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随着氨基糖苷类抗生素研究的不断深入,其作用机制已深入到分子生物学水平。为制止耐药菌的产生及传播,根据当前氨基糖苷类抗生素发展的趋势,钝化酶的抑制剂成了研究的新方向。 相似文献
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氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药机制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别从氨基糖苷类抗生素修饰酶、核糖体靶位修饰、药物的主动外排系统3个方面对近年来氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药机制的最新研究进展做以综述,以期为临床合理应用氨基糖苷类抗生素及控制致病菌氨基糖苷类耐药性提供参考。 相似文献
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猪肠道菌氨基糖苷类药物耐药基因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为调查和分析猪肠道菌的氨基糖苷类药物耐药机制,用PCR及序列分析方法检测鉴定2个猪肠道菌中4种16S rRNA甲基化酶耐药基因rmtA、rmtB、rmtC和armA和10种氨基糖苷钝化酶基因,用接合试验研究rmtB基因和10种氨基糖苷钝化酶基因的水平转移机制,用微量稀释法测定携带rmtB基因的分离菌及其接合子对20种抗菌药物的敏感性.结果,从分离的152株猪肠道菌中共检测到49株(32.3%)rmtB阳性菌,其中48株为大肠埃希氏菌,1株为阴沟肠杆菌,未检出其它16S rRNA甲基化酶编码基因.49株rmtB阳性菌中检测到7种氨基糖苷类钝化酶基因,检出率从高到低依次是aac(3)-Ⅱ(87.8%)、aph(3′)-Ⅶ(79.6%)、aph(3′)一Ⅱ(77.6%)、aadAJ(34.7%)、aacc(6′).-Ⅰb(14.3%)、aac(3)-Ⅳ(10.2%)和aph(4)-Ⅰ(8.2%).46株rmtB阳性菌可以通过接合试验将rmtB、aac(3)-Ⅱ、aph(3′)-Ⅶ、aph(3′)-Ⅱ和aadA基因传递给受体菌E.coli C600和E coli 488 Rifr,接合率从3.0×10-6～4.6×10-13不等.所有rmtB阳性菌株及其接合子对卡那霉素、阿米卡星、妥布霉素、西梭米星、萘替米星、庆大霉素6种氨基糖苷类抗生素均高度耐药(MIC≥512 Pg·mL-1).研究结果表明,rmtB基因和氨基糖苷钝化酶基因广泛存在于两猪场,它们共同介导猪源肠道菌对庆大霉素、阿米卡星等氨基糖苷类药物的高度耐药.rmtB基因与aac(3)-Ⅱ·aph(3′)一Ⅶ、aph(3′)-Ⅱ和aadA基因位于同一接合性质粒上,共同传播氨基糖苷类的耐药性. 相似文献
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鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌中氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药基因的检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药性变化和钝化酶耐药基因的携带情况及耐药基因与耐药性的相关性,从陕西、河南、河北、山西、宁夏和甘肃6省(区)的部分规模化养鸡场的病、死鸡中分离鉴定320株致病性大肠埃希菌。采用K-B药敏纸片法检测分离菌对6种氨基糖苷类药物的敏感性,PCR方法检测6种氨基糖苷类钝化酶耐药基因,用DNA Star软件对获得的耐药基因序列与GenBank中的相关序列进行比对。结果显示,鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌分离株对庆大霉素、链霉素、妥布霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素和阿米卡星的耐药率分别为53.4%、49.3%、37.5%、34.7%、22.8%和5.3%,对妥布霉素和卡那霉素耐药率呈上升趋势,而对庆大霉素的耐药率虽呈下降趋势,但仍维持在40%以上。3重以上耐药菌株占80%(256/320)。氨基糖苷类钝化酶基因aac(3)-Ⅱ、aph(3′)-Ⅰ和aac(6′)-Ⅰ的检出率分别为50.9%、25.9%和3.1%,未检测到aac(3)-Ⅳ、ant(3′′)-Ⅰ和aph(3′)-Ⅱ基因。研究表明,分离的鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药性普遍存在,以多重耐药为主,且对妥布霉素和卡那霉素的耐药性不断上升。耐药基因aac(3)-Ⅱ和aph(3′)-Ⅰ的检出率与其耐药性呈正相关。 相似文献
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1 氨基糖苷类药物概述与分类 1.1 来源 氨基糖苷类抗生素是由链霉菌或小单胞菌培养液中提取,或以天然品为原料来合成制取而得的一类水溶性碱性抗生素,在其分子结构中都有一个氨基环醇环和一个或多个氨基糖分子,由配糖键相连接. 相似文献
