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高档牛肉是指在特定的饲养条件下育肥的牛经屠宰后,其胴体经过吊挂、预冷、成熟排酸嫩化处理,然后剔骨分离,进而在胴体分割切块基础上,分切出来的牛胴体上特定部位的肉块。如牛柳、西冷、眼肌三扒等。根据国内外市场对牛肉需求趋向高档化、多样化,提出如下生产高档牛肉的关键技术。 1 育肥牛的选择 1.1 品种 相似文献
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三）什么是排酸？为了达到最佳的适口性，牛肉必须经过排酸处理，即指牛肉经过悬挂后变得酥软可口。随着排酸时间的增长，一是牛肉的切力值降低；二是牛肉变得嫩些，味道也好些。剖边牛肉或分割牛肉在排酸时，（１）胴体重下降；（２）在较长时间的悬挂贮藏后（超过１０天... 相似文献
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本试验选取6具肉牛胴体采用配对试验设计,通过带有高压静电(HVEF)装置的冰箱和普通冰箱二次成熟牛外脊部位肉样,研究高压静电二次成熟牛肉对牛肉品质的影响。结果表明,高压静电组较常规处理组肉色鲜红,二次成熟48h、72h、96h肉色值L*均显著高于常规处理组(P<0.05),a*值均显著低于常规处理组(P<0.05);两组在24h、48h、72h、96h测定的pH值差异不显著(P>0.05);失水率较常规处理组牛肉低15.56%,在48h、72h、96h时两组均差异显著(P<0.05);熟肉率较常规处理组提高1.07%,成熟24h、48h、72h、96h四个阶段,两组之间熟肉率差异均不显著(P>0.05);剪切力值较常规处理组低6.24%,在24h时两组差异不显著(P>0.05),48h、72h两组差异极显著(P<0.01),成熟96h两组差异显著(P<0.05)。综上,高压静电对分割后的牛肉在0~4℃条件下二次成熟具有改善作用。 相似文献
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钙离子活化酶系统与牛肉嫩度的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文运用回归与相关分析方法 ,研究了牛肉中钙离子活化酶系统各组分与成熟5天及14天后牛肉剪切力值的关系。研究发现 ,μ-CDP与成熟5天及成熟14天后牛肉的剪切力值呈高度负相关 ,CA与它们均呈高度正相关 ,而m -CDP似乎与牛肉成熟后的嫩度关系不大。本文还研究了运用 μ-CDP和CA的活性预测牛肉嫩度的回归方程。结果表明 ,用CA或CA :μ-CDP与牛肉剪切力值的回归关系 ,都可以很好地预测牛肉成熟5天或成熟14天后的嫩度 ,这对我国未来进行牛肉质量控制具有重要意义 相似文献
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皮埃蒙特牛于1986年作为具有双肌肉特征的牛品种引入中国后与当地牛杂交,其后代表现出父本的双肌肉显性特征,在胴体分割上,如肩胛部、背通脊部、臀尻部,及分割肉最佳部位,如T-骨排、前腰脊、后腰脊、上脑、胛后肉等都特别发达,呈现出一个不用借其他相邻肌块,仅由本肌块完整切块就可以加工成足够成为独立切块的特征,如米龙肉可做软菲力、后腿眼肉可开发精细牛排等,而提供高价部位肉和切块肉。在中国东方式和西方式牛肉餐饮业都处于发展中,皮埃蒙特牛胴兼有分割为日式和欧美式两种牛胴肉的优点,并生产高档和高价位切块。目前制订适用于东方和西方餐饮业牛胴分割的国家标准很有必要,而且已经具备条件。 相似文献
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Although more than 3 million head of dairy cows enter the food supply chain in the U.S. every year, research on this topic remains limited and scarce. Meat production from dairy cows is a significant component of beef production, accounting for almost 10% of U.S. commercial beef production. Thus, the purpose of this review is to demonstrate the importance of dairy cows as a beef source, and to provide an overview on topics from farm to meat product—culling, marketing, transportation, welfare, body composition and its relationship with lactation particularities, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and traceability. Current scientific evidence has shown that culling a dairy cow at an appropriate time has beneficial effects on cow welfare and, consequently, cow value. During marketing the dairy cow is visually evaluated for health and factors associated with its expected carcass value; thus, marketing a well-conditioned cow will ensure that the animal is fit for transportation and provides high carcass yield. However, limitations such as low body condition score, lameness or mobility problems, and visual defects remain persistent. Even though beef harvest plants accommodate cows in all body composition states, the current carcass grade system does not reflect the mature cow industry needs. Therefore, improvement of the grading system could maximize carcass utilization and increase cow carcass value by recognizing subprimal cuts that could be merchandised as whole muscle cuts. Lastly, implementation of a traceability system would unify information from the farm to harvest assisting the industry in making further advancements. 相似文献
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中国荷斯坦奶公犊不同胴体等级间产肉性能及肉质差异研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本研究以400头中国荷斯坦奶公犊为试验动物,研究不同胴体等级间产肉性能及肉质差异。对不同胴体等级间产肉性能研究结果发现,除分割肉产率外,其它指标随着等级增加而增大;不同胴体等级间奶公犊的胴体重、分割肉重、优质部位肉重等指标存在显著差异(P<0.05);对不同胴体等级间肉质研究结果发现,不同体形等级间奶公犊肉质差异不显著(P>0.05);随脂肪等级的增加,犊牛肉的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、感官品质升高,含水量、蒸煮损失、剪切力、色度值L*降低。不同脂肪等级的犊牛肉,除脂肪含量、多汁性存在显著差异外(P<0.05),其它肉质指标均无差异(P>0.05)。试验结果表明,胴体等级能够在一定程度上反映荷斯坦奶公犊的产肉性能,但是对犊牛肉肉质的预测性较低。 相似文献
