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1.
米曲霉中性蛋白酶钝化大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了消除大豆饼粕中胰蛋白酶抑制剂的抗营养作用,提高大豆蛋白的利用效率,本文主要从中性蛋白酶加重、酶解温度、Na2SO3加量、不同金属离子和酶解时间等方面考察了米曲霉ZW-06所产中性蛋白酶对豆粕中胰蛋白酶抑制剂的钝化作用.研究结果表明,在豆粕中添加1∶500(质量比)的蛋白酶就能钝化豆粕中40%的胰蛋白酶抑制剂.温度对蛋白酶钝化胰蛋白酶抑制荆的影响很小,金属离子的加入普遍抑制蛋白酶对胰蛋白酶抑制荆的降解,酶解时间在30 min就能达到最大抑制效果. 相似文献
2.
测定豆饼中尿素酶活性的简便方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正> 由于榨油工艺过程中加热温度和时间的不同,会出现生的或过熟的豆饼(粕)。生豆饼中含有多种抗营养因子,其中重要的是胰蛋白酶抑制因子、血凝素和尿素酶,过熟的豆饼(粕)也会降低必需氨基酸尤其是赖氨酸和精氨酸的利用率。尿素酶的活性强弱和胰蛋白酶抑制因子的降解率几乎相同,而测定尿素酶要比测定胰蛋白酶抑制因子容易且成本低。因此,可用测定豆饼中尿素酶活性强弱的方法来现场评估所购豆饼的质量。 相似文献
3.
大豆中胰蛋白酶抑制因子的生化性质和抗营养作用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
生大豆中含有许多抗营养因子影响其营养价值与利用效果,其中最主要的是胰蛋白酶抑制因子。本文总结了大豆中两大类胰蛋白酶抑制因子,即Kunitz类和Bowman-Birk类抑制因子的主要生化性质,以及含大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子的日粮对不同种类动物的饲喂效果和生理反应。另外还介绍了胰腺分泌的蛋白酶与抑制因子的识别与反应机理,以及大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子阻碍动物生长和引起胰腺增大的作用方式。最后讨论了在研究胰蛋白酶抑制因子的抗营养作用时,需要注意的几个问题。 相似文献
4.
大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子（TIs）及其钝化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子（ＴＩｓ）及其钝化河南洛阳市农牧局王向阳南京农业大学动科系吴迪，陆治年大豆饼粕是畜禽最重要的蛋白质饲料资源，但是其营养价值受许多抗营养因子的影响。例如：胰蛋白酶抑制因子（ＴｒｙｐｓｉｎＩｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒｓ——简ＴＩｓ）、低聚糖、植... 相似文献
5.
钝化大豆饼饲喂雏鸡的效果张建云闫贵龙靳玲品李秀花刘立文（河北省张家口农业高等专科学校沙岭子０７５１３１）如何使生大豆饼粕中抗胰蛋白酶因子失去活性，消除其不良影响，改善生豆饼粕品质，是生产中迫切需要解决的难题。张家口农专科研组研制的钝化剂及钝化工艺，可... 相似文献
6.
1胰蛋白酶抑制因子在兔的常用饲料中,大豆、蚕豆等的胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量特别高。胰蛋白酶抑制因子不仅阻碍家兔对蛋白质的消化,而且会使兔体丧失部分蛋白质。家兔长时间饲喂生大豆 相似文献
7.
344只AA肉仔鸡分别从15日龄和35日龄开始饲喂胰蛋白酶抑制因子含量不同的日粮至49日龄 ,以观察胰蛋白酶抑制因子对不同年龄阶段和不同饲喂期的肉仔鸡胰腺重和组织学的影响。150只伊莎褐蛋用公雏在不同时期屠宰 ,以探讨胰腺随饲喂时间的变化规律。结果表明 :肉仔鸡胰腺相对重与日粮中胰蛋白酶抑制因子浓度呈明显的剂量依赖关系 ,日粮中胰蛋白酶抑制因子浓度为1.97～0.20 %时胰腺未出现明显变化 ,年龄和饲喂期长短对肉仔鸡胰腺影响不大。胰腺对胰蛋白酶抑制因子反应迅速 ,且这种代偿反应在日粮胰蛋白酶抑制因子降低到0.19 %时是可逆的 相似文献
8.