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1氨基糖苷类药物概述与分类
1．1来源
氨基糖苷类抗生素是由链霉菌或小单胞菌培养液中提取，或以天然品为原料半合成制取而得的一类水溶性碱性抗生素，在其分子结构中都有一个氨基环醇环和一个或多个氨基糖分子，由配糖键相连接。 相似文献
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为指导临床合理用药,根据耐药表型和基因型研究耐氨基糖苷类药物猪源大肠杆菌的流行情况,采用K—B法检测大肠杆菌对氨基糖苷类药物的耐药性,同时用PCR技术扩增氨基糖苷类药物的耐药基因以明确其基因型。结果显示,60株临床分离菌中,耐氨基糖苷类抗生素菌株54株,耐药率为90％;aac（3）-Ⅰ基因PCR扩增均为阴性;aac（3）-Ⅱ基因检出阳性28例,阳性率为46．7％;aac（6’）-Ⅰ基因检出阳性54例,阳性率为90％。结果表明,耐氨基糖苷类药物的大肠杆菌比较普遍,氨基糖苷类耐药基因以aac（3）-Ⅱ和aac（6’）-Ⅰ为主。 相似文献
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建立了生鲜牛乳中链霉素、双氢链霉素、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、卡那霉素、阿米卡星和安普霉素共7种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。样品经100mL/L三氯乙酸-乙腈提取和WCX固相萃取柱净化后,采用亲水作用色谱分离,四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱检测。对样品前处理条件、液相色谱流动相及质谱条件进行了优化。结果表明,7种氨基糖苷类抗生素在20μg/L~500μg/L范围内线性关系良好,生鲜牛乳中的加标回收率为88.7%~111.2%,相对标准偏差为6.3%~13.1%,该方法灵敏、准确,可用于生鲜牛乳中多种氨基糖苷类抗生素残留的同时检测。 相似文献
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rmtB阳性猪大肠埃希氏菌中氨基糖苷钝化酶分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析rmtB阳性猪大肠埃希氏菌中氨基糖苷钝化酶的流行特点。设计10对引物,采用PCR、RFLP和测序等方法检测分析rmtB阳性猪大肠埃希氏菌中的10种氨基糖苷钝化酶基因。采用微量稀释法测定rmtB阳性猪大肠埃希氏菌及其接合子对10种氨基糖苷类的敏感性。48株rmtB阳性猪大肠埃希氏菌中检测到7种氨基糖苷类钝化酶基因,检出率从高到低依次是aac(3)-II(85.8%)、aph(3′)-VII(77.6%)、aph(3′)-II(77.6%)、aadA1(34.7%)、aac(6′)-Ib(14.3%)、aac(3)-IV(10.2%)和aph(4)-I(8.2%);48株rmtB阳性猪大肠埃希氏菌对卡那霉素、阿米卡星、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、西索米星、萘替米星、新霉素、链霉素、大观霉素及安普霉素的耐药率分别为100%、100%、100%、100%、100%、100%、79.2%、77.1%、89.6%和27.1%。其对氨基糖苷类抗菌药的耐药表型与钝化酶基因型的符合率最高约98%。研究结果表明,氨基糖苷钝化酶广泛存在于rmtB阳性猪大肠埃希氏菌中,它们与其他氨基糖苷类耐药机制共同介导受试菌对氨基糖苷类抗菌药的耐药性。 相似文献
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Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum. 相似文献
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Meschan EM Peham C Schobesberger H Licka TF 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,173(3):578-584
As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks. 相似文献
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嗅源是军犬嗅觉作业训练的依据.军犬鉴别中嗅源能力的培养在整个鉴别训练中占有重要地位,关系到鉴别训练的成败和鉴别能力的提高.所以,军犬在嗅认嗅源时必须按照训犬员的指令充分、细致地感受嗅源气味,并且对嗅源气味产生兴奋反应.如何培养军犬充分嗅认嗅源以及及时解决嗅认过程中出现的问题,成为我们进行鉴别训练的关键.…… 相似文献
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