秸秆还田与氮肥运筹对东北粳稻产量及稻米品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘月月  郑浣彤  程兆伟  耿艳秋  邵玺文  郭丽颖  袁晴欣  朱立群  苏宇扬  徐佳睿  袁翊新  张琦 《中国稻米》2021,27(6):20-27

以水稻品种吉粳88为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,研究了秸秆还田与氮肥运筹对东北稻区水稻产量及稻米品质的影响。结果表明,与秸秆不还田处理相比,秸秆还田降低了稻米糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度和直链淀粉含量,提高了稻米蛋白质含量;与秸秆不还田条件下最佳氮肥运筹处理相比,秸秆还田条件下的最佳氮肥运筹处理产量分别提高7.50%（2018年）和11.63%（2019年）;随基肥氮占比的下降,稻米糙米率、精米率、整精米率呈先上升后降低的趋势,垩白粒率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量呈下降趋势,蛋白质含量呈上升趋势。综合来看,在秸秆还田条件下,配以基肥:蘖肥:穗肥为6:3:1的氮肥运筹模式可以保证水稻产量的同时改善稻米加工品质和外观品质。  相似文献   

Nitrogen Deep Placement Combined with Straw Mulch Cultivation Enhances Physiological Traits,Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Mechanical Pot-Seedling Transplanting Rice     

Li Lin  Zhang Zheng  Tian Hua  Umair Ashraf  Yousef Alhaj Hamoud  Al Aasmi Alaa  Tang Xiangru  Duan Meiyang  Wang Zaiman  Pan Shenggang 《水稻科学》2022,29(1):89

To assess the effects of straw return coupled with deep nitrogen (N) fertilization on grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE) in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting (MPST) rice, the seedlings of two rice cultivars, i.e., Yuxiangyouzhan and Wufengyou 615 transplanted by MPST were applied with N fertilizer at 150 kg/hm² and straw return at 6 t/hm² in early seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiment comprised of following treatments: CK (no fertilizer and no straw return), MDS (deep N fertilization and straw return), MBS (broadcasting fertilizer and straw return), MD (deep N fertilization without straw return), MB (broadcasting fertilizer without straw return). Results depicted that the MDS treatment significantly increased the rice yield by 41.69%?72.22% due to total above-ground biomass, leaf area index and photosynthesis increased by 54.70%?55.80%, 38.52%?52.17% and 17.89%?28.40%, respectively, compared to the MB treatment. In addition, the MDS treatment enhanced the total N accumulation by 37.74%?43.69%, N recovery efficiency by 141.45%?164.65%, N agronomic efficiency by 121.76%? 134.19%, nitrate reductase by 46.46%?60.86% and glutamine synthetase by 23.56%?31.02%, compared to the MB treatment. The average grain yield and NUE in both years for Yuxiangyouzhan were higher in the MDS treatment than in the MD treatment. Hence, deep N fertilization combined with straw return can be an innovative technique with improved grain yield and NUE in MPST in South China.  相似文献   

控释氮肥对杂交水稻糙米蛋白质品质和氮代谢关键酶活性的影响   总被引：20，自引：4，他引：16  

罗兰芳  郑圣先  廖育林  聂军  谢坚  向艳文 《中国水稻科学》2007,21(4):403-410

以八两优100（杂交早稻）和威优46（杂交晚稻）为材料,研究了施用控释氮肥对稻米蛋白质含量、氨基酸含量及其组分以及叶片和籽粒中硝酸还原酶（NRase）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和蛋白水解酶活性的影响。结果表明,八两优100和威优46控释氮肥处理糙米蛋白质、复合蛋白含量均显著或极显著高于尿素处理,其中谷蛋白和谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比值增幅明显。施控释氮肥的八两优100和威优46糙米氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和限制性氨基酸含量均较施用尿素的明显提高。在施用尿素和控释氮肥条件下,供试两组合叶片中NRase、蛋白水解酶、GS以及籽粒中的GS活性的动态变化一致。施用控释氮肥有利于功能叶中NRase、GS、蛋白水解酶以及籽粒中的GS活性维持较高水平。控释氮肥对杂交水稻功能叶氮代谢关键酶活性和籽粒中蛋白质合成及氨基酸积累均有明显的调节作用。这可能是控释氮肥能显著提高杂交水稻产量和蛋白质及氨基酸含量的生理原因之一。  相似文献   