《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2018,(4)
1)忌水。豆饼被水浸湿后,极易酸败。用酸败的豆饼喂鸡,不但适口性降低,有时还会引起腹泻,甚至中毒死亡。2)忌生。生豆饼含有胰蛋白酶抑制素和红细胞凝集素等有害物质,生喂不但营养成分难以被充分吸收利用,而且还会出现腹泻等症状,鸡食入后蛋白质利用率降低,生长减慢,产蛋量下降。因此,用豆饼喂鸡在使用前必须高温处理,等熟化后再饲喂。 相似文献
9.
豆粕制品质量的评定方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大豆粕是我国以及世界畜牧业生产中主要的植物蛋白质饲料来源,其用量占粕饲料的７０％。大豆饼（粕）蛋白质含量高,一般在４４％左右,赖氨酸含量高于其他粕,其应用价值均优于其他粕。但是,生大豆粕中含有多种抗营养因子,尤其是抗胰蛋白酶抑制因子（ＴＩ）,它的活性高低直接关系到单胃动物对大豆粕蛋白质的消化吸收与利用。当猪、禽饲喂生豆粕后,则会引起拉稀,从而影响增重和产蛋率;对于犊牛、仔猪则会引起严重腹泻,增重缓慢,甚至死亡。通过对大豆粕的研究发现,大豆粕中的抗胰蛋白酶抑制因子（ＴＩ）含量与其中的豚酶（ＵＡ）含… 相似文献
10.
大豆产品中胰蛋白酶抑制因子及其对猪禽生产性能的影响综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文阐述了大豆饼(粕)中的主要抗营养因子——胰蛋白酶抑制因子的种类、理化性质及其对猪禽生产性能的影响,以及破坏胰蛋白酶抑制因子的处理方法。 相似文献
11.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2017,26(2):260-272
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of steam pelleting of diets containing graded levels of raw, full-fat soybean meal (RSBM) on the chemical properties and feeding values of the diets. Samples of diets with steam- or non-steam-pelleted as well as the mash containing varying levels of RSBM were subjected to detailed chemical analysis. As a result of this study, trypsin inhibitor (TI) concentrations in the diets ranged between 4,153 and 10,484 TIU/g. Amino acid concentrations were higher in the non-steam-pelleted and mash diets than the steam-pelleted diets. A 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (RSBM: zero, 10, 20 or 30%, equivalent to zero, 30, 60, and 90 g/kg of diet, respectively, and non-steam- or steam-pelleted diets) was used while feeding broiler chicks (zero to 14 d of age). Each treatment was replicated 6 times with 8 birds per replicate. As a result of this study, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in mortality of birds among the groups. Feed intake (FI) (P < 0.05) and body weight gain (BWG) (P < 0.001) decreased with increasing levels of RSBM. Birds fed on steam-pelleted diets gained less (P < 0.001) weight than birds on the non-steam-pelleted diets, but the FI was not significantly (P > 0.05) different. The FCR was negatively affected (P < 0.05) by increasing levels of RSBM. There was no interaction effect between RSBM and pelleting method on the FI, BWG, or FCR of birds. The weight of the pancreas (P < 0.001) and duodenum (P < 0.01) increased with a rise in the level of RSBM in diets. Non-steam pelleting increased (P < 0.05) the pancreatic protein content, whereas the activity of chymotrypsin was reduced (P < 0.01) when the RSBM level was increased. Birds fed with RSBM-free diets had thicker muscle, longer villi, wider villus surface area, and higher villus to crypt depth ratios than birds on the other diets, but these differences were not significant. It can be concluded that steam pelleting of diets containing RSBM is inadequate to reduce the adverse impact of TI on chicks. 相似文献
12.
