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1.
为从农田杂草中筛选出镉超富集植物用于镉污染农田的修复,本研究以无瓣蔊菜为试验材料,通过模拟不同浓度镉胁迫条件,探究不同镉浓度处理对无瓣蔊菜生长量、光合色素含量以及镉富集特性的影响,揭示无瓣蔊菜对镉污染土壤的修复能力。结果表明,随着土壤镉浓度的增加,无瓣蔊菜的生长受到抑制但无毒害症状,当土壤镉浓度≤75 mg·kg-1时,无瓣蔊菜的叶绿素含量有所降低,但与对照间无显著性差异;当土壤镉浓度达到75 mg·kg-1时,无瓣蔊菜地上部分镉含量为112.77 mg·kg-1,根系镉含量为69.87 mg·kg-1,且植株根系和地上部分对镉的富集系数(BCF)和转运系数(TF)均大于1,说明无瓣蔊菜是一种镉富集植物。转运量系数(TAF)以及镉积累量与土壤镉浓度的回归分析表明,镉在无瓣蔊菜中的分布规律为地上部分根系。当土壤镉浓度≤50mg·kg-1时,镉元素从根系到地上部分的转运能力增强,有利于无瓣蔊菜富集镉。综上所述,无瓣蔊菜对镉有很强的耐性,可吸收土壤中的镉,并转运积累到地上部分,收获后将其迁移出土壤,以达到修复镉污染的目的。无瓣蔊菜适用于镉污染浓度在75 mg·kg-1以内的农田修复。本研究为筛选优良超镉富集植物材料提供了相关的科学依据。 相似文献
2.
以牛繁缕为试材,采用盆栽试验研究其在不同镉浓度条件下的镉积累特性。结果表明:牛繁缕根系生物量、地上土壤部分生物量和总生物量均随土壤镉浓度的升高而降低。在土壤镉浓度小于100 mg kg-1时,牛繁缕的抗性系数均大于0.5;当土壤镉浓度为25 mg kg-1时,抗性系数最大,为0.931。在不同镉浓度条件下,牛繁缕光合色素的合成会受到一定程度的抑制,叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素总量均随镉污染浓度的增加而逐渐降低,但叶绿素a和a/b值则表现为波动变化的趋势。随土壤镉浓度的增加,牛繁缕根系及地上部分镉含量呈增加的趋势;当土壤镉浓度为100 mg kg-1时,牛繁缕地上部分镉含量为118.94 mg kg-1,大于镉超富集植物临界值(100 mg kg-1)。牛繁缕根系和地上部分富集系数均大于1,但转运系数小于1。牛繁缕根系、地上部分和整株的镉积累量最大分别能达到449.05、126.07、532.83μg plant-1,生物富集量系数及转运量系数均随土壤镉浓度的增加而降低。在土壤镉浓度不高于75 mg kg-1时,牛繁缕生物富集量系数大于1 g plant-1,但各个镉处理下的转运量系数均小于1。由此可见,牛繁缕是一种镉富集植物,具有较强的镉富集能力,可用于镉污染农田的修复。 相似文献
3.
基于东亚金发藓监测土壤镉污染的生物学机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用对镉具有高敏感性特征的苔藓植物——东亚金发藓(Pogonatum inflexum)为材料,以不同浓度梯度镉污染基质作为胁迫条件,观测该植物在镉胁迫下的生长发育状况、镉富集能力、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量及MDA含量,并分析比较了各项指标变化特征与土壤中全镉含量及有效镉含量的相关性。结果显示,供试土壤中有效镉含量约占全镉含量的20%~40%,东亚金发藓对镉的富集能力总体较弱,其最大富集浓度值为1.627 mg kg-1,最高富集系数为63.9%,植株富集浓度与土壤有效镉含量之间的相关性高于全镉;东亚金发藓对镉污染表现出显著反应特征,植株孢子体和配子体受害症状明显,1~2 mg kg-1以上的镉胁迫(土壤有效镉含量大于0.559 mg kg-1时)即可使叶部黄化、褐变,5 mg kg-1的镉处理导致蒴柄弯折、植株枯亡;东亚金发藓叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量等生理指标变化特征受镉胁迫影响明显,且与有效镉含量呈显著相关性,适合作为东亚金发藓监测土壤镉污染及镉生物有效性的指示指标。 相似文献
4.
