共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 933 毫秒
1.
Roberntz P 《Tree physiology》2001,21(12-13):931-940
Branches of field-grown Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees were exposed to either long-term ambient or to elevated CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) using the branch bag technique. The light-saturated photosynthetic rates (A(max)) of current-year shoots differing in nitrogen (N) status were measured at various temperatures and at either ambient (360 micromol mol(-1), AMB) or elevated (ambient + 350 micromol mol(-1), EL) [CO2]. The value of A(max) was determined at various intercellular [CO2]s (A/Ci curves) and used to normalize photosynthetic rates to the mean treatment C(i) values, which were 200 micromol mol(-1) (AMB) and 450 micromol mol(-1) (EL), respectively. Needle N status and temperature strongly affected A(max). The response to N increased with temperature, and the photosynthetic temperature optimum increased with N status. This was assumed to be a result of reduced mesophyll CO2 conductance. The relative increase of Amax in the EL treatment compared to the AMB treatment varied from 15 to 90%, and increased with temperature, but decreased with N status. Nevertheless, the absolute photosynthetic response to EL increased with shoot N status. The relative increase in the instantaneous response of A(max) to elevated [CO2] was about 20% higher than the long-term response, i.e., there was downward acclimation in Amax in response to elevated [CO2]. The photosynthetic temperature optimum increased 4 degrees C with either a short- or a long-term increase in [CO2]. The bag treatment itself increased A(max) by approximately 16% and the temperature optimum of A(max) by approximately 3 degrees C. 相似文献
2.
3.
Göransson A 《Tree physiology》1999,19(2):111-116
Small birch plants (Betula pendula Roth) were cultivated in a hydroponic spray solution where the relative growth rate (R(G); day(-1)) was controlled by the relative supply rate of zinc (R(Zn); day(-1)). After an adjustment phase to steady-state growth, R(G) equaled R(Zn). The R(Zn) treatments were 0.05, 0.125 and 0.20 day(-1) with free access to all other nutrients. In an additional treatment, there was free access to all nutrients, including zinc (FA treatment). The pH of the nutrient solution was approximately 4.5 and conductivity was 100 &mgr;S cm(-1). The duration of each treatment depended on R(Zn) and ranged from 4 (FA treatment) to 10 weeks (at R(Zn) = 0.05 day(-1)). The plants showed persistent and typical zinc-deficiency symptoms at steady-state growth when R(G) was 0.05 and 0.125 day(-1), whereas there were few symptoms when R(G) was 0.2 day(-1). The Zn concentration of the plants ranged from 8 (at R(Zn) = 0.05 day(-1)) to 21 &mgr;g g(DM) (-1) (DM = dry mass) (at R(Zn) = 0.2 day(-1)) and was approximately 42 &mgr;g g(DM) (-1) in the FA treatment. Uptake rates of Zn, calculated per root growth rate (&mgr;mol g(DM, root) (-1)), were about 2.8 times higher at R(Zn) = 0.20 day(-1) than at R(Zn)= 0.05 day(-1). The root and stem biomass fractions were approximately constant at all supply rates of Zn, whereas the leaf biomass fraction tended to increase with increasing supply rate of Zn. Net assimilation rate was constant from FA to an R(Zn) of 0.125 day(-1) but decreased by a factor of about 2 at R(Zn) = 0.05 day(-1). Leaf area ratio and specific leaf area were smaller at low supply rates of zinc than at high supply rates. 相似文献
4.
海岸带沙荒风口木麻黄无性系造林效果的综合评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
以木麻黄无性系的防护效能和速生丰产性能为基础,运用多目标决策方法,对沿海沙荒风口6种木麻黄无性系造林效果进行综合评价,结果表明:在沙荒风口造林的6种木麻黄无性系中,粤501最抗风,其防护效能最高,平18次之;平18最速生丰产,粤501其次;莆20在6种无性系中无论抗风性还是速生丰产性能均最低。综合评价指标以平18最高,粤501次之,莆20最小。平18和粤501是沿海沙荒风口造林理想的木麻黄无性系。 相似文献
5.
