首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
It is difficult to predict the size of pituitary corticotroph tumors in dogs with Cushing's disease (pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism [PDH]) without pituitary imaging techniques. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) precursor concentration and pituitary size in dogs with Cushing's disease. Plasma concentrations of ACTH precursors (pro-opiomelanocortin [POMC]/pro-ACTH) and pituitary tumor height/brain area were measured in 36 dogs with pituitary corticotroph adenomas of various sizes. There was a correlation between tumor size (measured as the pituitary tumor height/brain area ratio [P/B]) and POMC/pro-ACTH concentration (r = .70; P < .0001). Dogs with P/B > or = 0.40 x 10(-2) mm(-1) had higher concentrations of ACTH precursors than dogs with P/B < 0.40 x 10(-2) mm(-1) (median concentration 85 pmol/L, range 15-1,350 pmol/L, n = 14 versus 15 pmol/L, range 15-108 pmol/L, n = 22; P < .0001). With a threshold of 35 pmol/L of POMC/pro-ACTH concentration, the estimated sensitivity and specificity of the kit were 93% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79-100%) and 86% (95% CI, 73-100%), respectively. We interpret these data as indicating that measurement of POMC and pro-ACTH might be of value in the characterization of tumor size in dogs with Cushing's disease. Low POMC/pro-ACTH concentrations make it unlikely that a large pituitary tumor exists in dogs with PDH.  相似文献   

2.
The purpose of the study reported here was to validate measurement of free thyroxine (fT4) concentration in equine serum by equilibrium dialysis (fT4D), and to compare values with fT4 concentration measured directly and with total T4 (TT4) concentration. The fT4D, fT4, and TT4 concentrations were measured over a range of values in euthyroid horses and horses made hypothyroid by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU). Concentrations of fT4D (<1.8-83 pmol/L) were consistently higher than those of fT4 (<1-40 pmol/L). There was a significant (P < .001) regression of fT4D on fT4 in 503 samples from normal horses (y = 2.086x - 0.430). In baseline samples from 71 healthy euthyroid horses, fT4 concentration ranged from 6-21 pmol/L (median, 11 pmol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI]10.5-11.8 pmol/L), and fT4D concentration ranged from 7-47 pmol/L (median, 22 pmol/L; 95% CI 20.9-25.1 pmol/L). Free T4D, fT4, and TT4 concentrations were also measured in 34 ill horses. Horses consuming PTU and ill horses had significantly (P < .05) lower serum concentration of TT4, fT4, and fT4D than did clinically normal, healthy horses. If serum samples from ill horses were further subdivided into samples from horses that lived and samples from horses that died, fT4D concentration was not significantly different in ill horses that lived, compared with that in healthy horses, whereas fT4 concentration was still significantly decreased in ill horses that died (P < 0.001). We conclude that measurement of fT4 concentration by equilibrium dialysis is a valid technique in the horse, and its use may provide improved ability to distinguish nonthyroidal illness syndrome from hypothyroidism in that species.  相似文献   

3.
Objectives— To determine the relationship between plasma lactate concentration and colonic viability and survival in horses with ≥360° volvulus of the ascending colon.
Study Design— Retrospective study.
Animals— Horses (n=73) with ≥360° volvulus of the ascending colon.
Methods— Medical records (January 2000–November 2005) of all horses examined for colic at Michigan State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were reviewed. Horses were included only if plasma lactate concentration was measured preoperatively and a diagnosis of ≥360° volvulus of the ascending colon was confirmed by surgery or necropsy. Non-survivors were only included if the ascending colon was evaluated histopathologically. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the relationship between lactate, colonic viability, and survival.
Results— Of 73 horses, 61 were discharged. Mean (±SD) plasma lactate concentration was significantly lower in survivors (2.98±2.53 mmol/L) compared with non-survivors (9.48±5.22 mmol/L; odds ratio [OR]=1.628, 95% confidence limit [CI]=1.259–2.105). Plasma lactate concentration was significantly lower in horses with a viable colon (3.30±2.85 mmol/L) compared with horses with a non-viable colon (9.1±6.09 mmol/L; OR=1.472, 95% CI=1.173–1.846). Plasma lactate concentration <6.0 mmol/L had a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity 83% for predicting horse survival.
Conclusions— Our results demonstrate a strong association between plasma lactate concentration at the time of hospital admission and outcome in horses with ≥360° volvulus of the ascending colon.
Clinical Relevance— Plasma lactate concentration may help predict colonic viability and horse survival after ascending colon volvulus in horses.  相似文献   

