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《饲料工业》2016,(24)
所谓粗饲料主要是指天然水分含量没有达到60%,粗纤维含量却不低于18%,基本上都是以风干物的形式进行喂养的饲料,比较常见的粗饲料有玉米秸秆、黑麦草、牛鞭草等。粗饲料是反刍动物不可缺少的日常吃食,因为它能够为反刍动物提供非常丰富的营养物质,由此保证反刍动物的健康成长。每种粗饲料的营养成分不同,其各自的饲用价值自然也有一定的差异。作为饲养人员来说,要充分地了解每种粗饲料的营养成分及其饲用价值有着非常重要的意义。本文主要介绍了牛鞭草、黑麦草、玉米秸秆、稻草、甘薯蔓等5种粗饲料的12种营养成分,每种营养成分都选用了比较先进的检测方法,因此结果真实可靠,并在此基础上又对这5种粗饲料的饲用价值进行了分析,仅供有关人士参考借鉴。 相似文献
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《饲料研究》2017,(21)
试验通过常规饲料分析方法测定芦苇、构树和盐肤木的营养成分含量,并对其饲用价值进行评定。结果发现:1)芦苇的粗蛋白质(CP)、粗纤维(CF)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量显著高于其他2种粗饲料(P0.05);构树的粗灰分(Ash)含量最高,显著高于其他2种粗饲料(P0.05);盐肤木的粗脂肪(EE)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和总能(GE)含量显著高于其他2种粗饲料(P0.05)。2)芦苇的干物质采食量(DMI)、相对饲用价值(RFV)和有机物质消化率(OMD)显著低于其他2种粗饲料(P0.05);构树的DMI和RFV显著高于其他2种粗饲料(P0.05),而对于可消化干物质(DDM),构树与芦苇之间无显著差异(P0.05),并均显著高于盐肤木(P0.05);盐肤木的OMD显著高于其他2种粗饲料(P0.05)。研究为芦苇、构树以及盐肤木在动物营养中的应用提供参考依据。 相似文献
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1粗饲料干物质中粗纤维含量大于或等于18%的饲料统称粗饲料。粗饲料主要包括干草、秸秆、青绿饲料、青贮饲料4种。干草为水分含量小于15%的野生或人工栽培的禾本科或豆科牧草,如野干草(秋白草)、羊草、黑麦草、苜蓿等。秸秆为农作物收获后的秸、藤、蔓、秧、荚、壳等,如玉米秸、稻草、谷草、花生藤、甘薯蔓、马铃薯秧、豆荚、豆秸等。青绿饲料水分含量大于或等于45%的野生或人工栽培的禾本科或豆科 相似文献
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为揭示豆腐渣对反刍动物的饲用价值,本试验采用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系（CNCPS）和体外产气法对豆腐渣营养价值进行评定。测定豆腐渣的CNCPS营养成分与体外发酵参数,应用CNCPS公式计算碳水化合物（CHO）和粗蛋白质（CP）中各组分含量。结果显示,豆腐渣的CP含量为14%~25%,粗脂肪（EE）含量为1.9%~2.9%,代谢能（ME）为10~12 MJ/kg DM;易在瘤胃中降解的蛋白质（PA＋PB1）和在瘤胃中缓慢降解的粗蛋白质（PB2＋PB3）的含量相当,不可降解真蛋白质（PC）含量较少;潜在可利用碳水化合物（CA＋CB1＋CB2）较高;体外发酵产气量均达到70 mL,氨态氮（NH3-N）浓度在8~23 mg/dL,总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）在46~70 mmol/L。而不同来源的豆腐渣营养成分和发酵情况存在显著差异,且CNCPS碳水化合物、蛋白质组分的优劣不同。凌源豆腐渣的最大产气量（B）最高,极显著高于其他3种苹果渣（P＜0.01）,而各豆腐渣的产气速度（C）无显著差异（P＞0.05）。辽源豆腐渣氨态氮（NH3-N）含量最高,极显著高于其他饲料（P＜0.01）。不同地方豆腐渣瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸比例差异极显著（P＜0.01）。不同来源的豆腐渣的总可消化养分（TDN）及其他能值差异较大,以新民豆腐渣的能值最低,极显著低于其他苹果渣（P＜0.01）。综上可知,作为反刍动物非粮饲料,豆腐渣为反刍动物提供的可利用能值高,利于瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成。 相似文献
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分级指数与相对值在奶牛用粗饲料品质评定上的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
本文在测定江西奶牛养殖常用的6种粗饲料（串叶松香草、桂牧1号杂交象草、矮象草、黑麦草、墨西哥玉米与鸭茅）的常规成分基础上,实测了奶牛对这6种粗饲料的干物质随意采食量（DMI）,并采用相关模型计算出这6种粗饲料的分级指数（GI）与相对值（RFV）。分别应用单项指标粗蛋白（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、干物质随意采食量（DMI）以及综合指标RFV、GI对试验用6种粗饲料品质的分级进行了比较。研究表明：单一指标都难以正确地评定粗饲料品质,必须使用综合的整体指标。GI是首个将粗饲料的可利用能、CP、NDF与家畜的DMI综合起来考虑的一个粗饲料综合评定指数,对粗饲料的分级比RFV更精确。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2017,(1)