6.
将由林龄(AG)、海拔(AL)以及物种数目(IS)组合而成的综合资源位指数(RGI)作为资源轴的划分标准,应用Levins(B(sw)i)和Shannon-Wiener(B(L)i)生态位宽度指数,生态位重叠指数(Lih和Lhi)以及生态位相似性比例指数(Cih)等将阿尔山地区不同起源的兴安落叶松林(天然林、人工林及火烧迹地恢复林)划分为6个资源位,在此基础上进行群落调查,对林下植物种群的生态位进行了定量分析。结果表明:兴安苔草和黑麦草的重要值最大,不同资源位重要值之和达到114.924 8%和70.911 1%。生态位宽度较大的有北方拉拉藤、粗根老鹳草、黑麦草及兴安苔草,这些物种适应能力强,分布范围大,倾向于泛化种。生态位狭小的植物种群则可能成为林区进行植物多样性保护的重点,需要引起特别关注。本研究证实生态位宽度较大种群与其他种群存在较大的生态位重叠和相似性,而这在某些重要值较低且生态位宽度较窄的种群也会出现(如铁杆蒿、黄花委陵菜及巴天酸模),生态位重叠和相似性并非仅仅取决于生态位宽度。生态位重叠既能反映两种群在共享资源时的竞争关系,也能反映两者在利用资源时相互促进的关系。生态位宽度较大的植物种可作为植被恢复阶段的先锋种,而与其生态位重叠较大的物种以及与先锋种生态位相似性比例较小的物种则可作为伴生种,以便于充分利用环境资源,逐步恢复受损地区的植被。 相似文献
7.
8.
测定了不同土壤水分条件下黄栌光合作用的CO2响应过程,采用直角双曲线修正模型对其响应过程进行拟合。结果表明:黄栌的净光合速率(Pn)对土壤水分的变化具有显著的阈值响应。维持黄栌较高光合速率的RWC在42.1%-73.6%(MWC在11.0%-19.2%)之间时,最适宜的RWC为61.7%(MWC为16.1%)左右。黄栌的羧化效率(CE)、光合能力(Pnmax)、光呼吸速率(Rp)表现为对土壤水分具有明显的阈值响应,当RWC为61.7%(MWC为16.1%)时CE、Pnmax达到最大值,当RWC为73.6%(MWC为19.2%)时Rp达到最大值。黄栌的CO2补偿点(Γ)、CO2饱和点CSP随着土壤含水量的增加表现出先下降后上升的规律。 相似文献
9.
Fengqiang Wang Zhijun Zhang Qingwen Wang Jiayin Tang 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2008,3(4):487-492
An intumescent waterborne amino-resin fire-retardant coating for wood (C) was synthesized and its fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant
properties were investigated. The main film-builder of C was urea-formaldehyde resin blended with polyvinyl acetate resin.
The intumescent fire-retardant system of C consisted of guanylurea phosphate (GUP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol
(PER) and melamine (MEL). Specimens of plywood painted, respectively, with a commercial intumescent fire-retardant coating
(A), a synthesized coating (C), and the main film-builder of coating C (B), as well as an unpainted plywood (S-JHB), were
analyzed by cone calorimetry (CONE). The results show a marked decrease in the heat release rate (HRR) and the total heat
release (THR), an increased mass of residual char (Mass), a marked postponement in time to ignition (TTI) and a reduced carbon
monoxide production rate (P
CO). The smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP) of the plywood painted with coating C were observed with
the CONE test. The overall fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant performance of the synthesized coating C was much better than
that of the commercial coating A. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) results of coating C and its film-builder B indicated
that the thermal degradation process of B was slowed down by the addition of the intumescent fire-retardant system; the increase
in the amount of charring of coating C was considerable.
__________
Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(12): 117–121 [译自: 林业科学] 相似文献
10.