4.
Obesity is associated with inflammatory disorders in humans, including degenerative joint disease. While obesity is endemic in horses, its relationship to equine degenerative joint disease has not been explored. The current study sought to describe relationships between: body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), lameness grade (AAEP), total body fat mass (kg; FM) and fat per cent (FP) [multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (mfBIA)], age, gender, activity level (AL), synovial fluid (SF) and plasma (PL) PGE2 and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in horses. During this field investigation, the BCS (of nine) of 54 horses at multiple farms in southern Ontario, Canada, was determined. Horses were categorized as thin (BCS=3/9; n = 6), moderate (BCS=4 or 5/9; n = 18), overweight (BCS=6 or 7/9; n = 19) or obese (BCS=8 or 9/9; n = 11). Total fat mass (kg) and body fat% was measured using mfBIA, lameness was assessed (AAEP lameness scale) and synovial fluid was collected via aseptic arthrocentesis from the left intercarpal joint for assessment of inflammatory biomarkers (PGE2, GAG). Means were compared with a one‐way ANOVA; correlation coefficients were calculated using a Spearman Rank Order Correlation to reveal correlations between variables. BCS was positively correlated with BW, FM, FP, AL and PL‐PGE2. BW was also significantly positively correlated with PL‐PGE2. It is concluded that BCS is significantly correlated with PL‐PGE2, due in part to the combined effect of AL and body condition. Net inflammatory effects of body fat on risk for joint disease require further study.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVES: To acquire reference range values indicative of glucose metabolism by use of the hyperglycemic clamp technique in healthy horses and evaluate the usefulness of the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique in healthy horses and ponies. ANIMALS: Dutch Warmblood horses and 4 Shetland ponies. PROCEDURE: The hyperglycemic clamp technique was used for quantification of the sensitivity of beta cells to exogenous glucose infusion in horses. The euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique was used to determine the sensitivity and responsiveness of tissues to exogenous insulin in horses and ponies. RESULTS: During the hyperglycemic clamp technique, the mean amount of glucose metabolized (M) in horses was 0.011 +/- 0.0045 mmol/kg x min(-1) (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0018 to 0.020 mmol/kg x min(-1); range, 0.000035 to 0.021 mmol/kg x min(-1)) and the mean M value-to-plasma insulin concentration (I) ratio (ie, mmol of glucose/kg x min(-1) per pmol of insulin/L x 100) was 0.017 +/- 0.016 (95% CI, -0.014 to 0.049; range, 0.000025 to 0.055). During the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique, the mean M value was 0.014 +/- 0.0055 mmol/kg x min(-1) (95% CI, 0.0026 to 0.025 mmol/kg x min(-1); range, 0.0042 to 0.023 mmol/kg x min(-1)) in horses and 0.0073 +/- 0.0020 mmol/kg x min(-1) (95% CI, 0.0034 to 0.011 mmol/kg x min(-1); range, 0.0049 to 0.011 mmol/kg x min(-1)) in ponies. The M value was significantly lower in ponies than in horses, whereas the M:I ratios were not significantly different between horses and ponies. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Glucose clamp techniques offer good methods to investigate glucose metabolism in horses and ponies. A higher degree of insulin resistance was found in ponies, compared with Dutch Warmblood horses.  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between plasma leptin concentration and body fat content in dogs. ANIMALS: 20 spayed female Beagles that were 10 months old at the start of the experiment. PROCEDURE: Dogs were kept under regulated feeding and exercise conditions for 21 weeks, resulting in a wide range of body weights, body condition scores (BCS), and subcutaneous thicknesses. Plasma leptin concentration was measured by use of a canine leptin-specific ELISA test to evaluate its correlation to body fat content estimated by the deuterium oxide dilution method. Plasma concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were also measured. RESULTS: Body fat content (9 to 60% of body weight) was positively and closely correlated (r = 0.920; n = 20; P < 0.001) to plasma leptin concentration (0.67 to 8.06 ng/ml), compared with other variables (ie, glucose, cholesterol, TG, and NEFA; r = 0.142, 0.412, 0.074, and 0.182, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The positive relationship between plasma leptin concentration and body fat content in dogs was similar to correlations reported for humans and rodents, suggesting that plasma leptin is a quantitative marker of adiposity in dogs.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of sample handling, storage, and collection time and season on plasma alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) concentration in healthy equids. ANIMALS: 11 healthy Standardbreds and 13 healthy semiferal ponies. PROCEDURE: Plasma alpha-MSH concentration was measured by use of radioimmunoassay. Effects of delayed processing were accessed by comparing alpha-MSH concentrations in plasma immediately separated with that of plasma obtained from blood samples that were stored at 4 degrees C for 8 or 48 hours before plasma was separated. Effects of suboptimal handling were accessed by comparing alpha-MSH concentrations in plasma immediately stored at -80 degrees C with plasma that was stored at 25 degrees C for 24 hours, 4 degrees C for 48 hours or 7 days, and -20 degrees C for 30 days prior to freezing at -80 degrees C. Plasma alpha-MSH concentrations were compared among blood samples collected at 8:00 AM, 12 noon, and 4:00 PM. Plasma alpha-MSH concentrations were compared among blood samples collected in January, March, April, June, September, and November from horses and in September and May from ponies. RESULTS: Storage of blood samples at 4 degrees C for 48 hours before plasma was separated and storage of plasma samples at 4 degrees C for 7 days prior to freezing at -80 degrees C resulted in significant decreases in plasma alpha-MSH concentrations. A significantly greater plasma alpha-MSH concentration was found in September in ponies (11-fold) and horses (2-fold), compared with plasma alpha-MSH concentrations in spring. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Handling and storage conditions minimally affected plasma alpha-MSH concentrations. Seasonal variation in plasma alpha-MSH concentrations must be considered when evaluating pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in equids.  相似文献   