镉胁迫对白车轴草生长、镉含量及养分分配的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解镉(Cd)胁迫对白车轴草(Tritolium repens L.)生长发育以及养分的吸收、累积与分配的影响,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度镉处理下白车轴草幼苗的生长、生物量及碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)和钾(K)的积累与分配特征。结果表明:随镉胁迫浓度增加,植株幼苗叶面积、主根长、侧根数、侧根长及地上部高先升高后降低,叶柄长明显降低;而根、茎、叶中镉含量逐渐升高,且根系大于茎叶。同时,植物各器官生物量生产及C、N、P和K积累量均表现出随镉添加量的增加而先升高后降低,高浓度镉胁迫处理(50.00、100.00和200.00 mg·kg-1)明显抑制植株生物量生产以及C、N、P和K的积累,显著改变了生物量及其C、N、P和K积累量的分配格局,但低浓度镉处理(12.50mg·kg-1)却无明显影响。一定浓度的镉胁迫处理(12.50和25.00 mg·kg-1)降低植株N、P、K的利用效率,但高浓度镉处理(200.00 mg·kg-1)则提高植株N、P、K的利用效率。本研究为城市园林绿化及镉污染土壤的修复提供了应用潜力,同时也为牧草的安全评估提供了科学借鉴。 相似文献
5.
镉污染对烤烟根际土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《土壤通报》2015,(3):628-632
根际土壤微生物是根际土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,为了明确镉污染条件下烤烟根际土壤微生物群落结构变化,采用全生育期盆栽方法,利用分子生物学PCR-DGGE技术,对不同浓度镉污染下烤烟根际细菌和真菌的群落结构进行了分析,结果表明:(1)镉污染浓度为4 mg kg-1处理的根际土壤细菌群落条带数,明显少于其他处理;随镉污染浓度的增加,一些土壤细菌类群逐渐消失,但特定细菌对高浓度镉污染具有较强的耐受能力;根际细菌可归入8个类群,Bacterium ellin、Acidobacteria酸杆菌和Mycobacterium分枝杆菌属对不同浓度镉污染具有较强的适应能力,其中leptolyngbya瘦鞘丝藻属能适应中等浓度的镉污染,在该浓度下,该微生物可大量繁殖为优势种群。(2)随着镉污染浓度增加,部分特有真菌类群出现,但是在中等镉浓度(4 mg kg-1)处理下,部分真菌类群消失;真菌群落结构可归入4个类群,其中优势和共有类群为Fusarium镰刀菌属和未知菌属,对不同浓度镉污染耐受性较强;Acremonium sclerotigenum硬化支顶孢霉对镉污染反应敏感,Rhizopus根霉菌属嗜好高浓度镉的真菌。 相似文献
6.
直流电场与添加剂强化东南景天修复镉污染土壤 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过盆栽试验,研究交换直流电场(电压梯度1.0 V cm-1、通电时间6 h d-1)和添加剂(15 g kg-1猪粪堆肥、10 g kg-1腐殖酸肥或5 mmol kg-1乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)对超积累植物——东南景天修复镉污染土壤的影响。结果表明,施加直流电场和添加剂均显著(p0.05)提高土壤有效态镉含量,促进东南景天对镉的吸收转运。在电场作用下,东南景天地上部镉含量提高26.6%~47.5%;在添加剂(猪粪堆肥、腐殖酸肥、EDTA)作用下,东南景天地上部镉含量分别提高22.9%~33.1%、14.3%~29.4%和6.1%~12.0%。双向切换电场方向能有效控制土壤pH的剧烈变化,施加直流电场对东南景天地上部生物量无显著影响。施加15 g kg-1猪粪堆肥和10 g kg-1腐殖酸肥显著提高东南景天地上部生物量,增幅分别为40.3%~43.7%和16.3%~18.2%,但是,添加5 mmol kg-1EDTA却显著抑制东南景天的生长,东南景天地上部生物量减少7.3%~7.5%。综合东南景天地上部镉含量和生物量,在猪粪堆肥―交换直流电场和腐殖酸肥―交换直流电场的联合作用下,东南景天地上部镉积累量分别提高了135%和100%,因此,猪粪堆肥和腐殖酸肥联合交换直流电场可显著促进东南景天对镉的吸收积累,提高东南景天修复镉污染土壤的效率。 相似文献
7.