免耕套种与秸秆还田对水稻生长和稻米品质的影响   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

刘世平  聂新涛  戴其根  霍中洋  许轲 《中国水稻科学》2007,21(1):71-76

在稻麦两熟条件下,研究了麦田免耕套种水稻与秸秆还田对水稻生长和稻米品质的影响。与移栽稻相比,免耕套种水稻株高较低,单茎叶面积略小,生物量低,但生育后期干物质累积量增加迅速。第1年免耕套种秸秆还田的产量最高,翻耕移栽秸秆还田的产量略高于移栽秸秆不还田的产量,但随着连续免耕时间的延长,第2年免耕套种的产量降低。在单位面积穗数相差不大的情况下,免耕套种水稻每穗实粒数较少,千粒重较高,套种水稻可获得较高产量。水稻免耕套种可明显改善稻米的加工品质和外观品质,提高出糙率、精米率和整精米率,降低垩白率和垩白度。翻耕移栽秸秆还田也能提高整精米率,降低垩白率和垩白度。水稻免耕套种和秸秆还田可提高稻米蛋白质含量,降低直链淀粉含量,使胶稠度变软,稻米品质变优;而水稻移栽秸秆还田条件下蛋白质含量提高,直链淀粉含量略增,胶稠度变硬,食味品质有变劣的趋势。  相似文献   

Differences in Grain Yield and Quality in Main and Ratoon Rice in Southern Henan Province     

WANG Hao  LIU Xiangchen  ZHANG Qiang  YU Guilong  ZHANG Wendi  HUANG Jian  ZHU An  LIU Lijun 《中国水稻科学》1986,34(5):425-434

【Objective】 The combination of mid-season rice+ratoon rice is a new pattern of rice planting in southern Henan Province. However, the changes in grain yield and quality between the main and ratoon seasons remain unclear. Clarifying the changing law of grain yield and rice quality can lay a theoretical and practical basis for the screening of ratoon rice varieties with higher grain yield and better rice quality in southern Henan Province. 【Method】 In this study, 12 hybrid indica rice combinations suitable for single-cropping rice were used as materials under local high-yield cultivation conditions. The tested combinations were divided into four types according to their yields in main and ratoon seasons: BH, both high grain yields in main and ratoon season; HL, high grain yield in main season and low grain yield in ratoon season; LH, low grain yield in main season and high yield in ratoon season; BL, both low grain yields in main and ratoon seasons. The difference in rice quality was also analyzed. 【Result】 1) The processing quality and appearance quality in ratoon season were significantly improved, however, the protein contents decreased, and the eating quality of rice was improved to different extents as compared with those in main season; 2) Except for BL type (only one combination, Shenliangyou 11), the processing quality of BH and HL was better, and HL has better appearance quality and cooking and eating quality. There was no significant difference in protein contents among different yield types in main season, while in ratoon season, the protein contents in BH were 10.7 % higher than those in HL, and 1.75% lower than those in LH. 3) The effect of daily average temperature after full heading on grain quality was far greater than the sunshine hours, and the relatively low average daily temperature after full heading in ratoon season was the main reason for its better grain quality. 【Conclusion】 Based on higher grain yield and better rice quality, Liangyou 6326, Tianliangyou 616, Guangliangyou 476 and Fengliangyouxiang 1 were suitable varieties for ratoon cultivation in southern Henan Province.  相似文献   

