can help achieve the goals of both conservation and productivity. This case study qualitatively evaluates current agroforestry projects in the Canal Watershed using an analytical framework based on other evaluations of agroforestry systems in Central America. Designated criteria for the analysis include: management objectives, project life span, incentives, technology, economic feasibility, community involvement, and extension. These factors can present obstacles to wide-scale adoption of agroforestry systems by small-scale farmers, thus preventing the realization of associated benefits of agroforestry. The analysis of the three field sites visited in March 1998 is followed by recommendations for expanding agroforestry practices among farmers in the Watershed. 相似文献
5.
Agroforestry species of the Bolivian Andes: an integrated assessment of ecological, economic and socio-cultural plant values 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Regine Brandt Heike Zimmermann Isabell Hensen Juan Carlos Mariscal Castro Stephan Rist 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,86(1):1-16
Agroforestry is a promising method for enhancing land-use sustainability in the Bolivian Andes. However, its benefits in terms of rural development are under-recognized due to gaps in understanding users?? perceptions while taking into consideration both local and global environmental goals. Our study aimed to narrow these gaps by developing an analytical framework for analyzing the site-specific socio-ecological factors and interactions related to local woody species and assessing their ecological, economic, and socio-cultural plant values in order to identify the most promising agroforestry species. The framework was then tested in an indigenous community at 2,760?C3,830?m?a.s.l., incorporating vegetation surveys, environmental studies, and interviews on plant functions. Ecological, economic, and socio-cultural values and the ecological apparency of plants were calculated, and detrended correspondence and principal component analyses helped to reveal the socio-ecological context of significant factors for plant distribution and uses. Results showed dominating seral woody species along an altitudinal gradient. Although shrubs were more ecologically apparent than trees, trees were perceived to be more valuable as the usefulness and cultural importance of species increased with plant height and timber availability. Phytosociological factors played a minor but still significant role in perceived usefulness. Schinus molle and Prosopis laevigata (<3,200?m a.s.l.), Polylepis subtusalbida (>3,200?m a.s.l.), and Baccharis dracunculifolia (both zones) were evaluated as most promising for agroforestry use. In conclusion, our analytical framework proved to be a valuable tool for context-specific agroforestry plant selection. Nonetheless, economic, technical, and socio-cultural limitations of cultivating native agroforestry species were revealed as well. Agroforestry science and practice should, therefore, focus on enhancing reproductive potentials of existing woody vegetation, as well as problem-oriented horizontal dialogues between indigenous, expert, and scientific actors. 相似文献
6.
Santiago-Freijanes J. J. Mosquera-Losada M. R. Rois-Díaz M. Ferreiro-Domínguez N. Pantera A. Aldrey J. A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez A. 《Agroforestry Systems》2021,95(5):775-790
Agroforestry is a sustainable land management system recognized worldwide but not implemented in a extensive form in temperate and developed countries. Agroforestry has been promoted in the last decades at global level as it provides more efficient and sustainable farming systems. This review aims at summarizing the main research findings explaining why agroforestry is a sustainable land management that fulfils and is affected by different Global, Pan-European and European policies as well as how innovation is currently fostered in Europe, therefore linking research, policy and innovation. This review specially targets researchers and policy makers working in integrated land systems. There is a global and European recognition of the role that agroforestry can play to provide products but also to deliver highly important ecosystem services. However, the promotion of agroforestry practices at European level is still not well addressed by the Common Agricultural Policy. The clear identification of agroforestry practices, the link of management plans to establish agroforestry pursuing a final eligible tree density for the Pillar I payments should be addressed as initial steps to foster agroforestry in Europe. There is a lack of knowledge transfer that promotes agroforestry at field level, which should be approached by using stakeholder integration within the policy development as it is currently done by the EIP-Agri.
相似文献7.
Shibu Jose 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,76(1):1-10
Agroforestry systems are believed to provide a number of ecosystem services; however, until recently evidence in the agroforestry
literature supporting these perceived benefits has been lacking. This special issue brings together a series of papers from
around the globe to address recent findings on the ecosystem services and environmental benefits provided by agroforestry.