8.
Leptin is a protein synthesized and secreted primarily by adipocytes, and the circulating leptin concentration is elevated in obese humans and rodents. Recently, we have established a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for canine leptin. In the present study, plasma leptin concentrations were measured in experimentally developed obese beagles and in clinically obese dogs. When 5 male beagles were given a high-energy diet for 3 months, all of them became obese and the plasma leptin concentration significantly increased from 2.4+/-1.2 to 4.9+/-0.9 ng/ml, positively correlating with body fat content estimated by the deuterium oxide dilution method (r=0.87). The leptin concentrations of plasma samples collected from 59 dogs in veterinary practices were compared with their body condition scores (BCS). The plasma leptin concentrations of obese dogs were 9.7+/-0.7 and 12.3+/-1.5 ng/ml at BCS=4 and BCS=5, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of optimal (BCS=3) dogs (2.7+/-0.3 ng/ml). There was no significant effect of sex and breed. A weak positive correlation (r=0.37) was found between the plasma leptin concentration and age, probably due to the lesser content of visceral fat in puppies younger than 1 year old. These results indicate that plasma leptin is a good index of adiposity in dogs regardless of breed, age and sex, and may be useful for quantitative assessment of obesity in small animal practice.  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To develop proxies calculated from basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations that predict insulin sensitivity (SI; L.min(-1) x mU(-1)) and beta-cell responsiveness (ie, acute insulin response to glucose [AIRg]; mU/L x min(-1)) and to determine reference quintiles for these and minimal model variables. ANIMALS: 1 laminitic pony and 46 healthy horses. PROCEDURE: Basal plasma glucose (mg/dL) and insulin (mU/L) concentrations were determined from blood samples obtained between 8:00 AM and 9:00 AM. Minimal model results for 46 horses were compared by equivalence testing with proxies for screening SI and pancreatic beta-cell responsiveness in humans and with 2 new proxies for screening in horses (ie, reciprocal of the square root of insulin [RISQI] and modified insulin-to-glucose ratio [MIRG]). RESULTS: Best predictors of SI and AIRg were RISQI (r = 0.77) and MIRG (r = 0.75) as follows: SI = 7.93(RISQI) - 1.03 and AIRg = 70.1(MIRG) - 13.8, where RISQI equals plasma insulin concentration(-0.5) and MIRG equals [800 - 0.30(plasma insulin concentration 50)(2)]/(plasma glucose concentration - 30). Total predictive powers were 78% and 80% for RISQI and MIRG, respectively. Reference ranges and quintiles for a population of healthy horses were calculated nonparametrically. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Proxies for screening SI and pancreatic beta-cell responsiveness in horses from this study compared favorably with proxies used effectively for humans. Combined use of RISQI and MIRG will enable differentiation between compensated and uncompensated insulin resistance. The sample size of our study allowed for determination of sound reference range values and quintiles for healthy horses.  相似文献   