大豆抗营养因子对生长蛋鸡生产性能、氮代谢和小肠内胰蛋白酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了观察不同梯度大豆抗营养因子（Ａｎｔｉｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓ、简称ＡＮＦｓ）对不同生理阶段的生长蛋鸡的影响，本试验采用４８０只海兰褐蛋用雏鸡，以熟豆饼日粮为对照，从３或９周开始给饲３个水平的生大豆日粮（４％，９％和１３％），每期每个日粮４个重复。在３～８周和９～１８周观察雏鸡的采食量，日增重和饲料效率。在第８和１７周分别测定各组的粗蛋白质和干物质的代谢率。并于８、１３和１８周末每个重复随机抽取试鸡两只屠宰，观察小肠内胰蛋白酶活性的变化。结果表明，３个水平的大豆ＡＮＦｓ对育雏期雏鸡的增重没有影响，育成期对照组的增重明显高于采食生大豆组（Ｐ＜０．０５），大豆ＡＮＦｓ使饲料效率降低，但对氮和干物质的代谢影响不显著；８、１３和１８周龄雏鸡小肠内胰蛋白酶活性亦无显著变化。 相似文献
13.
14.
J. J. Ramos A. Loste L. M. Ferrer A. Fernández N. Castro A. Ortín M. T. Verde A. Argüello L. Figueras 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(1):93-98
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of soybean trypsin inhibitor (TI) on immunoglobulin G (IgG) serum levels and growth in neonatal goat kids. Twenty‐four newborn kids were fed with natural colostrum (group A), and 24 kids received the same colostrum with 1 g of TI per litre (group B). Blood samples were obtained at birth and on days 1, 2 and 4 of life to analyze serum proteins, IgG and haematological parameters. There were no clinical signs of disease and no significant differences in body weight between the groups. Haematological parameters were not affected by treatment. The peak of serum IgG was reached at 24 h of life, but no effects of soybean TI was observed on serum IgG levels. The apparent efficiency of absorption of IgG was similar in both groups (group A 24.5% vs. group B 25.2%, p > 0.05). The addition of TI to colostrum did not change the concentration of serum proteins and their fractions in goat kids. The correlation between serum IgG and γ‐globulin was positive and significant (p < 0.01, r = 0.64) in group A, but not in group B (p > 0.05, r = 0.08), suggesting a negative influence of soybean TI on γ‐globulin absorption. These results show that addition of soybean TI to colostrum did not improve the performance or immunological status in goat kids. 相似文献
15.
Effect of soybean variety and processing on growth performance of young chicks and pigs 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Palacios MF Easter RA Soltwedel KT Parsons CM Douglas MW Hymowitz T Pettigrew JE 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(4):1108-1114
The objective of this study was to determine whether soybeans without the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and lectins could be fed effectively to young chicks and pigs. Specifically, we compared the growth performance of chicks and pigs fed diets containing modified soybeans: Kunitz trypsin inhibitor-free (KF), lectin-free (LF), lectin and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor-free (LFKF), conventional soybeans (CSB), and commercially obtained, dehulled, solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM). A 7-d chick experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of CSB, KF, LF, LFKF, and SBM. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design, with four replicates, five treatments, and six male chicks per pen (n = 120). The five treatments consisted of 23% CP dextrose-soybean-based diets containing KF, LF, LFKF, CSB, or SBM as the source of dietary protein. A 28-d pig experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of CSB, LF, LFKF, and SBM. Pens of four pigs were assigned randomly to a control, corn-SBM, or one of six corn-soybean diets containing raw or extruded soybean varieties as a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design with five blocks per treatment (n = 140). Chicks fed diets containing any of the raw soybean varieties gained less weight (P < 0.05) than chicks fed SBM (22.81 g/d for SBM vs. 14.17 g/d for the raw soybeans combined). Among the raw soybean treatments, there was a greater effect on growth performance (P < 0.05) by removing both lectins and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (ADG of 16.56 g for LFKF) than by removing each antinutritional factor separately (ADG of 14.38 and 14.11 g for KF and LF, respectively). Pig growth performance was different (P < 0.001) for SBM (ADG of 409 g) and all the varieties when extruded (ADG of 450 g for CSB, 417 g for LF, and 408 g for LFKF) compared with the raw soybean treatments (ADG of 101 g for CSB, 165 g for LF, and 266 g for LFKF). Among the raw soybean treatments, growth performance improved (P = 0.003) as the antinutritional factor, lectin, was removed from the soybean and improved further (P = 0.045) when both lectins and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor were removed. The growth-inhibiting effect of feeding modified soybeans to young animals was more detrimental for pigs than for chicks in our experiments. Soybeans without the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and lectins cannot be fed successfully to young chicks and pigs without heating. 相似文献
16.