As prelude to the special issue, this paper examines four major ecosystem services and environmental benefits of agroforestry:
(1) carbon sequestration, (2) biodiversity conservation, (3) soil enrichment and (4) air and water quality. Past and present
evidence clearly indicates that agroforestry, as part of a multifunctional working landscape, can be a viable land-use option
that, in addition to alleviating poverty, offers a number of ecosystem services and environmental benefits. This realization
should help promote agroforestry and its role as an integral part of a multifunctional working landscape the world over. 相似文献
8.
Stephen H. Anderson Ranjith P. Udawatta Tshepiso Seobi Harold E. Garrett 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,75(1):5-16
Agroforestry practices are receiving increased attention in temperate zones due to their environmental and economic benefits.
To test the hypothesis that agroforestry buffers reduce runoff by increased infiltration, water use, and water storage; profile
water content and soil water infiltration were measured for a Putnam soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Albaqualf). The watershed
was under no-till management with a corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation since 1991. Agroforestry buffer strips, 4.5 m wide and 36.5 m apart, were planted with redtop (Agrostis gigantea Roth), brome (Bromus spp.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.), swamp white oak (Q. bicolor Willd.) and bur oak (Q. macrocarpa Michx.) trees were planted at 3-m intervals in the center of the agroforestry buffers in 1997. Ponded water infiltration
was measured in agroforestry and grass buffers and row crop areas. Water content in agroforestry and row crop areas at 5,
10, 20, and 40 cm depths were measured throughout the year. Quasi-steady infiltration rates were not different (P > 0.05) among the treatments. Agroforestry had lower soil water content than row crop areas (P < 0.05) during the growing season. Higher water content after the principal recharge event in the agroforestry treatment
was attributed to better infiltration through the root system. Results show that agroforestry buffer strips reduce soil water
content during critical times such as fallow periods, and increase water infiltration and water storage. Therefore, adoption
of agroforestry buffer practices may reduce runoff and soil loss from watersheds in row crop management. 相似文献
9.
In global terms, European farms produce high yields of safe and high quality food but this depends on the use of many off-farm inputs and the associated greenhouse gas emissions, loss of soil nutrients and other negative environmental impacts incur substantial societal costs. Farmers in the European Union receive support through a Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) that comprises direct payments to farmers (Pillar I) and payments related to rural development measures (Pillar II). This paper examines the ways in which agroforestry can support European agriculture and rural development drawing on the conclusions of 23 papers presented in this Special Issue of Agroforestry Systems which have been produced during a 4-year research project called AGFORWARD. The project had the goal of promoting agroforestry in Europe and focused on four types of agroforestry: (1) existing systems of high nature and cultural value, and agroforestry for (2) high value tree, (3) arable, and (4) livestock systems. The project has advanced our understanding of the extent of agroforestry in Europe and of farmers’ perceptions of agroforestry, including the reasons for adoption or non-adoption. A participatory approach was used with over 40 stakeholder groups across Europe to test selected agroforestry innovations through field trials and experiments. Innovations included improved grazing management in agroforestry systems of high nature and cultural value and the introduction of nitrogen fixing plants in high value timber plantations and olive groves. Other innovations included shelter benefits for arable crops, and disease-control, nutrient-retention, and food diversification benefits from integrating trees in livestock enterprises. Biophysical and economic models have also been developed to predict the effect of different agroforestry designs on crop and tree production, and on carbon sequestration, nutrient loss and ecosystems services in general. These models help us to quantify the potential environmental benefits of agroforestry, relative to agriculture without trees. In view of the substantial area of European agroforestry and its wider societal and environmental benefits, the final policy papers in this Special Issue argue that agroforestry should play a more significant role in future versions of the CAP than it does at present. 相似文献
10.