金叶女贞嫩枝扦插生根效果的正交优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用L16(45)正交试验设计,研究了外源激素种类、激素浓度、枝条部位和浸泡时间对金叶女贞嫩枝插穗生根效果的影响。研究结果表明,外源激素种类(A)、激素浓度(B)、枝条部位(C)和处理时间(D)对金叶女贞嫩枝插穗根系效果指数的影响均达极显著水平,各因素对根系效果指数影响的主次顺序为枝条部位(C)>激素浓度(B)>处理时间(D)>激素种类(A)。以采用金叶女贞嫩枝枝条的中下部做插穗,经100 mg/L ABT2处理60 min生根效果为佳。其生根率为100%,插穗的平均根系数量为33.93条,平均根长为3.73 cm,根系效果指数为12.50。 相似文献
11.
4-己基间苯二酚和曲酸对舞毒蛾酚氧化酶的抑制作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以舞毒蛾为材料,分离提取酚氧化酶,研究4-己基间苯二酚(4HR)和曲酸对舞毒蛾酚氧化酶活力的影响.结果表明:4HR对该虫的单酚酶和二酚酶活性均表现很强的抑制作用,其IC_(50)分别为0.000 41和0.000 35mmol·L~(-1).其中,4HR对单酚酶活力表达的迟滞时间有明显的延长效应,浓度为0.000 2 mmol·L~(-1)时可使单酚酶活力表达迟滞时间从181 s延长到253 s;而当浓度为0.000 5 mmol·L~(-1)时,其迟滞时间则延长至372 s.以邻苯二酚为底物时,4HR对二酚酶的抑制作用表现为典型的竞争型抑制类型,抑制常数K_1为0.000 15 mmol·L~(-1).曲酸对舞毒蛾的单酚酶和二酚酶活性均表现较强的抑制作用,其IC_(50)分别为0.06和0.92 mmol·L~(-1).曲酸对单酚酶活力表达的迟滞时间也有明显的延长效应,浓度为0.1 mmol·L~(-1)时可使单酚酶活力表达迟滞时间从306 s延长到732 s;而当浓度为0.15 mmol·L~(-1)时,其迟滞时间则延长至900 s.以邻苯二酚为底物时,曲酸对二酚酶的抑制作用表现为典型的竞争型抑制类型,抑制常数K_i为0.51 mmol·L~(-1). 相似文献
12.
采用水蒸气蒸馏法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对新疆圆柏(Sabina vulgaris Ant.)鲜叶和贮存1年的干燥叶中的挥发油化学成分进行检测,鲜叶中的成分鉴定了31种,干叶中的成分鉴定了23种,共有成分15种。与鲜叶比较,干叶中含量减少的成分是:2,7-二甲基-3-辛烯-5-炔(51.88%,15.29%,前者为鲜叶中的量,后者为干叶中的量,下同)、1-柠檬烯(1.65%,1.13%)、α-异松油烯(0.92%,0.58%)、3,7-二甲基-甲基酯-2,6-辛二烯酸(2.88%,0.50%)、α-长叶蒎烯(1.91%,1.46%)、α-雪松醇(12.69%,10.81%),含量增加的成分是:β-侧柏酮(1.01%,1.98%)、4-甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)-3-环己烯-1-醇(0.22%,2.83%)、β-香茅醇(0.22%,10.83%)、乙酸香桧酯(4.37%,39.83%),新疆圆柏鲜叶和干叶中的挥发性成分及其含量差异甚大,但是特征成分种类基本一致,随着叶的干燥贮存时间的延长,其挥发性成分及其含量在逐渐减少。 相似文献
13.
