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1.
In the ampulla roof of the wave-like extending horse rectum the muscular coat is only weakly developed as a deltoid-shaped tuna muscularis area, thus forming a place of minor resistance. With regard to the degree of development of the muscular coat a rectal ampulla with a stable form and strong muscles can be distinguished from an ampulla with a labile form and weak muscles. The rupture of the intestinal wall in this region in the case of rupture-experiments as well as the frequent occurrence of diverticula reveals this area as being a place of minor resistance which requires extreme caution during rectal examination. The forensic judgement of a rectal perforation has to be based on detailed pathoanatomical investigations. If the rules of veterinary art had been neglected, the proof of blamelessness for the investigator is being out of consideration. If all rules of veterinary art, however, had fully been observed during rectal exploration, the proof of blamelessness for the investigator is very difficult to be obtained, when a perforation or a rupture has resulted. Only if the rupture is located in the dorsal part of the rectum, there exists the possibility, that it is a spontaneous one, if anatomical conditions, thickness of the muscular coat or the presence of diverticula do support this. 相似文献
2.
The immersible culture medium MICUR-BT used in human medicine for the detection of antimicrobial substances in the urine was tested for its suitability in pigs. In in-vitro tests, 15 pure antibiotic substances, 2 pure substance mixtures as well as 5 veterinary injection preparations with no direct antimicrobial effect were checked. The agar perforation test was used as a reference procedure. In a total of 65 pigs the detectability of 9 pure antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents, 2 pure substance mixtures as well as 5 veterinary drugs with no direct antimicrobial effect was tested after oral or parenteral application. In the in-vivo tests the MICUR-BT test turned out to be more reliable than the agar perforation test. In 76.9% of the untreated pigs below 30 kg b.w. the MICUR-BT-test showed an antimicrobial effect. Such effects were reduced by 38.3% in the reference procedure. 相似文献
3.
本文为探索湛江近海海域裸体方格星虫的消化系统特点,以湛江近海海域裸体方格星虫为材料,对其消化道的形态和组织学进行了切片剖析。结果表明,裸体方格星虫消化系统由口、咽、食道、肠、直肠、盲肠和肛门等组成;在直肠上附有直肠盲囊,其消化道约为体长的2.5倍,肠道通过3个回折及螺旋缠绕形成肠索;消化道管壁由内向外分为黏膜层、黏膜下层和浆膜层,黏膜层有大量的皱褶,没有连续肌肉层,而黏膜下层由结缔组织组成,含有肌纤维和血管神经等;裸体方格星虫消化道有发达的纤毛,直肠盲囊连接于直肠末端,里面充满黄色液体。 相似文献
4.
K Tempel 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1987,15(3):245-248
In the Federal Republic of Germany, the medical and veterinary uses of X-rays are governed by legal rules entitled "R?ntgenverordnung" which have been enacted in 1973. In the meantime, these directives have undergone an amendment, coming into effect January 1st, 1988. Some new regulations with concern to veterinary medicine are outlined below. 相似文献
5.
Enzootic bovine leukosis--a retrovirus disease 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
O C Straub 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1988,16(4):353-357
6.
Prior to hydration, the cysts of Artemia salina are cup-shaped with a diameter of approximately 0.18 mm. Upon immersion in sea water, the cysts slightly increase in diameter to 0.19 mm and assume a spherical shape. Hatching begins with the splitting of the surface coat. The split runs along a straight line, approximately one-half the circumference of the cyst. The exposed fracture in the surface coat reveals three distinct regions: (1) a thin (1.2 μm) smooth outer layer; (2) a thick (4.7 μm) ‘spongy’ layer; and (3) a thin (1.8 μm) fibrous inner layer. The split becomes more pronounced as the nauplius, enclosed within a transparent hatching membrane, slowly emerges. Once completely emerged from the cyst, the nauplius begins a series of beating movements which rupture the hatching membrane, allowing the nauplius to swim free. 相似文献
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E Petzinger 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1991,19(1):14-20
Fluorinated inhibitors of gyrase open a new field in chemotherapy. For veterinary purposes one drug, enrofloxacin (Baytril), has been registered hitherto in Germany. Well known disadvantages of the old gyrase blockers (e.g. nalidixic acid and others) have been their limited clinical application (compounds were useful only for therapy of infections of kidney cavities) and their deficits in antimicrobial efficacy regarding Gram-positive bacteria, pseudomonas and mycoplasmas. Fluorinated 4-quinolones, however, exhibit broad antibiotic effects in addition to their useful pharmacokinetic properties. The compounds are indicated in therapy of infections by E. coli, Salmonella, Pasteurella, Mycoplasma and Haemophilus species as well as against CRD (chronic respiratory disease). Development of resistance is markedly slowed down compared with nalidixic acid due to a multi-step resistance. Resistance is unstable and may revert in bacteria. Nevertheless, resistant bacteria in the veterinary field are exceptions. Cross-resistance includes only compounds belonging to 4-quinolones. Adult animals show few side effects to gyrase blockers. In young animals a deficit in biotransformation and renal clearance has been observed. Most prominent are dose dependent irreparable deformations of joint cartilages which have forced to contraindicate the use of Baytril in growing dogs. 相似文献
10.