土壤施用富集植物秸秆对荠菜镉积累的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
通过在镉污染土壤中施用镉富集植物碎米荠、旱莲草、豆瓣菜和小飞蓬秸秆,研究了四种镉富集植物秸秆施入土壤对荠菜镉积累的影响。结果表明:四种镉富集植物秸秆施入土壤均提高了荠菜地上部分生物量、总生物量和抗性系数,同时也提高了荠菜叶片SPAD值(绿色度)。土壤施用旱莲草秸秆提高了荠菜茎、叶片及地上部分的镉含量,分别比各自对照提高了23.81%、1.51%和10.95%,同时也提高了土样有效态镉含量,其余三种处理均低于各自对照。土壤施用旱莲草秸秆的荠菜整株镉积累量显著高于未施用,为43.82μg plant-1,比未施用提高了17.35%,而其余三种处理的荠菜整株镉积累量均低于未施用。因此,土壤施用旱莲草秸秆能够提高荠菜对土壤镉的吸收与积累,有利于提高荠菜对镉污染土壤的修复。 相似文献
8.
土施超富集植物秸秆对荠菜生长及镉积累的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[目的]研究超富集植物秸秆对富集植物重金属积累的化感作用,为镉污染土壤的植物修复研究提供参考。[方法]通过在镉污染土壤中施用镉超富集植物〔(红果黄鹌菜Youngia erythrocarpa)、三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、少花龙葵(Solanum americanum)和豨莶(Siegesbeckia orientalis)〕秸秆,研究了4种镉超富集植物秸秆施入土壤对镉富集植物荠菜生长及镉积累的影响。[结果]4种镉超富集植物秸秆施入土壤均提高了荠菜地上部分生物量、总生物量和抗性系数,同时提高了荠菜叶片SPAD值(绿色度)。土施红果黄鹌菜秸秆提高了荠菜根系、茎、叶片及地上部分的镉含量,分别比各自对照高11.81%,102.07%,12.00%和54.95%,同时也提高了土样有效态镉含量,其余3种处理均低于各自对照。土施红果黄鹌菜秸秆的荠菜地上部分和整株的镉积累量均高于对照,分别为42.11和54.74μg/株,比各自对照高83.09%和54.11%,而其余3种处理的镉积累量均低于对照。[结论]土施红果黄鹌菜能够提高荠菜对土壤镉的积累,有利于提高荠菜对镉污染土壤的修复效果。 相似文献
9.
为探讨叶面硒肥对生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)镉胁迫的改善作用,通过盆栽试验,设置2个镉污染浓度(1 mg/kg,Cd1;3 mg/kg,Cd3)和3个叶面硒肥浓度(0 mg/L,Se0;1 mg/L,Se1;3 mg/L,Se3),研究了不同浓度叶面硒肥对生菜镉积累的影响。结果表明:①叶面硒肥的喷施可不同程度降低生菜对镉的吸收积累,较之Cd1+Se0处理,Cd1+Se1处理可显著降低生菜叶镉含量,降幅为26.29%;较之Cd3+Se0处理,Cd3+Se3处理下生菜叶镉含量显著降低49.05%。②喷施适宜浓度的叶面硒肥可不同程度提升生菜过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,Cd1+Se1处理下,生菜的CAT、SOD活性分别显著高于Cd1+Se0处理40.38%、68.71%,而MDA含量则显著降低44.48%;Cd3+Se3处理下,生菜的CAT、SOD活性较Cd3+Se0处理分别显著提升77.48%、51.70%,而MDA含量则显著降低48.90%。因此,喷施适量的叶面硒肥可明显提升生菜抗逆特性,进而有效阻控生菜对镉的吸收,其中土壤镉含量为1 mg/kg(Cd1)时,叶面硒肥喷施浓度以 1 mg/L效果最佳,土壤镉含量为3 mg/kg(Cd3)时,叶面硒肥喷施浓度以 3 mg/L效果为最优。 相似文献
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11.