10.
The body weight of horses is an interesting variable for horse owners, as well as for veterinarians. It is useful to have methods of estimation like weight tape or formula, rather than visual estimation, when a weight scale is not available. Different methods of weight estimation exist for adult horses, but to date, there has been no validation of these methods in Icelandic horses. Therefore, three different methods of weight determination (weight scale, weight tape, and weight formula) were compared in this study to investigate whether it is possible to obtain reliable weight measurements of Icelandic horses by using an estimation method. Both the weight pursuant to weight tape and pursuant to weight formula showed no significant differences (P = 1.00 and P = 0.37, respectively) from the actual weight. The correlation between estimated and actual weights was r = 0.94 for weight tape and r = 0.93 for weight formula. However, the differences between the estimated and actual weights were smallest when estimated using an adjusted weight formula: weight (kg) = girth² × length (both in cm)/11,400. In conclusion, the body weight of Icelandic horses can be estimated from the measurements of body girth and length, and weight tape also seems to be a suitable method.  相似文献   

11.
Obesity is becoming a major health concern in horses because of its associations with insulin resistance, oxidative stress/inflammation, and laminitis. However, there is limited information on the prevalence of obesity in horses. The USDA National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) 1998 Equine study estimated that approximately 1.4% of the U.S. horse population is overweight or obese. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a subpopulation of horses in Virginia. A random sample of 300 mature, Light Breed horses (140 mares, 151 geldings, and 9 stallions) was selected from the VMRCVM Equine Field Service practice. Horses were evaluated during summer 2006. Body Condition Score (BCS) was assigned using a scale of 1 (emaciated) to 9 (obese) by two independent scorers. Neck circumference (cm) was measured at three locations and averaged (ANC). Girth, body length, and height at the withers were measured and used to calculate body weight (BW) and Body Mass Index (BMI). ANC and height at the withers were used to calculate Neck Circumference to Height Ratio (NCHR). Horses were categorized based on BCS as under condition (BCS <4), optimal condition (BCS 4–6), over condition (BCS 6.5–7), and obese condition (BCS 7.5–9). Six horses (2%) were under condition, 141 horses (47%) were in optimal condition, 96 horses (32%) were over condition, and 57 (19%) were obese. BW (p = 0.047), ANC, BMI and NCHR (all p < 0.001) increased with BCS. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in these horses was much higher than previously reported.  相似文献   