利用传统石蜡切片、HE染色等方法对塔里木裂腹鱼(Schizothorax biddulphi)消化系统形态学和组织学特征进行研究。结果显示,塔里木裂腹鱼消化系统由消化管和消化腺组成,消化管包括口咽腔、食道和肠(前肠、中肠、后肠和直肠)。口咽腔内具有发达的咽齿。无胃,肠与食道紧接,前肠膨大。消化道由腔面向外依次为黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜层,但口咽腔只有黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层,未发现有浆膜层。消化道4层中,黏膜层差异最大：口咽腔黏膜层为复层扁平上皮,其间分布有味蕾和大量黏液细胞;食道粗而短,黏膜层为复层扁平上皮,黏膜褶两侧分布大量黏液细胞,且固有膜血管丰富;肠道上皮细胞为单层柱状上皮,上皮间分布有杯状细胞,其数量由前向后逐渐增加,而黏膜褶高度逐渐降低。消化腺由肝脏和胰脏组成,肝脏的肝小叶不明显,但明显可见肝血窦及中央静脉分布,肝门管区不典型。胰脏仅在肠系膜中出现,而未在其他组织中发现,胰小叶间中央静脉明显,中央静脉中可见大量椭圆形有核的红细胞。本研究对塔里木裂腹鱼消化系统形态学和组织学特征与其食性的关系进行了探讨,旨在丰富塔里木裂腹鱼的生物学研究内容,可为其食性分析及饵料开发提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Masashi Ando Yoko Nakagishi Keiko Yoshida Masashi Nakao Takayuki Nakagawa Yasuo Makinodan Yasuyuki Tsukamasa Ken-Ichi Kawasaki 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(5):1104-1108
Pyridinoline (Pyr), one of the mature crosslinks of collagen, was determined in muscular collagen of three species of fish.
The amounts of muscular Pyr in red sea bream, yellowtail, and tiger puffer were 3.4, 8.8, and 50.3 mmol/mol collagen, respectively,
indicating that the Pyr concentration in muscular collagen differs greatly among fish species. The Pyr concentration in tiger
puffer muscular collagen was the greatest, but it was only one-fourth that in rabbit muscle. As in mammalian skin collagen,
Pyr was not detected in skin collagen of red sea bream and yellowtail. However, tiger puffer skin contained Pyr (3.75 mmol/mol
collagen). The presence of Pyr would have a relationship to some features of tiger puffer skin, such as mechanical strength
and thickness. Pyr concentrations in acid-soluble collagen (ASC), pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC), and insoluble collagen
(ISC) in muscles of three species of fish were determined. Pyr was found in ISC > PSC > ASC, from the highest to the lowest
concentration, and the concentration in ISC was 45–200 times that in ASC. Therefore, Pyr crosslinks that are formed between
collagen molecules would have a close relationship to collagen solubility. 相似文献
13.
采用石蜡切片法和显微测量法研究了新型三倍体鱼－湘鱼鲫（Carassius auratus Triploid)，湘云鲤（Cyprinus carpio Triploid)消化道的组织结构，并探讨了消化道组织结构和食性之间的关系，结果表明：湘云鲫，湘云鲤食道和肠道壁均由粘膜层，粘膜下层，肌层，浆膜层4层组成，缺乏粘膜肌，二者消化道的组织结构与其各自的食性一致，二者食道粘膜上皮由单层柱状细胞和杯状细胞组成，这与其它鱼类的不同，湘云鲫比湘云鲤具有对食物更强的消化吸收能力；／湘云鲫，湘云鲤肠道可分为前肠，中肠，后肠3段。 相似文献
14.
