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马铃薯脱毒试管苗在不同扦插密度条件下的产量性状和经济参数的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨马铃薯脱毒试管苗在温室条件下的适宜扦插密度问题,利用早熟品种荷兰15号、中熟品种尤金和中晚熟品种克新13号的脱毒试管苗为试验材料,种植并生产原原种。采用单因素随机设计,设密度分别为每平方米154株、182株、222株、286株、400株和667株共6个处理,用方差分析探讨了扦插密度与结薯个数(单位面积上的商品薯数、单株商品薯数、单位面积上的结薯总个数、单株结薯总个数)、产量参数(单位面积上的商品薯产量、单株商品薯产量、单位面积上的总产量、单株产量)和经济参数(利润和经济效益)的关系。研究结果表明:荷兰15号、尤金和克新13号的脱毒试管苗扦插密度每平方米在154～667株之间时,随着扦插密度的增大,其结薯总个数均逐渐增多,单株商品薯产量和单株产量均逐渐变低;这3个品种在每平方米上的商品薯产量、总产量、利润和经济效益的变化趋势不同;通过结薯个数和经济参数的综合评价,得出荷兰15号和尤金的适宜扦插密度每平方米为400株,克新13号的适宜扦插密度为286株。 相似文献
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不同密度和种薯大小对产量及主要农艺性状的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确在黑龙江省哈尔滨地区生态条件下，不同种植密度和不同种薯大小对马铃薯产量及主要农艺性状的影响，以密度为主处理，种薯大小为副处理进行了二因素裂区试验。供试材料为品种东农303。不同密度间，块茎数和总产有显著差异，两性状随密度的增加而增加。不同种善大小间，除净产量只达0．05显著水平外，其它性状均达0．01显著水平。株高、主茎数／每穴、块茎数随种薯大小的增大星线性增长，而总产、商品薯块茎数、商品薯产量、净产量随种薯大小的变化规律则只能用二次多项式来描述。采用新复极差法对各性状在不同密度及不同种薯大小下的表现作了多重比较。要想获得较高的商品薯产量及净产量，并考虑节约用种，提高繁殖倍数，在黑龙江省哈尔滨地区生态条件下，东农303的株行距应为30cm×70cm，种薯大小应为50～80g。 相似文献
3.
本研究以马铃薯极早熟品种“东农３０３”脱毒种薯为试验材料，将种薯分成（２０±５）ｇ和（３０±５）ｇ两组，分别按５个密度进行种植（行距均为７０ｃｍ，株距分别为１２．５、１５．０、１７．５、２０，０和２２．５ｃｍ）．试验结果表明，在哈尔滨的自然条件下，马铃薯块茎产量和单位面积块茎数目随着种植密度的增大而增加，单个块茎重量则随着密度的增加而减少．大种薯（３０±５）ｇ播种可以获得较高的块茎产量．在本试验中，种薯重量为（３０±５）ｇ、株１２．５和１５．０ｃｍ时，获得了较高的块茎产量和较多的块茎数．通过对植株地上部鲜重和叶面积指数变化的分析，表明高密度群体具有发育快、生长旺盛的特点。 相似文献
4.
种植密度与大薯留种对‘宣薯2号’产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以‘宣薯2号’为试验材料,探索了以大薯留种不同种植密度对其产量和结薯率的影响。结果表明:宣薯2号大薯留种以密度2.70万株/hm2为最佳,平均单产达34 654 kg/hm2,比常规种薯6万株/hm2和大薯留种2.25、3.15和3.75万株/hm2都增产增收,结薯率从适宜的种植密度2.7万株/hm2开始,随密度的增加单株结薯数变少和单株块茎重变轻,大中薯率有变化,但不成规律。‘宣薯2号’在宣威市大薯留种以密度2.7万株/hm2种植既能获得高产,又能获得较好的经济效益。 相似文献
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在马铃薯块茎的形成和增长过程中 ,小薯不断地形成、退化或转化成大中薯 ,其中出苗2 8d以后的 2～ 3周是决定大中薯数的关键期。在不同密度及施肥处理下 ,马铃薯块茎体积及干重的增长均呈S型曲线变化。单株块茎体积随密度增加而减少 ,适量施用氮、磷、钾 ,可增加块茎体积、单株结薯数和大中薯数 ,其中磷钾肥可使结薯时间提前 ,过量氮肥则推迟结薯时间 ;随密度的增加 ,块茎日增重逐渐降低 ,适量增施磷、钾肥可提高库的充实度 ,增加产量。在本试验因素中量 (适量 )组合 ,底西芮品种单株块茎体积最大增长速率为 2 5 7392ml d ,块茎干重的最大增长速率为 10 6 82 6 g d ;种植密度 4 5 0 0株 6 6 7m2 时 ,单株结薯数为 13 5个 ,大中薯数平均为 10个 ,单产可达 30 0 0kg 6 6 7m2 以上 相似文献
8.