Carswell FE Meir P Wandelli EV Bonates LC Kruijt B Barbosa EM Nobre AD Grace J Jarvis PG 《Tree physiology》2000,20(3):179-186
The vertical profile in leaf photosynthetic capacity was investigated in a terra firme rain forest in central Amazonia. Measurements of photosynthesis were made on leaves at five levels in the canopy, and a model was fitted to describe photosynthetic capacity for each level. In addition, vertical profiles of photosynthetic photon flux density, leaf nitrogen concentration and specific leaf area were measured. The derived parameters for maximum rate of electron transport (J(max)) and maximum rate of carboxylation by Rubisco (V(cmax)) increased significantly with canopy height (P < 0.05). The highest J(max) for a single canopy level was measured at the penultimate canopy level (20 m) and was 103.9 &mgr;mol m(-2) s(-1) +/- 24.2 (SE). The highest V(cmax) per canopy height was recorded at the top canopy level (24 m) and was 42.8 +/- 5.9 &mgr;mol m(-2) s(-1). Values of J(max) and V(cmax) at ground level were 35.8 +/- 3.3 and 20.5 +/- 1.3 &mgr;mol m(-2) s(-1), espectively. The increase in photosynthetic capacity with increasing canopy height was strongly correlated with leaf nitrogen concentration when examined on a leaf area basis, but was only weakly correlated on a mass basis. The correlation on an area basis can be largely explained by the concomitant decrease in specific leaf area with increasing height. Apparent daytime leaf respiration, on an area basis, also increased significantly with canopy height (P < 0.05). We conclude that canopy photosynthetic capacity can be represented as an average vertical profile, perturbations of which may be explained by variations in the environmental variables driving photosynthesis. 相似文献
14.
应用水蒸气蒸馏法从多花红千层（Callistemon speciosus）叶提取挥发油,利用气质联用仪（GC-MS）分离鉴定,采用GC峰面积归一法确定其相对含量。挥发油得率为1．34％;分离出29个组分,鉴定了其中的21种化合物,占色谱总馏出峰面积的90．303％,其主要成分是1,8-桉叶素（31．987％）、α-松油醇（14．059％）、3-硝基乙醇（13．264％）、瓜菊醇酮（9．246％）、松油醇-4（6．038％）等。 相似文献
15.
水分胁迫下华山松抗腐烂病的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用不同浓度的聚乙二醇（PEG6000）对华山松幼苗进行诱导水分胁迫，树皮的相对膨胀度（RT值）随PEG浓度的增大而下降；且树皮内的酚类物质含量、多酚氧酶（PPO）活性和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性均有所降低，过氧化物酶（POD）活性升高。说明水分状况直接影响着华山松的抗病性。4种酚类物质抑菌试验表明，一定浓度下酚类物质对腐烂病病原菌松黑腐皮壳（Valsa pirni Fr.)菌丝体生长有抑制作用，以香草醛和邻苯二酚抑菌能力最强。 相似文献
16.
为研究不同立地管理方式对多代经营杉木人工林生产力的影响 ,在 1代杉木采伐迹地上用 5种林地处理方式进行 2代杉木人工林营造 ,试验表明 :(1)BL3BM0 (收获树干和树皮、加倍采伐剩余物 )处理方式对 4年生 2代杉木林的生长最为有利 ,对降低土壤容重和提高土壤pH值的作用最大 ,是最佳的立地管理措施 ;(2 )BL1BM0 (清理树木的所有部分 )处理生长最慢 ;(3)BL0 BM0 (清除地上所有有机质 )处理的杉木在 1～ 2年生时生长为次好 ,但对土壤肥力的维持最为不利 ,3年生后杉木生长略为落后 ;(4)BL2 BM1(商业性收获加炼山 )处理的杉木生长比BL2 BM0 (商业性收获 )的略好 ,但未达到差异显著水平 ;(5 )采伐剩余物分解至质量残留 5 0 %的时间需要 2 0个月 ,估计分解至质量残留 5 %需要 90个月的时间 相似文献
17.
破布叶叶片中挥发油的化学成分研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用水蒸气蒸馏法提取破布叶叶片中的挥发油,得油率为0.63 %,采用GC-MS进行化学成分分析,首次鉴定出15种化合物,占总离子流出峰面积的99.99 %。破布叶叶片中挥发油主要成分为烃类和脂肪酸类物质,主要有2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚(18.12 %)、二十八烷(11.77 %)、十六烷酸(11.29 %)、二十五烷(10.32 %)、二十七烷(8.61 %)、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃(6.29 %)、四十四烷(5.99 %)和三十六烷(5.51 %)。 相似文献
18.