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An attempt was made to interrelate the data obtained in experiments conducted by our Department along beef, veal and pig slaughter lines, using lactic acid (LA) for the decontamination of carcasses, cold and hot boned primal cuts, slaughter byproducts, and butcher's knives. First and foremost it was observed, that provided Good Manufacturing Practices are strictly followed, the microbial load of carcass surfaces will be substantially reduced. LA-decontamination may result in an additional reduction. Since in the early post-mortem period bacteria are not yet attached to the meat surface, LA-decontamination should preferably be applied to the hot carcass. It was demonstrated that, dependent on mode and duration of application, LA sprays not exceeding 1% v/v (beef), 1.25% v/v (veal) and 1.5% v/v (pork) resulted in acceptable carcass colour scores. Blood spots, which are particularly prone to discolouration by lactic acid application, should be removed at an early post-mortem stage e.g. by strong showering. The difference in surface pH between LA-treated and control carcasses disappeared within 72 hours post-mortem. Veal longissimus chops treated with LA solutions up to 2% v/v were not identified by a consumer taste panel as significantly different from controls. The 'immediate' bactericidal effect of LA-decontamination for beef, veal and pig carcasses, as well as for pig liver and veal brain, amounted to approximately 1.5 log cycles for the aerobic colony counts, strongly dependent on substrate and conditions of decontamination. In addition, a 'delayed' bacteriostatic effect was observed during storage, which is probably the result of a prolonged lag phase of acid-injured micro-organisms surviving lactic acid decontamination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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７头商品鲁西牛胴体第１１肋后缘截面的客观测量值及相应的其它屠宰数据应用ＳＡＳ软件对胴体产肉率进行了回归分析,结果表明半胴体重、皮下脂肪厚、背眼肌面积、腔脂％组建的四元方程对后腿分割肉产率的预测力最大,其次是后躯分割肉产率、全部可食肉产率、主要分割肉产率对全部分割肉产率的预测力最小。眼肌面积是主要分割肉产率最重要的独立预测指标;腔脂％对全部分割肉产率、全部可食肉产率、后躯分割肉产率单独的预测作用最大 相似文献
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Rosalina M. LAPITAN Arnel N. DEL BARRIO Osamu KATSUBE Tomomi BAN-TOKUDA Edgar A. ORDEN Alberto Y. ROBLES Tsutomu FUJIHARA Libertado C. CRUZ Hideya HOMMA Yukio KANAI 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(6):596-604
This study was conducted to determine and compare the live traits, carcass yield and the physical, chemical, processing and sensory properties of meat from 20 Brahman grade cattle (crossbred cattle) and crossbred water buffalo (Philippine carabao × Murrah, Bulgarian or Indian) with an average age and weight of 29 months and 434 kg, respectively. The animals were fed a similar diet for 180 days before slaughter. A survey was performed to establish consumer meat preference between the two species. Live weights before slaughter of the two species were found to be different (P < 0.05) with the crossbred water buffalo showing higher bodyweight. However, the crossbred water buffalo had a lower (P < 0.05) dressing yield based on hot carcass weight and chilled carcass weight. The lower dressing yield of crossbred water buffalo can be attributed to its higher (P < 0.05) weights of edible and non‐edible slaughter by‐products. The chilled carcass yield of the forequarters and hindquarters from crossbred cattle and crossbred water buffalo were comparable when expressed as percent of live weight and chilled carcass weight. The estimated lean yield was higher in crossbred cattle than crossbred water buffalo. Crude protein, ash, fat, cholesterol, myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic and insoluble protein contents of the beef and carabao meat were all similar. Water holding capacity, pH, muscle fiber diameter, tenderness, firmness and marbling score in carabeef were all comparable to the beef. Redness was found to be higher (P < 0.05) in carabeef than the beef as measured with a color meter. The consumer meat preference survey showed that 55.9% selected the beef while 44.1% preferred carabeef. The color and amount of fat on the outside of the beef sample were primary in buyer selection. 相似文献