以马铃薯晚熟品种“下寨６５”为试验材料,研究了离体诱导微型薯直播田间繁殖块茎繁殖脱毒田间１～５代种薯的质量和效率。结果表明,生育阶段比同品种网室繁殖脱毒小薯同代脱毒种薯略迟;生长势、株高、茎粗、主茎分枝数、单株叶面积、根系数、匍匐茎数和匍匐茎长度等生长发育指标,ＰＶＸ、ＰＶＹ、ＰＬＲＶ和ＰＶＡ等重要病毒害发病率及病情指数,干腐病和软腐病发病率,晚疫病发病率和叶面枯死率相同;未发现环腐病和黑经病。单薯重量平均４５．１ｇ,随田间种植代数增加而增大;单株结薯数、单位面积结薯数逐代减小,脱毒田间１～４代单株产量和单位面积产量逐代增加,繁殖效率与脱毒小薯相同,故离体诱导微型薯田间繁殖块茎繁殖脱毒种薯是经济有效且切实可行的。 相似文献
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晋西南山区川水地马铃薯不同栽培密度试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对晋西南山区川水地覆膜种植的马铃薯主栽品种费乌瑞它进行不同栽培密度试验。试验结果的方差分析表明:每公顷密度在53 892～89 820株范围内,其单株商品薯数、单株薯重、单株商品薯重、小区产量、小区商品薯产量存在显著与极显著差异;单株结薯数无显著差异;小区产量以每公顷76 989株最高,小区商品薯产量以每公顷67 365株最高,而在生产实际中,追求更多的是商品薯产量,所以,该区域的马铃薯品种费乌瑞它覆膜种植以每公顷67 365株的密度为宜。 相似文献
11.
Summary Minitubers can be produced in large quantities by repeated harvesting of tubers from in vitro propagated plantlets at 4, 7
and 10 weeks after transplanting to the glasshouse at high plant densities. Yield parameters of minitubers can be manipulated
by crop husbandry.
By supplying nutrients or using a square plant arrangement, minituber yield increased. Effects on numbers of tubers were cultivar-dependent.
Changing plant density from 50 to 800 plants per m2 or the minimal diameter of harvested tubers from 5 to 12 mm did not significantly affect tuber yield per m2. Higher plant densities resulted in more tubers per m2 but fewer tubers per plant. Removing smaller tubers greatly increased the number of small tubers, but did not affect yield
and number of tubers in larger grades.
Crop husbandry techniques affected minituber yield mainly through their effects on leaf area duration, and the number of minitubers
through their effects on growth of tubers to a harvestable size. 相似文献
12.
The effects of nitrogen supply of in vitro plantlets on subsequent in vitro tuberization were examined in three potato varieties. In vitro plantlets were raised on MS media with varying amounts of ammonium nitrate, resulting in 70, 80, 100, 120 and 160% of the standard N content in MS medium and various nitrate : ammonium ratios. Tuberization was induced by adding an 8% sucrose solution to 4-week old plantlets and keeping them 2 weeks under short or long days (8 and 16 h illumination per day, respectively), followed by darkness for 9 weeks. Under long days, a lower nitrogen content in the medium and higher nitrate : ammonium ratio were favourable for the development of large tubers (>6 mm). Under short days, the total number of tubers increased with an increase in nitrogen content of the medium in cultivars Gülbaba and Désirée but not in cultivar Boró, while the number of large tubers was not significantly influenced by nitrogen supply. The tuber weight per plantlet was strongly influenced by genotype. Nitrogen supply of the in vitro plantlets had a prolonged effect on in vitro tuberization. Because the optimum nitrogen treatment is genotype specific, the quantity of large in vitro tubers could be increased by adjusting the nitrogen content of the medium. 相似文献
13.
Summary Seed tuber production fromin vitro potato plantlets and cuttings was conducted in large propagation beds in a greenhouse. Propagules of wholein vitro plantlets (WIP), plantlets with apical (ACR) and lateral (LCR) cuttings removed, the rooted apical cuttings (RAC) and rooted
lateral cuttings (RLC) were planted at three densities of 25, 49 and 100 plants per m2. The plantlets from which cuttings were removed (ACR and LCR) produced more tubers than the rooted cuttings (RAC and RLC);
however, the most tubers were produced by WIP. RAC produced highest tuber yields followed by WIP and RLC. Intact WIP and plantlets
with cuttings removed (ACR and LCR) produced twice as many tubers <40 g as those from rooted cuttings (RAC and RLC). The yield
(kg/m2) as well as the number of tubers per m2 increased with the increasing planting density within the densities tested. 相似文献
14.
Micropropagation is a tissue culture technique adapted for the rapid multiplication of disease-free seed stocks. Procedures for propagating potatoes in the laboratory and acclimating plantlets in the greenhouse are available, but information on cultural practices for maximizing tuber yield of plantlets when transplanted to the field is lacking. Centennial Russet and Russet Burbank plantlets were transferred from culture jars to three sizes of transplant containers for establishment under greenhouse conditions before transplanting to the field. Length of field growing season was varied by using two transplant dates and two vine kill dates. Survival of field transplanted plantlets was above 95 percent in both 1983 and 1984. Cultural practices significantly affected the tuber yield of plantlets of both cultivars. Total yield and yield of tubers larger than 35 mm in diameter increased with increasing transplant container volume. Transplant container volume had no effect on the yield of tubers less than 35 mm in diameter. Highest total yields and tuber production per plantlet for both Centennial Russet and Russet Burbank were obtained from the longest growing season (early transplant date with late vine kill). Yield of Russet Burbank plantlets increased more in response to a longer growing season than did Centennial Russet. 相似文献
15.