12.
Concentrations of hormones related to energy homeostasis may differ between populations with varied body compositions, acting as signals to increase or decrease energy intake and/or expenditure. How these parameters correlate with body composition in horses and how they vary in fit (F) versus unfit (UF) Standardbred racehorses is unclear. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that plasma concentrations of glucose (GLU), insulin (INS), cortisol (CORT), ghrelin (GHRL), adiponectin (ADIP) and leptin (LEP) would be correlated with body composition and differ in fit (F) versus unfit (UF) horses. Fasting plasma samples were taken from 12 unfit (11 +/- 2 years, 521 +/- 77 kg; mean +/- SD) and 34 fit (4 +/- 2 years, 475 +/- 83 kg) Standardbred horses. GHRL, LEP, ADIP, INS and CORT concentrations were measured using radioimmunoassay. GLU concentration was measured using colorometric kits. Body composition data included body weight, body condition score (BCS), and percent fat (%fat) calculated using rump fat thickness measured ultrasonically and the Westervelt equation. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product moment and Student's t tests. There were no differences (P>0.05) between F and UF horses for the plasma concentrations of CORT (69 +/- 14 versus 76 +/- 23 microg/dL), INS (7.2 +/- 3.5 versus 7.1 +/- 1.8 microIU/mL) or GLU (90 +/- 6 versus 86 +/- 7 mg/dL). Plasma GHRL and ADIP concentrations were greater (P<0.05) in F versus UF horses (54 +/- 27 versus 33 +/- 17 pg/mL and 1820 +/- 276 versus 1333 +/- 249 ng/mL, respectively), while plasma LEP was lower in F versus UF (1.0 +/- 0.6 versus 4.4 +/- 2.4 ng/mL, P<0.001). BCS and %fat were lower in F versus UF horses (4.8 +/- 0.3 versus 6.7 +/- 0.5 and 11.9 +/- 1.6 versus 15.4 +/- 2.5%, respectively), with no correlation between %fat and GHRL (-0.12, P>0.05), although there was a positive correlation between %fat and LEP (+0.72, P<0.05), and a negative correlation between %fat and ADIP (-0.40, P<0.05). The data show that in comparing fit and unfit horses, there are variations in body composition as well as concurrent and substantial differences in the concentrations of hormones, cytokines, and other parameters related to the control of appetite and feed intake.  相似文献   

13.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Patient positioning and long anaesthetic duration required for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may result in a higher frequency of post anaesthetic myopathy/neuropathy syndrome (PAMNS) as compared to horses undergoing anaesthesia for surgery. HYPOTHESIS: Equine anaesthesia for MRI is associated with a higher frequency of PAMNS than anaesthesia for nonemergency, nonabdominal surgery. METHODS: Anaesthetic and medical records of horses (n = 633) undergoing MRI or surgery between January 2001 and January 2005 (inclusive), were reviewed. Information obtained included patient details (breed, sex, age, bodyweight), area of body scanned or involved in surgery, body position, anaesthetic and inotropic agents administered, anaesthetic duration, adverse events during anaesthesia and outcome at 7 days. Data were examined by cross tabulation and Chi-square or Fisher's exact test of association. The influence of individual variables was examined by univariant and multivariant analysis models. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in parameters examined, except that horses in the MRI group were heavier (P<0.0001) and anaesthetic duration longer in the surgery group (P<0.004). Eight horses (2.3%, 95% Confidence interval [CI]: 1.1-4.2) in the MRI group had clinical signs of PAMNS in the post anaesthetic period, whereas only 2 horses (0.98%, 95% CI: 0.2-2.8) in the surgery group were affected. This was not statistically significantly different (odds ratio = 2.7, 95% CI: 0.8-13, P = 0.3). Two horses undergoing MRI were subjected to euthanasia due to the severity of PAMNS. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in the occurrence of PAMNS between the 2 groups. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: The risk of performing general anaesthesia for diagnostic procedures such as MRI may not be greater than that for a surgical procedure. However, the benefits should be carefully weighed against the risks involved.  相似文献   

14.
Hematology and serum/plasma biochemistry are important diagnostic aids to assess metabolic status in starved horses and to rule out pathologic conditions that present as emaciation. This article reviews the interpretation of these parameters, using 10 chronically starved horses as examples. The study was conducted on these 10 neglected horses belonging to both sexes, aged between 4 and 25 years. The animals were divided into two groups according to their body condition scoring (BCS): A (n = 6; BCS of 3 or lower) and B (n = 4; BCS higher than 3). A complete clinical examination was carried out, and venous blood samples were taken to perform hematological, biochemical, and serological determinations. The findings indicated that the most emaciated horses (group A) presented normocytic normochromic anemia, with higher numbers of both immature and mature neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils, and lower number of lymphocytes. Furthermore, horses in group A showed lower serum concentrations of urea, triglycerides, bile acids, alkaline phosphatase, and a lower urea/creatinine ratio. Both groups of horses presented with hypomagnesemia. In conclusion, the knowledge of the laboratorial findings in emaciated horses is useful in scoring the intensity of the emaciation, and in establishing a prognosis and a plan to recover the health status of these animals.  相似文献   