Abstract. Pleistophora typicalis Gurley, 1893, a parasite of the striated muscle of Myoxocephalus scorpius has been re-examined at light- and electron-microscope levels. Foci of infection were almost exclusively found in the ventral body wall where a mixture of schizonts, sporonts and masses of pansporoblasts lay in direct contact with unaltered host myofibrils and mitochondria. All stages were surrounded by a thick (0-5 μm) amorphous coat, external to the plasmalemma. In schizonts this was traversed by channels passing from the plasma-lemma to a layer of vesicles in contact with the muscle. This coat became modified as a pansporoblast envelope surrounding the mature spores: at first a layer of fine granules was laid down about mid-way across the previously amorphous coat, while the channels disappeared. At the time when the sporogonial plasmodium retracted away from the coat to produce the pansporoblast cavity, the layer of the coat within the granules disintegrated into spherical vesicles. The pansporoblast envelope around the mature spores was composed of two or three layers of different electron density, including one which was strongly electron dense. The pansporoblast envelope as defined here corresponds in function, but not necessarily in origin, to the sporophorous vesicle that encloses the spores in other pansporoblastic microsporidia. Schizonts had an extensive system of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, composed of expanded vesicles and divided by plasmotomy into smaller multinucleate segments. The endoplasmic reticulum of sporogonial stages was comprised of a network of fine channels, parallel arrays of flat cysternae and close-packed stacks of membranes. The sporogonial plasmodium divided stepwise through smaller multinucleate segments into uninucleate sporoblasts. Nuclei were isolated throughout development. Two types of sporonts were recognized: large sporonts gave rise to pansporoblasts containing up to 200 microspores. Macrospore pansporoblasts always contained eight macrospores. Microspores measured 4–4 × 2·3 μm (fresh) and were probably uninucleate. Macrospores measured 7·5 × 3·0 μm (fresh) and were probably binucleate. Another microsporidium, found in the muscles of Blennius pholis, which had been attributed to the same species by Thélohan (1895), was distinguished on the basis of spore size (microspores 3·9 × 2·3 μm and macrospores 7·7 × 3·8 μm fresh) and by the fact that electron dense components were laid down in the pansporoblast wall early in sporogony. The species was named Pleistophora littoralis n.sp. 相似文献
15.
大眼鳜和斑鳜消化道组织结构的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大眼鳜(Siniperca kneri)和斑鳜(Siniperca scherzeri)的标本于2010年3-6月采集于嘉陵江合川段,用组织学方法和H.E染技术比较研究了大眼鳜和斑鳜消化道的组织结构。结果表明:消化道由黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜组织所构成,食道上皮主要为复层扁平上皮、单层柱状上皮和少量杯状细胞组成。大眼鳜的消化道较斑鳜的发达,如食道的黏膜下层及杯状细胞、胃黏膜下层的厚度、幽门盲囊绒毛密集程度。两种鱼消化道变化的基本规律为从食道到胃黏膜层和黏膜下层逐渐增厚,从胃到前肠厚度减少。大眼鳜肠前段、中段和后段的杯状细胞密度、肠绒毛上皮的杯状细胞的大小及形态的发达程度都大于斑鳜。同时由于大眼鳜的肠道形态结构较斑鳜发达,以至在物理消化上也较斑鳜强。该研究为大眼鳜和斑鳜的保护和养殖提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
16.
Kyung Mi Lee Yoshiaki Yamada Akihiro Okamura Katsumi Tsukamoto Toyoji Kaneko 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(1):77-86
We explored osmoregulatory ability and mechanisms of ion and water regulation in Japanese eel leptocephali. Tissue osmolality of leptocephali ranged from 360 to 540 mOsm/kg·H2O. Immunocytochemical observations revealed that Na+/K+-ATPase-immunoreactive mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells were distributed over the entire body surface of leptocephali. Using a fluorescent sodium indicator and the chloride test, we localized Na+ and Cl? secreting sites at the apical region of cutaneous MR cells. To further examine drinking behavior and water absorption in the intestine, leptocephali were exposed to seawater containing dextran labeled with Alexa Fluor. To calculate relative water absorption, fluorescent intensity was measured along the digestive tract. Whereas water was hardly absorbed in the stomach and intestine, water absorption predominantly took place in the rectum. Our findings indicate that Japanese eel exert hyposmoregulatory ability as early as during leptocephalus stages, secreting Na+ and Cl? through cutaneous MR cells and primarily absorbing water from ingested seawater in the rectum. 相似文献
17.