氮肥基追肥比例对马铃薯微型薯生产的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨马铃薯微型薯合理的氮肥施肥方式,以‘早大白’马铃薯脱毒试管苗为材料,在温室内进行了氮肥不同基施和追施比例对马铃薯微型薯生产影响的试验。结果表明:在施氮肥量为纯氮105 kg/hm2条件下,单株结薯方面,基追比为5:2时,单株结薯最多,全部做基肥的处理,单株结薯最低;单粒重方面,基追比为2:1时,单粒重最大,全部追肥的处理最低。可见氮肥基施和追施配合有利于提高单株结薯率及平均单粒重。因此,微型薯生产重视氮肥基施同时配合追施比较符合移栽的试管苗对氮肥的吸收规律。 相似文献
16.
Commercial potato minituber production systems aim at high tuber numbers per plant. This study investigated by which mechanisms
planting density (25.0, 62.5 and 145.8 plants/m2) of in vitro derived plantlets affected minituber yield and minituber number per plantlet. Lowering planting density resulted
in a slower increase in soil cover by the leaves and reduced the accumulated intercepted radiation (AIR). It initially also
reduced light use efficiency (LUE) and harvest index, and thus tuber weights per m2. At the commercial harvest 10 weeks after planting (WAP), LUE tended to be higher at lower densities. This compensated for
the lower AIR and led to only slightly lower tuber yields. Lowering planting density increased tuber numbers per (planted)
plantlet in all grades. It improved plantlet survival and increased stem numbers per plant. However, fewer stolons were produced
per stem, whereas stolon numbers per plant were not affected. At lower densities, more tubers were initiated per stolon and
the balance between initiation and later resorption of tubers was more favourable. Early interplant competition was thought
to reduce the number of tubers initiated at higher densities, whereas later-occurring interplant competition resulted in a
large fraction of the initiated tubers being resorbed at intermediate planting densities. At low planting densities, the high
number of tubers initiated was also retained. Shortening of the production period could be considered at higher planting densities,
because tuber number in the commercial grade > 9 mm did not increase any more after 6 WAP. 相似文献
17.
Summary The EVIKA Research Centre has developed a disease eradication system for the initial material of seed potato, which consists
of 1. Selection of the initial material for eradication, plant thermotherapy, meristem tip cultivation and testing for viruses;
2. Re-eradication (thermotherapy of test-tube plants, cultivation of meristem tips, testing for viruses, testing of varietal
quality and yield of disease-free meristem clones, and the selection of meristem clones with best varietal characteristics;
3. Renewing of the initial material (all processes as above, but the initial material is selected from the seed potatoes grown
for at least 3 years in the field).
Field trials were conducted after the second cycle of eradiaction to determine whether the plantlets were true-to-type and
to assess the yield, disease resistance and tuber dry matter. Recently we have also started in vitro testing of meristem plants
resistance to late blight, hoping that this approach will improve the selection efficiency.
Propagation and growing of the seed tubers consists of 3 main steps: 1. Plantlet propagation in vitro; 2. Greenhouse propagation
in plastic rolls; and 3. Planting the first generation tubers in the field. Under our conditions it is the cheapest, simplest
and most effective way.
Multiplication of the meristem-derived plants is done by shoot tip cuttings in a greenhouse in plastic rolls with peat as
the growing medium. The first generation of seed tubers is grown in the field. In our trials plant productivity was affected
by the method of multiplication, growing conditions and genotype. The highest yield per hectare was obtained with plants multiplied
in plastic rolls. The in vitro plants had more tubers per plant than plants multiplied in plastic rolls. In seed production
fields the productivity of plants was more influenced by following our instructions than by multiplication and growing methods.
The number of tubers per plant obtained with over 0.5 million plants was 6.5–9.0.
In the second generation of seed tubers, grown under equal density, the greater-sized tubers gave more tubers with lower weight
than the smaller-sized tubers. Cutting tubers had no effect on the plant development and tuberization. 相似文献
18.
基施有机肥对马铃薯原原种生产及二次结薯的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以早熟马铃薯‘早大白’为供试品种,在防虫温室内进行了有机肥对脱毒马铃薯试管苗生长及二次结薯影响的试验,旨在探索提高微型薯产量及试管苗利用率的途径。试管苗移栽70 d后收获微型薯并尽量保护好根系,继续使其结薯,进行多次收获。结果表明:多次收获微型薯的产量远高于一次性收获的微型薯产量,因此二次结薯可大大提高试管苗的生产效率。全部追施处理二次结薯单株结薯2.3粒,而基施有机肥33 kg/667 m2条件下单株结薯3.8粒,因此基施有机肥有利于试管苗的生长。 相似文献