15.
Reasons for performing study: Increased prevalence of obesity among UK horses and ponies demands evidence‐based advice to promote weight loss. Hypothesis: Restriction of dry matter intake (DMI) to 1% of body mass (BM, 6% of predicted maintenance digestible energy [DE] requirements) would promote weight loss without compromise to health. Methods: Five mature (mean ± s.e. 10 ± 2 years), overweight/obese pony mares (BM, 257 ± 20 kg: body condition score [BCS] 6.8/9 ± 0.5) were studied over 12 weeks. Animals were individually housed. Daily provision of a chaff‐based, complete diet (measured DE, 8.5 MJ/kg DM) was restricted to 1% of actual BM as DMI daily. BCS, girth measurements and ultrasound‐derived measures of subcutaneous fat depth overlying the gluteal region and 12th intercostal space (rib‐eye) were recorded weekly. Body fat content was estimated at the beginning and end of the study by deuterium oxide dilution methods. Clinical biochemistry was monitored weekly. Behaviour was observed (24 h, 3/5 ponies) on 3 occasions. Results: BM decreased by 4.3 ± 1.1% during the first week and thereafter by 0.7 ± 0.1% of BM at end of Week 1 each week. BCS remained constant. Heart and belly girths, rump width and subcutaneous fat depth at rib‐eye decreased significantly with time and BM. Fat comprised 45 ± 19% of BM loss. Fatter animals lost relatively more fat. With decreased feeding activity, time spent in ‘play’ and rest increased by 36 ± 11% and 438 ± 95%, respectively. Conclusions: This plane of nutrition resulted in an overall rate of weight loss of 1% of outset BM weekly. BCS was not a useful index of early weight loss but heart and belly girths and subcutaneous rib‐eye fat were identified as alternative markers. Potential relevance: This study provides an evidence‐base for the management of weight loss in obese animals, especially those for which exercise may be contra‐indicated.  相似文献   

16.
Body condition scoring and weight estimation of horses   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Three hundred and seventy two horses of varying breeds, height and fatness were weighed and measured for height at the withers. They were assessed for condition score by adaptation of a previously published method. The heart girth and length of 281 of the horses were also measured. Weight of horses was highly correlated (P less than 0.001) with height (r2 = 0.62), condition score (r2 = 0.22) and girth2 x length (r2 = 0.90). Nomograms were constructed to predict weight from height and condition score, and girth and length measurements. Weight can also be accurately estimated from the formula: (formula, see text) The average value of 'Y' in this experiment was 11900 and this estimated weight with more accuracy than some previously published values of 'Y'. Racing Thoroughbred horses were found to be significantly lighter than non-racing Thoroughbreds of the same height and condition score. The method of assessment of condition score was shown to be repeatable between different operators with varying degrees of experience.  相似文献   

17.
This study was initiated to identify the signalment and clinical variables potentially associated with hypomagnesemia in horses evaluated at the North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine (NCSU-CVM) veterinary teaching hospital between January 1999 and May 2001. A nested case reference study (nested case-control study) was conducted to examine the potential relationship between hypomagnesemia and signalment, serum chemistry panel analyses, number of hospitalization days, discharge status, and diagnosis. A series of independent and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the potential association of each variable with low total serum magnesium concentrations. Four hundred one of 823 (48.7%) horses had serum total magnesium concentrations below the normal reference range. Hypomagnesemia was more likely to occur in horses older than I month of age. Colic (odds ratio [OR]: 2.96, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.14-4.08), acute diarrhea (OR: 5.91, 95% CI: 2.32-15.06), other gastrointestinal disease (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.15-3.71), infectious respiratory disease (OR: 5.07, 95% CI: 2.09-12.28), and multiorgan system disease (OR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.24-4.28) were associated with hypomagnesemia in adult horses, whereas foals with diarrhea (excluding septic foals) (OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.01-0.84) were less likely to have hypomagnesemia. Overall, there was no relationship between hypomagnesemia and mortality (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.72-1.41), but horses with colic and hypomagnesemia were less likely to die than horses with colic and normal or high total magnesium (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.30-0.95). Among horses that survived, hypomagnesemia at admission was associated with a longer hospitalization period (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.00-2.11).  相似文献   