应用田间根系分区供水方法,研究根系分区交替水分胁迫(APRD)、固定单侧水分胁迫(FPRD)与对照两侧同时供水(BPRI)对2年生草乌光合特性的影响。结果表明:1)各水分条件下,叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)随着周期的进行逐渐减小,后期随着处理水分亏缺的加重,峰值减小,峰出现时间前移;2)APRD处理下,草乌通过维持相对较低的气孔导度(Gs),在Tr降低30%的前提下,Pn比对照BPRI与FPRD处理分别提高4.16%,37.43%,反映出APRD处理对气孔的优化调节;3)各水分条件下,草乌的水分利用效率(WUE)日变化均呈双峰曲线,APRD处理可显著提高草乌的WUE,分别比对照BPRI和FPRD处理提高20.39%和10.53%,对草乌在干旱地区栽培意义重大;4)各水分条件下草乌的光合-光响应曲线变化趋势基本一致,表观量子效率(AQY)差异不显著,光饱和点(LSP)和光补偿点(LCP)协同变化表明APRD处理在一定程度上增强了草乌对光环境的适应能力;最大净光合速率(Pmax)表现为APRD处理下最高,FPRD处理略低于对照BPRI;APRD处理下,草乌叶片暗呼吸速率(Rd)最低,有利于干物质积累。根系分区交替水分胁迫通过供水调控挖掘了草乌本身的生物学节水潜力。 相似文献
19.
Naturally regenerated 20-25-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees were grown in open-top chambers in the presence of an elevated temperature or CO(2) concentration, or both. The elevated temperature treatment was administered year-round for 3 years. The CO(2) treatment was applied between April 15 and September 15 for 2 years. The photosynthetic responses of 1- and 2-year-old needles to varying photon flux densities (0-1500 micro mol m(-2) s(-1)) and CO(2) concentrations (350, 700 and 1400 micro mol mol(-1)) during measurement were determined. The CO(2) treatment alone increased maximum photosynthetic rate and light-use efficiency, but decreased dark respiration rate, light compensation and light saturation regardless of needle age. In contrast, the temperature treatment decreased maximum photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic efficiency, but increased dark respiration rate, light compensation and light saturation. The aging of needles affected the photosynthetic performance of the shoots; values of all parameters except photosynthetic efficiency were less in 2- than in 1-year-old needles. The CO(2) treatment decreased and the temperature treatment enhanced the reduction in maximum photosynthesis due to needle aging. 相似文献
20.
以戊二醛为交联剂,壳聚糖为聚合物基质,固化余甘子单宁制备一种固体吸附材料余甘子固定化单宁(PEIT),并采用FT-IR、DSC、TG对PEIT的结构和热性质进行了表征。研究结果表明:余甘子单宁通过戊二醛与壳聚糖基质产生了交联,最佳制备条件为2 g余甘子单宁,m(戊二醛)∶m(余甘子单宁)1∶4,m(壳聚糖)∶m(余甘子单宁)1.5∶1,反应液初始pH值4,55℃反应3 h。将制备的PEIT用于吸附金属离子,结果显示其对Ge(Ⅳ)、Ga(Ⅲ)和In(Ⅲ)有良好的吸附效果,当pH值为4时,In(Ⅲ)吸附量最大;当pH值为3时,Ge(Ⅳ)和Ga(Ⅲ)吸附量最大;对这3种金属离子的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,说明其吸附机理为化学吸附;吸附过程对温度并不敏感,且最佳吸附温度为30℃。吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温线模型,证明其表面存在均匀的吸附位点,且主要是单分子层吸附,Ga(Ⅲ)、In(Ⅲ)和Ge(Ⅳ)的最大吸附量分别为67.65、70.00和54.11 mg/g。 相似文献