试验旨在研究不同来源的粗饲料对育肥牛牛肉氨基酸及脂肪酸组成的影响,为苎麻这种优质饲料资源在反刍动物中的应用提供依据。选择500 kg左右的西门塔尔肉牛9头,随机分为3个处理,每个处理3头牛,每个重复1头牛,粗饲料分别饲喂酒糟,稻草秸秆、青贮高粱、青贮苎麻+玉米秸秆。试验结果表明:1在牛肉的氨基酸组成方面,3个处理组差异不显著(P0.05);在氨基酸分类组成中,青贮苎麻与玉米秸秆组甜味氨基酸的含量高于青贮高粱组7.57%(P0.05),但和酒糟、稻草秸秆组的差异不显著(P0.05);在鲜味氨基酸、酸味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸的含量方面,青贮苎麻与玉米秸秆组均高于酒糟、稻草秸秆组和青贮高粱组,但差异不显著(P0.05);23个处理组饱和脂肪酸的含量差异不显著(P0.05);多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量方面,青贮苎麻+玉米秸秆组较青贮高粱组提高了8.06%,差异显著(P0.05),但低于酒糟+稻草秸秆组(P0.05);青贮苎麻+玉米秸秆组较酒糟+稻草秸秆组n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著提高(P0.05),但低于青贮高粱组(P0.05);n-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量方面,青贮苎麻+玉米秸秆组较青贮高粱组显著提高了11.74%(P0.05),但低于酒糟+稻草秸秆组(P0.05)。综上所知,在饲喂肉牛的日粮中添加苎麻,并不影响肉牛的品质和营养价值,并对牛肉中的风味氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成有一定程度的改善和提高,可在反刍动物饲粮中推广使用。 相似文献
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试验旨在探究1种奶牛新型饲料水培大麦苗在不同水培天数下的营养价值及合适的收获时间。采用集装箱进行大麦苗水培种植,并在水培后的第5、6、7、8、9 d取样进行株高、草重和营养成分的测定。采用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白体系(CNCPS)对蛋白质和碳水化合物组分进行解析,采用NRC模型估测真可消化养分和能值。结果显示:随着水培天数的延长,大麦苗株高和草重显著增加(P<0.05);粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分、中性洗涤不溶蛋白质、酸性洗涤不溶蛋白质、可溶性蛋白质、非蛋白氮、钙、镁、钾、蛋氨酸和赖氨酸含量显著增加(P<0.05);中速降解真蛋白质(PB2)含量显著降低(P<0.05),其他蛋白组分含量显著增加(P<0.05);碳水化合物(CHO)、糖类(CA)、非结构性碳水化合物(CNSC)含量显著下降(P<0.05),可利用纤维(CB2)含量显著增加(P<0.05)。NRC预测模型显示,随着水培天数的延长,真可消化蛋白(tdCP)、真可消化中性洗涤纤维(tdNDF)和真可消化脂肪酸(tdFA)含... 相似文献
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研究选取50头西门塔尔杂交公牛,随机分为2组,每组25头,分别饲喂以玉米秸秆和稻草为主要粗饲料的饲粮,测定牛粪中微生物种群和数量以及氮磷的含量。牛粪中细菌、放线菌和真菌的分离和数量测定采用稀释平板法,氮磷测定采用有机肥料的测定方法。结果表明:以玉米秸秆作为粗饲料饲喂肉牛组,粪便中的微生物总量、细菌总量和放线菌总量都显著高于稻草组(P<0.05),真菌数量玉米秸秆组高于稻草组(P>0.05),粗饲料来源虽然影响了牛粪中微生物的数量,但牛粪中微生物的种群结构没有改变;玉米秸秆组的牛粪中全氮、全磷和速效氮、速效磷的含量显著低于稻草组(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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《中国草地学报》2017,(5)
为了探索鲁东南地区紫花苜蓿品质随年龄及茬次的变化趋势,测定了五茬处理下不同年龄(2、3、4、5龄)苜蓿叶和茎的粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量,进而分析了苜蓿叶和茎的可消化总养分(TDN)、净能(NE)、饲草干物质采食量(DMI)、可消化的干物质量(DDM)、相对饲料价值(RFV)等营养价值指数随年龄及茬次的变化规律。结果表明:3龄苜蓿叶和茎品质优于其他年龄,苜蓿叶和茎的CP含量较高,NDF、ADF含量较低,TDN、NE、DDM、DMI、RFV均较高;5龄苜蓿叶和茎品质较差,苜蓿的叶和茎CP含量较低,NDF、ADF含量较高,TDN、NE、DDM、DMI、RFV均较低;苜蓿叶和茎的CP含量随茬次呈先增加后降低的趋势,在第3茬时较高(除3龄苜蓿茎的CP含量);苜蓿叶的NDF、ADF含量随茬次呈先降低后增加的趋势;苜蓿茎的NDF、ADF含量随茬次呈先增加后降低的趋势;苜蓿叶的TDN、NE、DDM、DMI、RFV随茬次呈先增加后降低的趋势;苜蓿茎的TDN、NE、DDM、DMI、RFV随茬次呈先降低后增加的趋势(除5龄的DMI)。因此,鲁东南地区苜蓿年龄超过4龄时,苜蓿营养品质开始下降,需要进行轮作、翻耕等措施以保证经济效益的产出。 相似文献