Elisabeth S. Simelton Delia C. Catacutan Thu C. Dao Bac V. Dam Thinh D. Le 《Agroforestry Systems》2017,91(1):51-67
Agroforestry is known to have multiple economic and environmental benefits. Despite this, the adoption of agroforestry in Viet Nam is limited both in extent and diversity of components and practices. Our study identified gaps for agroforestry adoption in current policies and policy implementation. National policy and provincial instructions and decisions were reviewed and discussed during ten stakeholders’ consultation workshops. The review and workshops concluded that there were no specific national and few provincial specific policies promoting agroforestry. In addition, the segregation of policies into agriculture and forestry, promoted monoculture practices and discouraged the integration of mixed annual and perennial tree species. Completing the forestland allocation process was considered essential for long-term investment on land and providing collateral for loans. More holistic policies, such as a provincial strategy for agroforestry development that would enable flexible integration of agriculture, forestry and livestock were perceived to be more effective and inclusive to poor and non-poor farmers. Specific cross-cutting budget allocation would be necessary for capacity building, upscaling agroforestry models, procurement of high-quality inputs, and establishing post-harvest processing and marketing investments. 相似文献
11.
M. M. Schoeneberger 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,75(1):27-37
Agroforestry is an appealing option for sequestering carbon on agricultural lands because it can sequester significant amounts
of carbon while leaving the bulk of the land in agricultural production. Simultaneously, it can help landowners and society
address many other issues facing these lands, such as economic diversification, biodiversity, and water quality. Nonetheless,
agroforestry remains under-recognized as a greenhouse gas mitigation option for agriculture in the US. Reasons for this include
the limited information-base and number of tools agroforestry can currently offer as compared to that produced from the decades-worth
of investment in agriculture and forestry, and agroforestry’s cross-cutting nature that puts it at the interface of agriculture
and forestry where it is not strongly supported or promoted by either. Agroforestry research is beginning to establish the
scientific foundation required for building carbon accounting and modeling tools, but more progress is needed before it is
readily accepted within agricultural greenhouse gas mitigation programs and, further, incorporated into the broader scope
of sustainable agricultural management. Agroforestry needs to become part of the agricultural tool box and not viewed as something
separate from it. Government policies and programs driving research direction and investment are being formulated with or
without data in order to meet pressing needs. Enhanced communication of agroforestry’s carbon co-benefit, as well as the other
benefits afforded by these plantings, will help elevate agroforestry awareness within these discussions. This will be especially
crucial in deliberations on such broad sweeping natural resource programs as the US Farm Bill. 相似文献
12.
C. Dupraz 《Agroforestry Systems》1994,25(3):181-192
Agroforesty plots offer the opportunity to combine annual agricultural production and long-term wood capitalization. The fallow scheme now in operation in Europe intends to reduce the surplus of agricultural products. Agroforestry management could be a valuable alternative to fallow or to forestry plantations on agricultural land.Agroforestry is attractive to agricultural landowners in Mediterranean France, as agroforestry stands are less costly than forestry plantations, are less prone to fire hazards, provide agricultural returns from intercropping during the first twenty years and have many environmental benefits.An experimental network of on-farm agroforestry plots has been set up since 1988 in the Mediterranean part of France. These plots include grazed paddocks (silvopastoral systems) and ungrazed fields (silvoarable systems). They gained support both from landowners and tenants: the former expect a high value treestock, while the latter have a free use of the space between plantation lines. Plantations have been designed to allow easy mechanical intercropping. First results from two experimental sites are discussed. The growth of the trees in the agroforestry plots is much higher than in the control forestry plots. 相似文献
13.
本文介绍了农用林业的含义。作者指出,农用林业能够提高土地利用率、单位面积经济效益和改善环境。它将成为今后世界,特别是发展中国家农林业发展的重要途径之一。农用林业已经成为一门新兴的综合性学科,受到广泛的重视。 相似文献
14.