异季栽培对稻米品质的影响   总被引：53，自引：3，他引：53  

朱旭东  熊振民 《中国水稻科学》1993,7(3):172-174

稻米品质改良是主要育种目标之一。稻米品质的优劣,既受遗传基因的制约,也受环境因素的影响,尤其是灌浆期间的温度条件对稻米品质的作用更大。前人研究认为,灌浆期间温度过高,籽粒的灌浆速率较快,稻米的整精米率下降,透明度变差、垩白度增大,碾磨品质和外观品质变劣;对蒸煮品质来说,高温会使稻米的糊化温度升高、胶稠度变硬,直链淀粉含量也受高温影响,Resurreccion等和赵式英认为这种影响因品种特性而异,Juliano则认为高温会降低直链淀粉含量。从我国目前稻米品质的现状来看,早籼米的品质劣于晚籼米,早籼品种经翻秋栽培后,品质明显变好,但对晚籼品种在早稻生长季节灌浆成熟后,其稻米品质的变化目前尚未见报道。本文通过对同一地点不同季节栽培的稻米进行品质分析,旨在洞悉早籼和晚籼品质差异的原因,以及灌浆期间环境因素对稻米品质影响的程度,以期对水稻品质育种提供依据。  相似文献   

豫南地区头季和再生季水稻产量与品质差异分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汪浩  刘祥臣  张强  余贵龙  张文地  黄健  朱安  刘立军 《中国水稻科学》2020,34(5):425-434

【目的】 “中稻+再生稻”组合是豫南稻区新的水稻种植模式,但是头季与再生季水稻产量和稻米品质变化尚不清楚。明确其产量和米质变化规律可为豫南地区高产优质再生稻品种选择提供理论与实践依据。【方法】以两优6326等12个适于单季种植的杂交籼稻为材料,在当地高产栽培条件下,依据头季和再生季两季产量将其划分为两季产量均高(双高)、头季稻产量高再生季产量低(头高再低)、头季稻产量低再生季产量高(头低再高)和两季产量均低(双低)等四种类型,并分析了米质的差异。【结果】 1)与头季稻相比,12个组合的再生季稻米加工品质和外观品质显著改善,蛋白质含量降低,稻米食味品质不同程度变优。2)两季不同产量类型之间比较,除双低类型(仅深两优11号一个品种)外,双高类型和头高再低类型加工品质较优,而头高再低类型的外观品质和蒸煮食味品质较优。蛋白质含量在各产量类型头季稻之间无显著差异,而再生季双高类型较头高再低类型高10.7 %,比头低再高类型低1.75 %。3)齐穗后日平均温度对稻米品质的影响远大于日照时数,再生季齐穗后日平均温度较低是其稻米品质优于头季稻的重要原因。【结论】综合产量及品质,两优6326、天两优616、广两优476和丰两优香1号是适于豫南地区的高产优质再生水稻品种。  相似文献   

不同土壤肥力条件下麦秆还田与氮肥运筹对杂交稻氮素利用、产量及米质的影响   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

严奉君  孙永健  马均  徐徽  李玥  代邹  杨志远 《中国水稻科学》2015,29(1):56-64

以杂交稻F优498为材料,研究了高、低土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻主要生育期氮素吸收利用特征、产量及米质的影响,并探讨了不同土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖和氮肥运筹对结实期剑叶SPAD值与稻米品质的形成的影响。结果表明,不同土壤肥力下,麦秆覆盖均有效促进杂交稻各生育时期氮素积累,提高了氮素利用效率以及稻谷产量,增加了稻米蛋白质含量、稻米胶稠度,显著降低了稻米垩白度以及垩白粒率,且高土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖优于低土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖处理。同时,不同土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖处理,均以m基肥∶m蘖肥∶m穗肥为3∶3∶4的氮肥运筹模式最优,均能有效调节水稻灌浆结实期叶片SPAD值,提高水稻氮素吸收利用效率及稻谷产量;但稻米品质方面,高土壤肥力以m基肥∶m蘖肥∶m穗肥为5∶3∶2时最佳;而低土壤肥力可适当提高氮肥后移比例,以m基肥∶m蘖肥∶m穗肥=3∶3∶4最佳。相关分析表明,水稻灌浆期剑叶SPAD值与稻米出糙率、整精米率以及蛋白质含量显著或极显著正相关(r=0.47*~0.90**);与垩百度、垩白粒率负相关,但相关未达显著水平;而高土壤肥力下稻米品质各项指标分别与齐穗后19~27d剑叶SPAD值,低土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖与齐穗后13~19d剑叶SPAD值相关系数最大。  相似文献   