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奶牛常用粗饲料的瘤胃降解规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在研究 ２种苜蓿［黑龙江公农 １号苜蓿、美国安德森（Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ）一级苜蓿］、黑龙江 ２种含杂量不同羊草（杂草率分别为 １０％、３４％）、全株玉米青贮、玉米秸秆青贮和玉米秸秆共 ７种粗饲料的瘤胃降解特性。试验选用 ８头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法评定其干物质（ＤＭ）、粗蛋白质（ＣＰ）和中性洗涤纤维（ＮＤＦ）的瘤胃降解率和有效降解率。结果表明,美国安德森一级苜蓿、全株玉米青贮和黑龙江公农 １号苜蓿三者 ７２ｈＤＭ 降解率差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）,并显著高于其他 ４种粗饲料（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而 ＤＭ有效降解率以美国安德森一级苜蓿最高,并与依次降低的黑龙江公农 １号苜蓿、全株玉米青贮和玉米秸秆青贮差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）,羊草与玉米秸秆的 ＤＭ有效降解率显著低于其他粗饲料（Ｐ＜０．０５）。７２ｈＣＰ降解率及有效降解率以美国安德森一级苜蓿最高,且降解率与依次降低的黑龙江公农 １号苜蓿、全株玉米青贮、玉米秸秆青贮、杂草率为 １０％的羊草、玉米秸秆和杂草率为 ３４％的羊草间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。全株玉米青贮、玉米秸秆青贮 ７２ｈＮＤＦ降解率显著高于其他粗饲料（Ｐ＜０．０５）;而有效降解率以 ２种苜蓿较高,其次为玉米秸秆青贮与全株玉米青贮;降解率和有效降解率最低的均为杂草率为 ３４％的羊草。因此,从 ７种粗饲料在奶牛瘤胃的消化特性来看：１）美国安德森一级苜蓿营养价值最高,杂草率为 ３４％的羊草与玉米秸秆营养价值较低;２）羊草的品质受杂草率的影响;３）青贮能改善玉米秸秆的品质。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究稻草或玉米秸秆替代苜蓿对奶牛氮代谢、血清生理生化指标及肝脏和肾脏组织形态变化的影响。选择45头泌乳中期的经产健康荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成3组,每组15头牛。各组饲喂含不同粗饲料的饲粮,分别为苜蓿组(23%苜蓿干草+7%羊草,AH组)、玉米秸秆组(30%玉米秸秆,CS组)和稻草组(30%稻草,RS组),饲粮精粗比均为55∶45。试验期12周。结果表明:CS组和RS组奶牛的粪氮排泄量显著高于AH组(P0.05),RS组奶牛的尿氮排泄量显著高于AH组和CS组(P0.05)。RS组奶牛的血清尿素氮和肌酸酐含量显著高于AH组(P0.05)。RS组奶牛的血清总胆固醇含量显著高于AH组和CS组(P0.05)。CS组奶牛的血清谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于AH组(P0.05),而血清谷草转氨酶活性显著高于AH组和RS组(P0.05)。各组奶牛的肝脏、肾脏组织切片结构清晰,未见明显异常。由此可见,饲喂玉米秸秆或稻草粗饲料的奶牛粪氮、尿氮排泄量的增加导致奶牛氮的利用效率降低。各组奶牛肝脏和肾脏的组织形态无显著变化,但饲喂玉米秸秆或稻草饲粮可导致奶牛血清中反映肝脏、肾脏健康功能的指标升高。 相似文献
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化学处理对秸秆秕壳的瘤胃有机物降解率的影响 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
用3头带瘤胃瘘管的杂交肉丰测定谷草、稻草、玉米秸、糜黍秸、莜麦秸、麦秸、荞麦秸、麦壳、白薯蔓、苜蓿秸、花生壳、豆荚的未经处理、尿素氯化处理、(尿素+石灰)复合化学处理的有机物瘤胃动态降解率(％)分别为51.03、52.28、55.64;34.34、42.74、48.32;39.62、48.93、49.54;44.86、50.16、55.03;33.89、44.00、48.45;31.70、44.63、46.09;47.19、58.13、59.84;34.75、41.91、42.98;56 01、56.97、55.52;32.66、32.88、34.41;14.85、16.17、16.48;40.79、41.48、45.34。除谷草、白薯蔓、苜蓿秸、豆荚外,经氨化及复合化学处理后均能显著提高有机物的瘤胃动态降解率(P<0.05),且处理后稻草、玉米秸、麦秸的不同结构碳水化合物也发生明显变化,瘤胃动态降解率与不同结构碳水化合物含量有高度相关(R=0.82)。 相似文献
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Ping Li Shuren Ji Qian Wang Mengzhen Qin Chen Hou Yixin Shen 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(4):625-632