Conservation practices including agroforestry and grass buffers are believed to reduce nonpoint source pollution (NPSP) from
pastured watersheds. Agroforestry, a land management practice that intersperses agricultural crops with trees, has recently
received increased attention in the temperate zone due to its environmental and economic benefits. However, studies are limited
that have examined buffer effects on the quality of water from grazed pastures. Six treatment areas, two with agroforestry
buffers, two with grass buffers, and two control treatments were used to test the hypothesis that agroforestry and grass buffers
can be used to effectively reduce NPSP from pastured watersheds. Vegetation in grass buffer and pasture areas includes red
clover (Trifolium pretense L.) and lespedeza (Kummerowia stipulacea Maxim.) planted into fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Eastern cottonwood trees (Populus deltoides Bortr. ex Marsh.) were planted into fescue in agroforestry buffers. Soils at the site are mostly Menfro silt loam (fine-silty,
mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs). Treatments were instrumented with two-foot H flumes, water samplers, and flow
measuring devices in 2001. Composite water samples were analyzed for sediment and total nitrogen after each runoff event to
compare treatment differences. Treatments with agroforestry and grass buffers had significantly lower runoff volumes as compared
to the control. The loss of sediment and total nitrogen were smaller for the buffered treatments. The results of this study
suggest that establishment of agroforestry and grass buffers help reduce NPSP pollution from pastured watersheds. It is anticipated
as trees grow and roots occupy more soil volume, the reduction in N in runoff will increase on the agroforestry watershed. 相似文献
15.
R. T. Prinsley 《Agroforestry Systems》1992,20(1-2):87-115
Agroforestry in the Australian environment has potentials to rehabilitate land from further degradation; improve agricultural productivity; produce timber; and contribute to diversification and increase in farm income. These benefits are examined using available information from research. The level of adoption of agroforestry by Australian farmers for these purposes is also determined. Summaries of research results provide the basis for advice that scientists can offer to farmer and decision makers. 相似文献
16.
P. C. Tabora Jr. 《Agroforestry Systems》1991,14(1):39-63
Tabora, Panfilo C. Analysis and evaluation of agroforestry as an alternative environmental design in the Philippines.Agroforestry as a land-use concept and an environmental design was analyzed and evaluated from the Philippines setting. A historical perspective of agroforestry was presented and the study explores the direction that agroforestry has taken in recent years as a socio-economic tool, a conservation strategy and a political expediency.The concepts of agroforestry were analyzed and used as the bases for evaluation. Five general socially-oriented concepts were examined: social relevance (appropriateness); profitability; balance (equilibrium); versatility and creativity; and longevity and reliability. These were related to five agroecosystem principles: ecological integrity; productivity; stability; flexibility and resiliency; and sustainability and conservation. All these were interrelated to many attributes under a unified Agroecosystem Analysis Framework.Seven current programs in the Philippines which promote agroforestry were also examined and evaluated based on the Agroecosystem Analysis Framework. A closer look at the impacts of the programs was done and ratings were given for each program. The Multiple Cropping Program and the Integrated Social Forestry Program came out with the most positive results.For a closer focus, a site was selected and five cases from the site were evaluated based on a reconstruction of the events and experience in the area over 14 years. The Mixed-Crops Agroforestry (representing the ideal agroforestry) came out with a rating equivalent to the Coconut and Abaca-based Agroforestry. The Industrial Tree Plantation came out with the lowest rating.The study concludes that agroforestry has a role as an environmental design, but that its usefulness has limitations due to some physical constraints and social and economic values that have to be overcome. Recommendations are provided for policy-making for agroforestry.Portion of a study submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the State University of New York College of Environmental Science & Forestry, May, 1986.Presently Leader of the Diversification Program of the Honduran Foundation for Agricultural Research. 相似文献
17.