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[目的]通过屠宰分析和测定评价,明确张掖肉牛的屠宰性能和肉质风味,作为依据制定下一阶段的选育目标和选配方案。[方法]选择核心育种场育肥牛,检疫后定点集中屠宰测定分析;分割排酸取样,真空包装不同部位肉样带北京试验室根据相应的测定标准进行肉质评定。[结果]张掖肉牛公牛育肥至22.4月龄屠宰,活重、胴体重分别达635.4 kg,371.4 kg,产净肉303.66 kg;屠宰率、净肉率和胴体产肉率分别达58.48%,47.8%和81.76%;胴体脂肪覆盖度良好,肉色和脂肪颜色达到日本胴体分级标准中较高级别。牛肉肉质细嫩,高蛋白,低脂肪,但大理石花纹欠缺。熟肉制品风味独特,多汁性良好,与北京市场销售西门塔牛肉相比,具有较高的适口性和营养价值。[结论]张掖肉牛品种改良、培育成效显著,生产水平达到肉用牛标准,肉质风味能够满足目前的市场需求;若开拓高端牛肉市场,需着力大理石花纹的培育。 相似文献
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Yinji CHEN Chunbao LI Li LIU Guanghong ZHOU Xinglian XU Feng GAO 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(4):440-444
Seven hundred and three native and crossbred Chinese Yellow cattle (mean live weight: 523 ± 38 kg) were slaughtered, chilled and segmented. The hot carcass weight (HCW, kg), fat thickness (FT, cm) and rib eye area (REA, cm2) were measured to predict weights and percentages of beef cattle retail cuts. A correlation analysis showed that the HCW and REA were positively correlated with the weights of the total retail cuts (TRC, kg), top grade retail cuts, prime retail cuts and percentage of total carcass weight. A regression analysis indicated that HCW and REA were the best predictors for the weight of total retail cuts (Y = ?16.71 + 0.382 HCW + 0.593 REA), and the HCW explained more of the variation than REA. Meanwhile, HCW and REA accounted for 62% of the variation of percentage of total retail cuts (Y = 43.24 ? 0.025 HCW + 0.170 REA), whereas the REA was more valuable than the HCW. The FT contributed little in estimating weight or percentage of retail cuts. 相似文献
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Mogens Vestergaard Kristen Sejrsen John Foldager Signe Klastrup Dale E. Bauman 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(3):165-172
Abstract Our objective was to examine the effects of bovine growth hormone (bGH) on growth, carcass composition and meat quality of dairy heifers. Nine monozygotic twin pairs of Friesian or Red Danish cattle were used, and pair-fed à diet consisting of grass silage, barley and soybean meal. Within each pair, one animal was given daily subcutaneous injections of 20 IU of pituitary-derived bGH (15–20 mg), while the other animal was injected with saline (excipient). Treatments started at 179±2 kg body weight and lasted for 15.6 weeks. At slaughter, carcass composition and meat quality were analyzed. bGH treatment increased gain by 8% (948 vs. 877 g/d; P <0.03). The amount of saleable meat in carcass and lean content of four main carcass cuts were on average increased by 2% (P <0.05). Concomitantly, carcass fat trim was reduced by 12% (P <0.001), fat trim of individual cuts by 4–21% (P <0.05), and kidney fat by 13% (P <0.01). Except for a 20% reduction of intramuscular fat content (P <0.001), meat quality assessed by objective as well as subjective methods was unaffected by bGH treatment. In summary, bGH treatment of dairy heifers around puberty stimulated growth and reduced carcass fattening including intramuscular fat, while eating quality of the meat was unaffected. 相似文献
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内蒙古肉牛运输的动物福利问题及对策分析 《畜牧与饲料科学》2018,39(11):96-99
随着近年来规模化肉牛养殖的兴起,内蒙古作为我国和世界重要的高品质牛肉输出基地,其肉牛产量持续增加,但由于运输环节福利理念的欠缺以及操作不规范,肉牛在运输后出现了瘀伤、血斑、DFD肉、胴体重量减轻、运输应激等问题,导致部分牛肉色泽不佳、风味劣化、肉品等级降低,严重影响着牛肉的营养和安全性、肉牛产业以及农牧民的经济效益。因此,肉牛运输过程中的动物福利日益成为生产者和消费者关注的热点。综述了内蒙古肉牛运输中的动物福利问题及国内外研究现状,并提出了改善肉牛运输中动物福利的措施,以期为改善肉牛运输福利提高牛肉品质提供借鉴。 相似文献