西伯利亚鲟消化道形态学和组织学的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对人工养殖2龄西伯利亚鲟消化道的形态解剖学和显微组织学结构进行了观察。研究结果表明,西伯利亚鲟的消化道从前至后分为口咽腔、食道、胃、幽门盲囊、十二指肠、瓣肠和直肠,食道与胃的分界不明显,形成一个"食道-胃过渡区",胃分为贲门部、胃体部和幽门部。组织学研究显示:西伯利亚鲟的消化道由内向外一般分为粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜四层。其中食道粘膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,含杯状细胞和粘液细胞。"食道-胃过渡区"已有腺体存在。胃上皮细胞为单层柱状上皮细胞,无杯状细胞,胃的粘膜表面有许多上皮凹陷形成的胃小凹,幽门部的胃小凹较贲门部和胃体部深;贲门部和胃体部中含有大量的胃腺,幽门部无胃腺。幽门盲囊的管腔内被向内深入的肌层分割成许多完全或不完全的囊腔;粘膜褶皱和褶皱上的绒毛纵横交错,形成网状。肠上皮均为单层柱状上皮,上皮细胞间分布有大量的杯状细胞;粘膜褶皱的高度和数量、杯状细胞的数量从前至后递减:十二指肠粘膜褶皱细而高,上有许多绒毛;瓣肠粘膜和粘膜下层向管腔内突出并卷曲,形成螺旋瓣;直肠的粘膜褶皱矮且宽。 相似文献
18.
“Whitish muscle disease” of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, also called “whitish disease” or “white tail disease”, is a new serious epizootic disease that has occurred in recent years in giant freshwater prawn culture regions, mainly in southern China. This disease occurred in post-larvae 3-5 days to 3 weeks after desalting. Clinical signs include the development of white spot in muscles or milky muscles throughout the body, causing serious loss in few days, with a mortality rate of 40-90%. A 26-27 nm icosahedral non-enveloped virus, identified as M. rosenbergii Nodavirus (MrNV), was confirmed as the aetiological agent. Twelve hybridomas strongly secreting monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against MrNV were shown to be specific for MrNV and reacted with MrNV 42 kDa coat protein by Western blot. A triple antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) was developed and shown to be a useful diagnostic tool for MrNV infection. 相似文献
19.
A total number of 30 native breed cows were used in this investigation. Ten animals were clinically healthy and kept as control, while 20 diseased cows were selected according to rectal findings. At the beginning of the disease, the cows appeared obese with marked deposition of fat in the subcutaneous tissue at the lumbosacral area, later on they became emaciated. Additional signs were digestive disturbance in form of diarrhea or constipation and tympany. Rectal examination revealed hard irregular masses of various size which were palpated in the pelvis, the perirenal area around the colon and the rectum. More information about the nature and character of the lesions were taken from slaughtered cows. Biochemical analysis, including total lipids, cholesterol triglycerides and creatine kinase, were carried out in both healthy and diseased cows. In advanced cases of bovine lipomatosis hyperlipemia and hypercholesterolemia as well as increased creatine kinase values were constant findings. The aetiology of this disease is still unknown. 相似文献
20.
If a severe uterine inflammation is diagnosed 15 days post partum in a cow with retained placenta by clinical examination, it has to be assumed that this inflammation was already manifest two days before (in the discussed case at the time of purchase). By an external examination of the animal this genital inflammation cannot be seen, if there is no vaginal discharge or dried uterine fluids at the tail and around the vulva. The inflammation is the consequence of the placental retention, even if there has been veterinary assistance (manual removal of the retained placenta, antibiotic treatment of the uterus) in time. After manual removal of the placenta, part of it is normally left in the tips of the uterine horns; they cannot be reached by the veterinarian's hand. Even by additional means - like application of oxytocin, lifting the abdomen of the cow with the aid of a plank or trying to invert the tip of the uterine horn - the fetal membranes cannot always be totally removed. The statement that the placenta has been totally removed, is correct only if the end of the chorionic membranes could be clearly identified. Each placental retention in cattle carries the risk of reduced fertility. If a cow is sold a few days post partum, this defect, which can reduce the animal's breeding value, may be unnoticed. 相似文献