去皮豆粕和普通豆粕对肉鸡生产性能及营养素利用率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验选用192只1日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分成2个处理组,每个处理设6个重复,每个重复16只鸡,采用玉米-豆粕型饲粮,比较去皮豆粕和普通豆粕对肉鸡生产性能及营养素利用率影响的差异。结果表明:去皮豆粕对各阶段肉鸡的采食量、增重及料重比均无显著影响(P>0.05);去皮豆粕组饲粮粗蛋白质利用率比普通豆粕组提高8.80%(P<0.05),去皮豆粕组饲粮粗灰分、钙、磷利用率分别比对照组提高2.54%、4.63%、4.37%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
17.
K L Herkelman G L Cromwell T S Stahly T W Pfeiffer D A Knabe 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(3):818-826
An experiment was conducted with ileally cannulated pigs to determine the apparent digestibility of amino acids and N in raw or heated conventional or low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans. Six littermate barrows initially averaging 24 kg were fed cornstarch-based diets (10.5% CP, .68% lysine, 3,558 kcal of ME/kg) supplemented with raw (unheated), conventional soybeans; raw, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans; heated, conventional soybeans; heated, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans; or solvent-extracted soybean meal. Heating was achieved by autoclaving soybeans (after grinding) for 20 min at 110 degrees C. The urease activities of the two raw soybean sources were similar, but the trypsin inhibitor activity of the raw, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans was about one-half that of the raw, conventional soybeans. The lower trypsin inhibitor activity of the raw, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans was associated with an improvement in the apparent digestibility of amino acids and N compared with the raw, conventional soybeans (P less than .05). Heating reduced the urease and trypsin inhibitor activities and improved (P less than .05) the apparent digestibility of amino acids and N in both types of soybeans. However, the heated, conventional soybeans contained more trypsin inhibitor activity than the heated, low-trypsin-inhibitor soybeans and the digestibilities of the amino acids were lower (P less than .05). Although the urease and trypsin inhibitor activities of the two heated soybean sources were similar to or less than those of soybean meal, the digestibilities of amino acids were not as great (P less than .05) in the heated soybeans as in soybean meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
18.
1. Two broiler experimentss and a layer experiments were conducted on Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (Kti) soybeans (SB) of low trypsin inhibitor (TI) activity to determine their nutritive value when included as mash in least-cost poultry diets. 2. Experiment 1 compared chick performance on the Kti or raw SB using a commercial full-fat SB meal (FFSBM) and a solvent extracted SB meal (SBM) as controls during a 20 d experimental period. Broiler experiment 2 compared Kti and raw SB, non-steamed, or steam-pelleted with and without DL-methionine supplementation added to every treatment containing 170 g SB/kg. For each broiler experiment the levels of each SB were 70, 120 and 170 g/kg with the control birds fed only 170 g SB/kg. 3. The layer experiment, compared steam-pelleted Kti and raw SB against a non-steamed Kti and raw SB each fed at two levels (70 and 110 g/kg) x 30 replicates from 29 weeks of age for 19 weeks in a completely randomised design. Production parameters were measured when diets were formulated to contain minimum required specifications and calculated apparent metabolisable energy (AME). At the completion of each trial, 2 broiler birds from each cage and 5 layer birds per treatment were killed, weighed, and their liver and pancreas weighed. 4. Both broiler experiments indicated that production parameters on the Kti SB treatments were significantly lower (P<0.05) than on the two commercial control SB treatments. However, the Kti treatments were superior to the raw SB treatments. 5. Pancreas weight increased with increasing inclusion of both raw and Kti SB, suggesting that a TI was causing the depression in performance. The AME of the Kti SB was similar to that of commercial FFSB meal. After steam conditioning, the raw SB meal AME value of 9.5 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) was improved to 14.1 MJ/kg DM by reduced TI activity, but this AME improvement with TI activity reduction, plus the supplementation with DL-methionine on birds fed the raw SB had no effect (P>0.05) on any parameter evaluated in experiment 2. 6. The layer experiment showed that hens on the Kti SB treatments had significantly greater live weight gain (LWG), egg weight and daily egg mass than birds given raw SB. A reduced food intake (FI) was observed in the Kti treatments but egg mass was generally similar to that on the FFSB control diet, indicating that Kti SB supported excellent egg production at an inclusion of 110 g/kg. The depressed performance observed for broiler chicks suggest that younger birds are more susceptible to the effects of SB TI. 相似文献
19.