不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育及产量的影响   总被引：35，自引：1，他引：34  

叶文培  谢小立  王凯荣  李志国 《中国水稻科学》2008,22(1):65-70

通过在中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站长期定位试验,研究了不同时期秸秆还田对水稻生长发育的影响。秸秆还田提高水稻分蘖数、叶面积指数和地上部干物质量,增加了水稻每1 m2穗数和每穗实粒数,从而提高了水稻产量。但秸秆还田对早稻生长发育的影响明显大于对晚稻生长发育的影响。在施用氮、磷、钾肥条件下,秸秆还田使早稻产量增加1288%（2005年）和1003%（2006年）,效果显著;而晚稻仅增加133%（2005年）和261%（2006年）,增产作用不明显。造成秸秆还田对早晚稻生长发育及产量的影响有明显差异的主要原因是早晚稻生育期的温度等气候条件对还田后秸秆腐解及养分释放影响的不同及秸秆还田到水稻移栽这段时间的长短会对有机酸和CO2等物质的浓度产生影响。还对合理利用秸秆资源提出了建议  相似文献   

Changes in Grain Yield of Rice and Emission of Greenhouse Gases from Paddy Fields after Application of Organic Fertilizers Made from Maize Straw     

MA Yi-hu  ;GU Dao-jian  ;LIU Li-jun  ;WANG Zhi-qin  ;ZHANG Hao  ;YANG Jian-chang 《水稻科学》2014,21(4):224-232

A field experiment was conducted at the farm of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, to study the effects of organic fertilizers made from maize straw on rice grain yield and the emission of greenhouse gases. Four organic fertilizer treatments were as follows： maize straw （MS）, compost made from maize straw （MC）, methane-generating maize residue （MR）, and black carbon made from maize straw （BC）. These organic fertilizers were applied separately to paddy fields before rice transplanting. No organic fertilizer was applied to the control （CK）. The effects of each organic fertilizer on rice grain yield and emission of greenhouse gases were investigated under two conditions, namely, no nitrogen （N） application （ON） and site-specific N management （SSNM）. Rice grain yields were significantly higher in the MS, MC and MR treatments than those in CK under either ON or SSNM. The MS treatment resulted in the highest grain yield and agronomic N use efficiency. However, no significant difference was observed for these parameters between the BC treatment and CK. The changes in the emissions of methane （CH4） carbon dioxide （CO2）, or nitrous oxide （N20） from the fields were similar among all organic fertilizer treatments during the entire rice growing season. The application of each organic fertilizer significantly increased the emission of each greenhouse gas （except N20 emission in the BC treatment） and global warming potential （GWP）. Emissions of all the greenhouse gases and GWP increased under the same organic fertilizer treatment in the presence of N fertilizer, whereas GWP per unit grain yield decreased. The results indicate that the application of organic fertilizer （MS, MC or MR） could increase grain yield, but also could enhance the emissions of greenhouse gases from paddy fields. High grain yield and environmental efficiency could be achieved by applying SSNM with MR.  相似文献   

Wheat Straw Burial Improves Physiological Traits,Yield and Grain Quality of Rice by Regulating Antioxidant System and Nitrogen Assimilation Enzymes under Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation     