Rice straw and sweet potato vines are the main by‐products of agricultural crops, and their disposal creates problems for the environment in the south of China. In order to establish an easy method for making rice straw silage successfully, experiments were conduct to evaluate fermentation quality and nutritive value of rice straw silages ensiled with or without sweet potato vine. Paddy rice straw (PR) and upland rice straw (UP) were ensiled alone or with sweet potato vines (SP) by a ratio of 1:1 (fresh matter basis), over 3 years. Compared with rice straw silages ensiled alone, the mixed‐material silages (PR + SP, UR + SP) showed higher fermentation quality with lower propionic acid content and NH3‐N ratio of total N, and higher (P < 0.05) concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid, resulting in decrease (P < 0.05) of dry matter loss and higher (P < 0.05) in vitro ruminal dry matter digestion. When the fermentation quality, chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics were considered, ensiling would be an effective way of utilization of rice straw and sweet potato vines in the regions where rice and sweet potato are harvested at same season, and the sweet potato vines have the potential to improve rice straw fermentation quality with low water soluble carbohydrate content in south of China. 相似文献
16.
[Objective] The paper was to study the degradation characteristics of different types of roughage in Khorchin beef cattle. [Method] The nylon bag method was used to determine the rumen degradability of six types of roughage: dry matter(DM), crude protein(CP), neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF). [Result] Among the six types of roughage, alfalfa hay had the highest effective degradability of DM and CP in rumen; followed by alfalfa block, corn silage, leymus chinensis and corn stover, and the effective degradability of rice straw was lowest. In terms of effective degradability of NDF and ADF, alfalfa hay was the most effective, while leymus chinensis was the least effective. [Conclusion]Considering degradation characteristics of six types of roughage in Khorchin beef cattle, alfalfa hay possesses the highest nutritional value, while rice straw has the lowest value. 相似文献
17.
试验旨在综合评价从山东省17个市采集的羊常用粗饲料原料的营养价值。试验测定了109个样本10种常用原料的常规营养成分及总能(GE),应用两级离体消化法测定干物质消化率(IVDMD),以计算消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME),并根据预测干物质随意采食量(DMI),进而计算出分级指数(GI)。结果表明,不同粗饲料间的常规养分的差异不能准确地评价饲料营养价值;以NDF、ADF所得GI综合评价粗饲料中营养价值得到苜蓿>冬牧70>地瓜秧>羊草>花生秧>青贮玉米秸>玉米秸>水稻秸>豆秸>麦秸;IVDMD与NDF、ADF均呈显著负相关,而与CP呈显著正相关;DE与NDF、ADF相关性较强,且均呈负相关。 相似文献
18.