Friedman M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(4):1295-1319
Heat and alkali treatments of foods, widely used in food processing, result in the formation of dehydro and cross-linked amino acids such as dehydroalanine, methyldehydroalanine, beta-aminoalanine, lysinoalanine (LAL), ornithinoalanine, histidinoalanine (HAL), phenylethylaminoalanine, lanthionine (LAN), and methyl-lanthionine present in proteins and are frequently accompanied by concurrent racemization of L-amino acid isomers to D-analogues. The mechanism of LAL formation is a two-step process: first, hydroxide ion-catalyzed elimination of H(2)S from cystine and H(2)O, phosphate, and glycosidic moieties from serine residues to yield a dehydroalanine intermediate; second, reaction of the double bond of dehydroalanine with the epsilon-NH(2) group of lysine to form LAL. Analogous elimination-addition reactions are postulated to produce the other unusual amino acids. Processing conditions that favor these transformations include high pH, temperature, and exposure time. Factors that minimize LAL formation include the presence of SH-containing amino acids, sodium sulfite, ammonia, biogenic amines, ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and glucose; dephosphorylation of O-phosphoryl esters; and acylation of epsilon-NH(2) groups of lysine. The presence of LAL residues along a protein chain decreases digestibility and nutritional quality in rodents and primates but enhances nutritional quality in ruminants. LAL has a strong affinity for copper and other metal ions and is reported to induce enlargement of nuclei of rats and mice but not of primate kidney cells. LAL, LAN, and HAL also occur naturally in certain peptide and protein antibiotics (cinnamycin, duramycin, epidermin, nisin, and subtilin) and in body organs and tissues (aorta, bone, collagen, dentin, and eye cataracts), where their formation may be a function of the aging process. These findings are not only of theoretical interest but also have practical implications for nutrition, food safety, and health. Further research needs are suggested for each of these categories. These overlapping aspects are discussed in terms of general concepts for a better understanding of the impact of LAL and related compounds in the diet. Such an understanding can lead to improvement in food quality and safety, nutrition, microbiology, and human health. 相似文献
12.
Barbosa J Freitas A Moura S Mourão JL Noronha da Silveira MI Ramos F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(22):11927-11934
Nitrofurans were broadly used as an extremely effective veterinary antibiotic especially in pig and poultry production farms. Because of fears of the carcinogenic effects on humans, the nitrofurans were banned from use in livestock production in many countries, including the European Union. The present study examines the accumulation, distribution, and depletion of furaltadone and nifursol and of their tissue-bound metabolites [3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) and 3,5-dinitro-salicylic acid hydrazine (DNSAH), respectively, in poultry edible tissues (muscle, liver, and gizzards) following administration to chickens of therapeutic and subtherapeutic concentrations of both compounds. Nitrofurans determination was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively, for feeds and for poultry tissues. Furaltadone and nifursol, in very low concentrations, were found in samples of muscle, liver, and chicken's gizzard collected from slaughtered animals after 5 weeks of treatment and no withdrawal time period. When a withdrawal time period of 3 weeks was respected, no detectable nitrofuran parent compounds was observed in all of the studied matrices. For AMOZ, concentrations of 270 μg/kg in meat, 80 μg/kg in liver, and 331 μg/kg in gizzard were determined after administration of a medicated feed with furaltadone (132 mg/kg), 3 weeks after withdrawal of treatment. For DNSAH, the concentration values obtained are much lower than those observed for AMOZ. For meat, liver, and gizzard, DNSAH concentrations of 2.5, 6.4, and 10.3 μg/kg, respectively, were determined, after administration of a medicated feed with nifursol (98 mg/kg), 3 weeks after withdrawal of treatment. The gizzard could be considered a selected matrix for nitrofuran residues evaluation in poultry, due to its capacity of retaining either nitrofuran parent compounds or metabolites in higher concentrations, regardless of the administered dose or of the respected withdrawal time period. 相似文献
13.
Sefton MA Skouroumounis GK Elsey GM Taylor DK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(18):9717-9746
Among plant-derived odorants, damascenone is one of the most ubiquitous, sometimes occurring as an apparent natural product but more commonly occurring in processed foodstuffs and beverages. It has been widely reported as a component of alcoholic beverages, particularly of wines made from the grape Vitis vinifera . Although damascenone has one of the lowest ortho- and retronasal detection thresholds of any odorant, its contribution to the sensory properties of most products remains poorly understood. Damascenone can be formed by acid-catalyzed hydrolyses of plant-derived apocarotenoids, in both aglycon and glycoconjugated forms. These reactions can account for the formation of damascenone in some, but not all, products. In wine, damascenone can also be subject to degradation processes, particularly by reaction with sulfur dioxide. 相似文献
14.