Yousef Alhaj Hamoud  Hiba Shaghaleh  Wang Ruke  Willy Franz Gouertoumbo  Amar Ali Adam hamad  Mohamed Salah Sheteiwy  Wang Zhenchang  Guo Xiangping 《水稻科学》2022,29(5):473-488

Wheat straw burial has great potential to sustain rice production under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation. A field experiment was conducted with three wheat straw burial treatments, including without straw burial (NSB), with light straw burial of 300 kg/hm² (LSB) and dense straw burial of 800 kg/hm² (DSB), as well as three AWD regimes: alternate wetting/moderate drying (AWMD), alternate wetting/severe drying (AWSD) and alternate wetting/critical drying (AWCD). The rice growth and grain quality were higher in LSB and NSB than those in NSB under the same AWD regime. The AWMD × DSB treatment resulted in the highest yield, brown rice rate, milled rice rate, amylose content and protein content. Conversely, the AWCD × NSB treatment led to the lowest yield, brown rice rate, milled rice rate, amylose content and protein content. The active absorption area and nitrate reductase activity of roots were higher in the AWMD × DSB treatment than those in the AWCD × NSB treatment, as the former increased organic carbon and nitrogen contents in the rhizosphere, whereas the latter reduced their availability. Total soluble protein content and glutamine synthetase activity were greater in the AWMD × DSB treatment than those in the AWCD × NSB treatment. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were higher in the AWMD × DSB treatment compared with the AWCD × NSB treatment, leading to the amelioration of oxidative cell injury, as shown by a lower malonaldehyde level. This study suggested that farmers should implement AWMD irrigation after leaving the straw residues in the field, followed by deep tillage to improve soil quality and mitigate the drought stress cycles of AWD. This approach can improve rice growth and grain quality and alleviate the problems of disposal of straw residues and water scarcity for sustainable rice production.  相似文献   

永安市稻草催腐还田试验初报     

陈秀莲  朱玲玲  魏晓琼  丛艳静 《福建稻麦科技》2011,29(2):14-16

2010年在永安晚季水稻上进行了早稻草加秸秆腐熟剂还田的试验.结果表明,在永安市气候条件下(7月中、下旬平均气温28～29.5℃),腐秆剂处理的稻草完全腐烂时间在18 d左右,其稻谷产量与无稻草还田的常规施肥对照比较,增产率为4.13%～6.51%;"谷霖"微生物腐秆剂和"金葵子"腐秆剂适宜在永安市稻草还田上推广使用,...  相似文献   

云南高原粳稻与韩国粳稻品质特性比较分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵国珍  杨世准  苏振喜  廖新华  世荣  朱振华  蒋聪  戴陆园 《中国水稻科学》2008,22(3):331-334

对10个韩国粳稻品种和10个云南粳稻品种进行了品质特性比较及相关性分析。云南粳稻和韩国粳稻在外观及碾磨品质指标中的粒宽、长宽比方面存在显著差异,云南粳稻比韩国粳稻籽粒细长;透明度、垩白粒率、糙米率、精米率、整精米率差异不显著。云南粳稻的直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量显著或极显著高于韩国粳稻,而味度值则相反,碱消值差异不显著。 韩国粳稻的最高黏度值、崩解值极显著高于云南粳稻,消减值极显著低于云南粳稻。 相关分析表明,直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量与消减值呈极显著正相关,与最高黏度值、最低黏度值、崩解值及最终黏度值呈显著或极显著负相关,味度值与淀粉RVA谱特征值则表现出相反的相关性,即与消减值呈负相关,而与最高黏度值、最低黏度值、崩解值呈正相关。针对试验结果,对改良云南粳稻品质的途径进行了探讨。  相似文献   

控释尿素减施对双季稻田氨挥发损失和氮肥利用率的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

田昌  周旋  谢桂先  刘强  荣湘民  张玉平  谭力彰  彭建伟 《中国水稻科学》2018,32(4):387-397

长期秸秆还田与耕作方式对水稻产量及品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王子阳  陈婉华  袁伟  周正萍  刘世平 《中国稻米》2021,27(3):17-21