18.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations and serum cortisol concentration in horses with colic and assess the relationship of these variables with clinical signs, routinely measured clinicopathologic variables, and outcome in affected horses. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. ANIMALS: 35 horses with colic. PROCEDURE: Blood samples were collected within 30 minutes of arrival at the veterinary hospital from horses referred because of colic. Plasma and serum samples were analyzed for cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, lactate, and electrolyte concentrations and acid-base variables. Heart rate at admission and outcome (survival or nonsurvival) were recorded. Univariate logistic regression was used to calculate crude (unadjusted) odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Of the 35 horses with colic, 26 survived. Higher plasma epinephrine, plasma lactate, and serum cortisol concentrations were significantly associated with increased risk of nonsurvival, but plasma norepinephrine concentration was not associated with outcome. Plasma epinephrine concentration was significantly correlated with heart rate (r = 0.68), plasma lactate concentration (r = 0.87), blood pH (r = -0.83), anion gap (r = 0.74), and base excess (r = -0.81). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The risk of death appears to be greater in colic-affected horses with high circulating concentrations of epinephrine and cortisol. The correlation of epinephrine with other biochemical markers of illness severity and with heart rate indicates that the degree of sympathetic activation in horses with colic can be inferred from routinely measured variables.  相似文献   

19.
Background: Postoperative ileus (POI) is a frequent and often fatal complication of colic surgery. Reliably effective treatments are not available.
Objectives: To determine risk factors and protective factors associated with POI, and to assess the effect of lidocaine IV on short-term survival.
Animals: One hundred and twenty-six horses that underwent small intestinal colic surgery and that survived for at least 24 hours postoperatively.
Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study. The association of 31 pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables with POI and the association of lidocaine treatment with short-term survival were investigated. Associations were evaluated with univariable logistic regression models, followed by multivariable analysis.
Results: Significant associations of high heart rate (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.08), the presence of more than 8 L of reflux at admission (OR = 3.02, 95% CI 1.13–8.02) and the performance of a small intestinal resection (OR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.15–5.27) with an increased probability of POI were demonstrated. Prophylactic lidocaine treatment was significantly associated with a reduced incidence of POI (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.11–0.56). Lidocaine treatment was also significantly associated with enhanced short-term survival (OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.09–0.98).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The variables associated with an increased risk of POI can be useful in identifying horses at risk of POI and in providing a more accurate prognosis. The results are supportive for lidocaine IV as an effective prokinetic treatment after small intestinal colic surgery.  相似文献   

20.
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is an important regulator of fluid homeostasis and vascular tone. We sought to compare N-terminal ANP immunoreactivity (ANP-IR) in plasma from cats with and without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Secondarily, we evaluated relationships between ANP-IR and echocardiographical variables in cats with HCM and healthy cats. Venous blood samples were obtained from 17 cats with HCM and from 19 healthy cats. Plasma ANP-IR concentration was determined by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Two cats with HCM had clinical evidence of congestive heart failure; the remainder had subclinical disease. Plasma ANP-IR concentration was higher in cats with HCM (3,808 +/- 1,406 fmol/L, mean +/- SD) than in control cats (3,079 +/- 1,233 fmol/L), but this difference was not statistically significant (P = .11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -166 to 1,622). There was a significant, but modest correlation between plasma ANP-IR concentration and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (r = 0.42; P = .01). Additionally, plasma ANP-IR concentration was weakly correlated with left atrial size (r = 0.35; P = .03). A linear regression model was developed to further explore these relationships. Atrial size and wall thickness were included in the model; the 2 explanatory variables had an interactive effect on plasma ANP-IR concentration (R2 = 0.27; P = .02). There was no appreciable correlation between plasma ANP-IR concentration and any other echocardiographical variable. In a population that included cats with subclinical disease, those with HCM did not have significantly higher plasma ANP-IR concentration than did healthy cats. An exploratory multivariable regression analysis suggested a linear relationship between ANP-IR concentration and atrial size, wall thickness, and their interaction.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号