Economic aspects of agroforestry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. M. Filius 《Agroforestry Systems》1982,1(1):29-39
Agroforestry is analysed by means of economic concepts. The paper is mainly theoretical, since there are little adequate data to test the conceptual framework.Agroforestry needs not be limited to integration of agriculture and forestry on a plot, but may also include integration on a holding. Design and evaluation of agroforestry systems require thorough knowledge of relationships between agriculture and forestry. Complementary and supplementary relationships, mainly resulting from biological factors, were identified, which make agroforestry an efficient system of land use.Agroforestry can be an appropriate technology in areas with fragile ecosystems and subsistence farming. The objectives of participants in an agroforestry programme may not coincide with social objectives, and so do not lead to the socially optimum combination of agriculture and forestry. For that social optimum institutional arrangements will often be required.This paper is s shortened updated version of part of a lecture series on agroforestry, organized by the Departments of Forestry, Agricultural University, Wageningen [29].The author thanks his colleagues C.P. Veer and K.F. Wiersum for helpful comments. 相似文献
18.
This study mainly compares the economics of one form of agroforestry (involving the simultaneous use of land for pine sawlog, sheep, wool and hay production) with conventional agriculture (sheep and wool production) in the 500 and 700 mm annual rainfall zone of Western Australia. The region is marked by environmental problems, particularly soil and water salinity, owing to past extensive clearly of indigenous deep-rooted vegetation for agriculture. Agroforestry can be a way to control and ameliorate the problems.The major conclusion is that pine agroforestry can be more profitable in the long term than conventional agriculture. It would be a profitable way to control and ameliorate the environmental problems in the region. It would also generate other benefits. A number of measures can be adopted to reduce or avert any problems arising from agroforestry's annual net returns (which fluctuate and are negative for most years before log sales) and annual labour requirements (which vary over time and are generally higher than those for agriculture for about the first half of the agroforestry rotation). These measures include using a low tree density and converting only part of a farm to agroforestry so that the activity is practised in combination with conventional agriculture.The study concerns a region with a Mediterranean climate so that the principles and findings of the study could be of particular relevance to other similar regions of the world. 相似文献
19.
Before prioritising regional agroforestry training and extension content, it is necessary to discover which practices are
common, what benefits are perceived, which barriers prevent use, and how people feel about practices. Agroforestry taps both
agriculture and forestry agencies to increase the possible set of educators for landowners and managers. Interdisciplinary
activities also present barriers to professionals unfamiliar with some topics or not served by lead partner agencies. To understand
motives, barriers and needs involved in agroforestry extension and training activities for professionals, the Center for Subtropical
Agroforestry (CSTAF) designed a survey to gauge knowledge, practice and information needs of professionals in Alabama, Florida
and Georgia. Landowners in Alabama and Florida received similar survey questionnaires. Initial interviews of a test group
with open-ended questions formed the basis for a closed-ended mail survey to all agriculture and natural resource extension
agents and county foresters in the subtropical area. Response rates for various professional groups varied between 14% and
43%, and most ranked the potential for use of agroforestry as moderate or high. In all three states, wildlife habitat, water
quality and soil conservation were the most important benefits seen by extension professionals. The most important concerns
identified were lack of familiarity, lack of demonstrations, no financial incentive, and lack of information about agroforestry.
These data provide insights about how to prioritise research and materials development and indicate that agroforestry training
can be expected to be of value to at least half of the regional forestry and extension professionals. 相似文献
20.
Anthony Young 《Agroforestry Systems》1987,5(3):277-291
ICRAF's main contributions to research related to soils have been a symposium, Soils Research in Agroforestry; a review of soil productivity aspects of agroforestry; a further review of the potential of agroforestry for soil conservation, covering both erosion control and maintenance of fertility; the construction of a computerized model to predict soil changes under agroforestry systems; and a handbook of practical methods of agroforestry for soil and water conservation in dryland Africa. In research on land evaluation, an environmental data base has been established, leading to a capacity to obtain information, for environmental conditions similar to those of a given site or area, on publications, multipurpose trees, crops, existing agroforestry systems and current experimental work. Land evaluation for agroforestry cannot be achieved merely by synthesis of methods from agriculture and forestry, but will require more data on the performance of agroforestry land utilization types. Recognition of problems of environmental degradation has become an integral part of planning for agroforestry research. By means of a partial synthesis between land evaluation and diagnosis and design, a procedure of site selection for agroforestry research and development has been established.Principal Scientist, ICRAF 相似文献