通过稻麦两熟制下的长期定位试验,研究连续秸秆还田及不同耕作方式对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果显示,与“翻耕+秸秆不还田”（对照,CT）相比,“免耕+秸秆还田”处理（MTS）和“翻耕+秸秆还田”处理（CTS）改善了抽穗期水稻上3叶的氮素水平,显著提高了水稻产量,2年试验水稻产量CTS处理比CT处理增加6.9%~14.8%。从产量构成因素来看,MTS和CTS处理的有效穗数都显著提高,实粒数也有所增加;从稻米品质来看,MTS和CTS处理在一定程度上改善稻米的加工品质、外观品质及蒸煮食味品质。但“连续免耕+秸秆还田”处理（NTS）降低了水稻产量,产量比对照（CT）低10.9%~11.8%;与对照（CT）相比,NTS处理的每穗实粒数显著下降,外观品质和蒸煮食味品质变劣。  相似文献   

玉米秸秆还田与实地氮肥管理对水稻产量与米质的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

葛立立  马义虎  卞金龙  王志琴  杨建昌  刘立军 《中国水稻科学》2013,27(2):153-160

 以中熟粳稻扬粳4038为材料,在大田试验条件下研究了玉米秸秆还田与实地氮肥管理对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响。三年（2009—2011）试验结果表明: 1）玉米秸秆还田能提高稻田土壤全氮和有机质含量; 2）在不施氮条件下,玉米秸秆还田处理较对照产量提高了18.9%~32.0%; 3）在实地氮肥管理模式下,玉米秸秆还田处理较对照施氮量下降了7.4%~16.7%,但产量提高了0.5%~11.0%,氮肥偏生产力提高了18.0%~31.7%; 4）在不施氮或实地氮肥管理条件下,玉米秸秆还田均较对照显著提高了整精米率、最高黏度和崩解值,降低了垩白粒率、垩白度、最终黏度和消减值;玉米秸秆还田对水稻的出糙率、精米率、直链淀粉含量和胶稠度无显著影响。在不施氮条件下,与对照相比,玉米秸秆还田提高了籽粒中蛋白质含量。上述结果表明,玉米秸秆还田有利于培肥土壤,采用实地氮肥管理将有助于进一步降低水稻施氮量,提高产量和改善米质。  相似文献   

Grain quality of rices grown in irrigated and upland cultures     

Corazon P. Villareal  Bienvenido O. Juliano  B. Sauphanor 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1990,40(1):37-47

Upland culture of nine varieties at Ivory Coast resulted in decreases in grain weight, brown and milled rice translucency, Chroma meter L^* of rough rice, Chroma meter L^* and b^* of milled rice, milled rice protein, and Amylograph peak viscosity, and in increases in total phenolics of hull and brown rice, and Chroma meter a^* of rough, brown, and milled rice of 5 to 8 of the varieties as compared with irrigated culture. Upland culture had no consistent effect on grain resistance to Angoumois grain moth (Sitotraga cerealella).  相似文献   

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn Concentrations in Shoot and Grain Quality in Rice （Oryza sativa）   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

HAO Hu-lin WEI You-zhang YANG Xiao-e FENG Ying WU Chun-yong 《水稻科学》2007,14(4):289-294

In a pot experiment, effects of N fertilizer application on the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in shoot of rice and the quality of brown rice were studied. In the treatments with N fertilizer application, the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in most parts of rice shoot increased compared with control (no N fertilizer application). This indicated that the transportation ability of microelements from root to shoot in rice was improved with N fertilizer application. Effect of N fertilizer on IR68144 was similar to that of on IR64, but the concentrations of the microelements in plant differed, suggesting that the characteristic expression of the two rice genotypes was not controlled by the amount of N fertilizer supplied. The concentrations of those microelements in brown rice increased at first and then decreased with increasing N fertilizer application, reaching the highest at 160 kg/ha, at which the Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations in brown rice increased by 28.96%, 41.34%, 58.31% and 16.0% for IR64, and by 22.16%, 13.75%, 8.75% and 20.21% for IR68144 compared with control, respectively. Moreover, N fertilizer promoted the accumulation of protein, decreased the accumulation of amylose in grain, and enhanced gel consistency of brown rice. These results indicate that appropriate N fertilizer management could increase micronutrient contents in grain and improve nutrition quality of rice.  相似文献   