Acrosomal proteases allow the spermatozoon not only to cross the cumulus cells and penetrate the zona pellucida of the oocyte, but also they are needed for the acrosome reaction process (AR). The present study evaluated in vitro the role of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the acrosome reaction of canine spermatozoa by means of protease inhibitors. Spermatozoa obtained from the second fraction of the ejaculate and devoid of seminal plasma were re‐suspended in canine capacitation medium (CCM) and incubated at 38.5°C in 5% CO2. After 2 h (period of sperm capacitation), aliquots of sperm suspension were incubated separately with trypsin inhibitor NPGB (p‐nitrophenyl‐p′‐guanidino‐benzoate); TI (Trypsin inhibitor I‐S Type from soybean) and with chymotrypsin inhibitor TPCK (N‐tosyl‐L‐phenylalanine‐chloromethyl‐ketone) for 30 min. The AR was induced with progesterone and evaluated using the dual fluorescent staining technique ‘Hoechst and chlortetracycline’. Acrosomal exocytosis levels were statistically significant higher in the samples treated with progesterone than in the control without inducer. However, the trypsin inhibitors NPGB, TI and the chymotrypsin inhibitor TPCK reduced the percentage of AR when compared with the control with progesterone and without inhibitor (p < 0.001), where the AR values were 45.63 ± 3.8%, 51.63 ± 2.8%, 58.38 ±4.1% and 71.25 ± 4.9%, respectively. These results show that trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors are effective in blocking the acrosome reaction induced by progesterone in canine; in addition, they suggest the participation of respective proteases in the AR process in this species. 相似文献
20.
文章旨在评估肉鸡在不同生长阶段饲喂不同蛋白源日粮对其生长性能、小肠酶活和胫骨特征的影响。试验将平均初始体重为（43.55±0.36）g的400只商品肉仔鸡随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只。试验分为1～14?d和15～28?d两个试验阶段,T1组肉鸡在1～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T2组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂豆粕型日粮,15～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T3组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂菜粕型日粮,15～28?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,T4组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,15～28?d饲喂豆粕型日粮,T5组肉鸡在1～14?d饲喂鱼粉型日粮,15～28?d饲喂菜粕型日粮。结果：T3和T4组肉鸡1～14?d平均日增重和采食量显著高于T1和T2组,而T1和T2组肉鸡1～14?d料重比最低（P＜0.05）。T1和T5组肉鸡小肠胰蛋白酶活性显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）,T3和T4组肉鸡小肠脂肪酶活性显著高于其他组（P＜0.05）,T1组肉鸡小肠糜蛋白酶活性最低（P＜0.05）。T2组胫骨灰分含量较其他组分别显著提高了9.65%、13.64%、15.74%和17.92%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,肉鸡在生长初期（1～14?d）饲喂菜粕型日粮可以显著改善采食量和日增重。
[关键词]蛋白源饲料|肉鸡|生长性能|酶活|胫骨特征 相似文献