Rababah TM Hettiarachchy NS Horax R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(16):5183-5186
The total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, green tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert-butylhydroquinone, were determined. Grape seed and green tea were analyzed for their phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolics of the plant extracts, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, ranged from 24.8 to 92.5 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalent/g dry material. The antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts determined by conjugated diene measurement of methyl linoleate were 3.4-86.3%. The antioxidant activity of the extracts using chicken fat by an oxidative stability instrument (4.6-10.2 h of induction time) followed a similar trend in antioxidant activity as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Seven phenolics in grape seed and green tea extracts were identified that ranged from 15.38 to 1158.49 and 18.3 to 1087.02 mg/100 g of extract, respectively. Plant extracts such as green tea and grape seed extracts can be used to retard lipid oxidation in a variety of food products. 相似文献
15.
L. M. Mugwira 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):591-606
This study was conducted to determine relationships between Al toxicity and mineral uptake of triticale (X Triticosecale, Wittmack), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.). Two culti‐vars of each species were grown in 1/5‐strength Steinberg solution with 0, 3, 6, or 12 ppm Al added. The solutions were adjusted to pH 4.8 at transplanting and were not adjusted thereafter. The plants were grown in a growth chamber for 19 days before harvesting to determine nutrient solution pH, dry weights, and Al, Ca, Mg, K, and P levels in plants. Increasing Al concentration reduced the final pH of solutions. The addition of 12 ppm Al severely reduced the growth and increased Al concentration of plant tops. The Al levels in roots generally increased with increments of added Al up to 6 ppm. Increasing Al decreased the uptake of Ca, Mg, and P by plant tops more than that of K. Regression analyses indicated that Al toxicity was associated with increasing K/Ca + Mg equivalent ratios and decreasing P concentration in plant tops. Differences between species were: higher Al concentration in rye than wheat with 6 and 12 ppm Al, higher translocation of Ca from roots to tops in wheat than in rye and Mg in triticale and wheat than rye; K/Ca + Mg equivalent ratios associated with 50% reduction in top growth followed the order: triticales > tolerant wheat > sensitive wheat > rye. Differences in mineral uptake associated with Al toxicity in wheat were more indicative of differential Al sensitivity in wheat than in triticale and rye which have higher internal Al tolerance. 相似文献
16.
Christopher W Rogers Gongshe Hu Robert Mikkelsen 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(22):2678-2686
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a cereal grown for animal feed, human consumption, and malting. Nutrient concentrations are important as they provide information regarding the dietary values of barley consumed by animals or human beings. In addition, grain nutrient removal may be useful for refining fertilizer recommendations. A study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 investigating the cultivar effects on grain yield, quality, and grain nutrient concentrations and removal under irrigated conditions for two-row barley cultivars. Adjunct and feed cultivars produced the highest yields compared with the all-malt and food cultivars. Specific quality and nutrient values were greater than or equal to in the food cultivar compared to the malt or feed cultivars. Variations in nutrient concentrations were measured among the adjunct and all-malt cultivars, which could potentially affect the malting and brewing qualities. Grain yield, quality, nutrient concentrations and nutrient removal varied among cultivars grown under identical environmental conditions, which may influence end-use. 相似文献
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9-10):1267-1277
Abstract Long‐term no‐tillage has profound effects on soil properties which can affect the availability of plant nutrient elements. The objectives were to study the effects of tillage and lime treatments on soil pH and extractable soil micronutrients where poultry litter was used as a nitrogen (N) source. Surface soil samples were taken in the spring and fall for two years from a long‐term tillage experiment that had been in place for nine years. There were two tillage treatments [conventional (CT) and no‐tillage (NT)] and six lime/ gypsum treatments (control, 8,960 kg gypsum ha‐1 every fourth year, 4,480 kg lime ha‐1 every fourth year, and three treatments of 8,960 kg lime ha‐1 in a four‐year period divided by application times into 1, 2, and 4 treatments per year). Poultry litter was applied each year of the two‐year experiment at a rate of 8.96 Mg ha‐1 on a dry weight basis. The