湘南丘岗地区水稻轻简施肥技术的效应研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

石宇  张杨珠  吴名宇  侯金权  王学华  黄璜  屠乃美 《作物研究》2009,23(2):74-81

通过田间小区试验,系统研究了在几种轻简施肥技术条件下双季早、晚稻的生育特性、养分吸收规律、肥料养分的当季利用率、经济性状和产量效应以及土壤速效养分的变化规律。结果表明：在轻简施肥技术条件下,双季稻前期早发不明显,中期成穗率高,后期根旺叶健不早衰;早、晚稻不同生育时期的干物质积累量与养分的吸收量具有相似性;早稻前期氮、磷、钾吸收量最低,绝大部分氮、磷、钾养分是在中、后期吸收的,晚稻前期的氮、磷、钾吸收量明显高于早稻,后期的氮、磷、钾吸收量大多低于早稻,不同处理之间差异不大。各轻简施肥处理均能提高早稻对氮和磷的表观利用率,以“湘珠专用肥”处理效果最好,但不能提高早稻对钾的表观利用率;晚稻轻简施肥处理“湘珠专用肥”也能明显提高水稻对肥料氮和钾的表观利用率。轻简施肥处理的水稻产量明显高于当地习惯施肥处理。  相似文献   

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels and Native Soil Properties on Rice Grain Fe, Zn and Protein Contents     

G．CHANDEL S．BANERJEE S．SEE R．MEENA D．J．SHARMA S．B．VERULKAR 《水稻科学》2010,17(3):213-227

Deposition of protein and metal ions (Fe, Zn) in rice grains is a complex polygenic trait showing considerable environmental effect. To analyze the effect of nitrogen application levels and native soil properties on rice grain protein, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) contents, 32 rice genotypes were grown at three different locations each under 80 and 120 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer applications. In treatments with nitrogen fertilizer application, the brown rice grain protein content (GPC) increased significantly (1.1% to 7.0%) under higher nitrogen fertilizer application (120 kg/hm2) whereas grain Fe/Zn contents showed non-significant effect of nitrogen application level, thus suggesting that the rate of uptake and translocation of macro-elements does not influence the uptake and translocation of micro-elements. The pH, organic matter content and inherent Fe/Zn levels of native soil showed significant effects on grain Fe and Zn contents of all the rice genotypes. Grain Zn content of almost all the tested rice genotypes was found to increase at Location III having loamy soil texture, neutral pH value (pH 6.83) and higher organic matter content than the other two locations (Locations I and II), indicating significant influence of native soil properties on brown rice grain Zn content while grain Fe content showed significant genotype × environment interaction effect. Genotypic difference was found to be the most significant factor to affect grain Fe/Zn contents in all the tested rice genotypes, indicating that although native soil properties influence phyto-availability of micronutrients and consequently influencing absorption, translocation and grain deposition of Fe/Zn ions, yet genetic makeup of a plant determines its response to varied soil conditions and other external factors. Two indica rice genotypes R-RF-31 (27.62 μg/g grain Zn content and 7.80% GPC) and R1033-968-2-1 (30.05 μg/g grain Zn content and 8.47% GPC) were identified as high grain Zn and moderate GPC rice genotypes. These results indicate that soil property and organic matter content increase the availability of Fe and Zn in rhizosphere, which in turn enhances the uptake, translocation and redistribution of Fe/Zn into rice grains.  相似文献