The study aimed to assess the nutritive value of 10 feeds (grains and forages) commonly used in horse nutrition in Mexico, on the basis of their chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and in vitro gas production measurements with or without the supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) at 4 mg/g DM. Fecal inoculum was obtained from 4 adult English Thoroughbred horses fed on restricted amount of concentrate and oat hay ad libitum. Substrates tested were: 6 concentrates (corn gluten meal, soybean meal, steam-rolled corn, steam-rolled barley, oat grain, and wheat bran) and 4 roughages (soybean hulls, corn stover, alfalfa hay, and oat hay). Gas production (GP) was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 24, 48, and 70 hours using the pressure transducer technique. Some ingredient × yeast interactions were observed (P ≤ .020) for the asymptotic GP and GP at 48 and 70 hours of incubation. Yeast addition increased (P < .001) the asymptotic GP of concentrates compared to roughages. Concentrate feeds had higher (P < .05) GP and lower (P < .001) rate of GP compared to roughages without yeast. From 24 to 70 hours of incubation, forages with or without yeast had lower (P < .05) GP compared to concentrates supplemented with SC. Forages had higher fermentation pH compared to concentrates but lower (P < .05) metabolizable energy, IVOMD, and microbial protein production compared to concentrates. Supplementation with SC increased (P < .05) the asymptotic GP of oat grain, soybean meal, soybean meal, steam-rolled barley, steam-rolled corn, wheat bran, corn stover, and oat hay, without affecting the rate of GP or lag time of oat grain, soybean meal, wheat bran, corn stover, and oat hay. Moreover, supplementation with SC increased (P < .05) metabolizable energy, IVOMD, and microbial protein production of steam-rolled barley, wheat bran, and corn stover, without affecting (P > .05) the fermentation of other feeds. Supplementation with SC improved fermentation of feeds with higher effects on concentrates compared to roughages. It was concluded that although SC mainly improves concentrate utilization by horses, it also improves fiber digestion when used on high-roughage diets fed to horses. 相似文献
19.
Amino acid profiles of rumen undegradable protein: a comparison between forages including cereal straws and alfalfa and their respective total mixed rations 
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下载免费PDF全文 B. Wang L. S. Jiang J. X. Liu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(3):601-610
Optimizing the amino acid (AA) profile of rumen undegradable protein (RUP) can positively affect the amount of milk protein. This study was conducted to improve knowledge regarding the AA profile of rumen undegradable protein from corn stover, rice straw and alfalfa hay as well as the total mixed ratio diets (TMR) based on one of them as forage source [forage‐to‐concentrate ratio of 45:55 (30% of corn stover (CS), 30% of rice straw (RS), 23% of alfalfa hay (AH) and dry matter basis)]. The other ingredients in the three TMR diets were similar. The RUP of all the forages and diets was estimated by incubation for 16 hr in the rumen of three ruminally cannulated lactating cows. All residues were corrected for microbial colonization, which was necessary in determining the AA composition of RUP from feed samples using in situ method. Compared with their original AA composition, the AA pattern of forages and forage‐based diets changed drastically after rumen exposure. In addition, the extent of ruminal degradation of analysed AA was not constant among the forages. The greatest individual AA degradability of alfalfa hay and corn stover was Pro, but was His of rice straw. A remarkable difference was observed between microbial attachment corrected and uncorrected AA profiles of RUP, except for alfalfa hay and His in the three forages and TMR diets. The ruminal AA degradability of cereal straws was altered compared with alfalfa hay but not for the TMR diets. In summary, the AA composition of forages and TMR‐based diets changed significantly after ruminal exposure, indicating that the original AA profiles of the feed cannot represent its AA composition of RUP. The AA profile of RUP and ruminal AA degradability for corn stover and rice straw contributed to missing information in the field. 相似文献
20.
Performance of lactating dairy cows fed a diet based on treated rice straw and supplemented with pelleted sweet potato vines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sweet potato vine pellet (SWEPP) in concentrate diets on nutrient digestibility and rumen ecology in lactating dairy cows fed on urea-treated rice straw. Three multiparous Holstein crossbred cows in mid-lactation were randomly assigned according to a 3?×?3 Latin square design, and the treatments were as follows: T1 = control (no supplementation), T2 = supplementation of sweet potato vine pellet with 50 g/kg urea (SWEPP I) at 300 g/head/day, and T3 = supplementation of sweet potato pellet with 100 g/kg urea (SWEPP II) at 300 g/head/day, in concentrate diets, respectively. The result revealed that supplementation of SWEPP did not affect feed intake, ruminal pH, and blood urea nitrogen (P?>?0.05). However, apparent digestibilities of organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber were higher in SWEPP II than those in others. Furthermore, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and milk yield were significantly higher (P?<?0.05) in animals fed with SWEPP II than those fed with SWEPP I and control, respectively. In addition, there were no differences in purine derivatives and microbial nitrogen supply among all the treatments. Based on this study, it could be concluded that SWEPP is a good source of supplement which resulted in significant improvement in apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation, and milk yield in lactating dairy cows fed on urea-treated rice straw. 相似文献