crop was corn (Zea maize L.). Soil samples were analyzed for pH and Mehlich‐1 zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu). Soil pH was higher for NT than CT and was higher in the spring than in the fall. Lime rates resulted in soil pH increases, but showed less difference for CT than NT. The three 8,960 kg ha‐1 per four yr treatments caused an interaction in that for CT the pH increased more for 2,240 kg ha‐1each year than for 8,960 kg ha‐1 every fourth year and the opposite was true for NT. Extractable Zn, Mn, and Cu all responded to this interaction being lower for the higher pH plots. Extractable Zn was higher for NT possibly due to high Zn from the poultry litter and non‐incorporation for NT. Extractable Cu was lower for NT as expected from the soil pH, whereas extractable Mn was not affected by tillage. Extractable Zn and Cu both increased over time due to inputs from the poultry litter. Neither extractable Zn nor Mn responded to increasing lime rates, however Cu decreased with increasing lime rate. Extractable Cu was influenced mainly by soil pH differences due to tillage and lime. Extractable Zn was influenced much more by tillage and from inputs by the poultry litter and not as much by pH differences. Extractable Mn was the least responsive to tillage and lime treatments of the three micronutrients studied. 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):751-756
Abstract The phytotoxicity of five nonessential elements (Co, V, Ti, Ag, Cr) to higher plants was studied in solution culture experiments with bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. C.V. Improved Tendergreen). All, but in varying degrees, tended to concentrate in roots with a decreasing gradient to stems and leaves. Cobalt was one of the more mobile of the five trace metals. Its toxicity was expressed as severe chlorosis; 43 (with 10‐5 M) and 142 (with 10‐4 M) μg Co/g dry weight in leaves resulted in severe chlorosis. Vanadium as 10‐4 M vanadate resulted in smaller plants but not in chlorosis. Leaf, stem, and root V, respectively, were 13, 8, and 881 μg/g dry weight. Titanium was somewhat mobile with considerable yield decrease at 10‐4 M; leaf, stem, and root Ti concentrations, respectively, were 202, 48, and 2420 μg/g. Symptoms were chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, and stunting. Silver was very lethal at 10‐4 M AgNO3; at 10‐5 M yields were greatly decreased, but plants were grown without symptoms. Leaf, stem, and root concentrations of Ag for this treatment, respectively, were 5.8, 5.1, and 1760 μg/g dry weight. Plants grown with 10‐5 N Cr2O7 were decreased in yield by about 25% with or without EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) while the same level of Cr2(SO4)3 was essentially without effect. For the two salts, the leaf, stem, root concentrations for Cr, respectively were 2.2 and 1.3, 0.7 and 0. 7, and 140 and 104 μg/g. Most of the trace metals studied here had interactions in the uptake and/or distribution of other elements. 相似文献
19.
Llobet JM Falcó G Casas C Teixidó A Domingo JL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(3):838-842
This study was designed to estimate the dietary intake of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) by the general population of Catalonia, Spain. The concentrations of these elements were determined in food samples randomly acquired in seven cities of Catalonia between June and August 2000. A total of 11 food groups were included in the study. As, Cd, Hg, and Pb levels were measured by ICP-MS and AAS. The dietary intake of these elements was determined by a total diet study. Calculations were carried out on the basis of recent data on the consumption of the selected food items. Trace element intake was estimated for five population groups: children, adolescents, male and female adults, and seniors. The highest dietary intakes of As (223.6 microg/day), Cd (15.7 microg/day), Hg (21.2 microg/day), and Pb (28.4 microg/day) corresponded to male adults. For all analyzed elements, fish and shellfish was the group showing the highest contribution to the respective intakes. In comparison with previous results, a general decrease in As, Cd, Hg, and Pb intake has occurred. The dietary intake of these elements was also compared with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). Dietary intakes of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb by the population of Catalonia are currently well below the respective PTWIs. 相似文献
20.
Nigel J.H. Smith 《Biological conservation》1981,19(3):177-187
Amazonia, the world's largest tropical rain forest, is often assumed to be a virtually untouched wilderness. The region is often referred to as a demographic void; there is on average only about one person per sq. km. Yet in response to international market forces, the hand of man has penetrated deep into the imposing forests. Since colonial times, wildlife, particularly along rivers, has been exploited on a large-scale basis for commercial purposes. This paper focuses on the effects of the trade on some aquatic animals. 相似文献