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1.
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 6-year-old female African pygmy hedgehog was evaluated because of a mass of unknown duration on the lateral aspect of the right shoulder region. CLINICAL FINDINGS: A fine-needle aspirate of the mass was collected for cytologic examination; findings were consistent with a spindle cell tumor. A CBC, plasma biochemical analyses, and whole-body radiography revealed no other abnormalities. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: An initial surgery performed in an attempt to remove the mass with preservation of the limb failed in that tumor-free surgical margins were not obtained. Histologically, the mass was identified as a peripheral nerve sheath tumor (neurofibrosarcoma). A second surgery to amputate the forelimb was successful. After 1 year, there had been no further development of peripheral nerve sheath tumor at this or other sites. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In African pygmy hedgehogs, potential differential diagnoses for a subcutaneous mass should include peripheral nerve sheath tumor. If necessary, forelimb amputation can be performed successfully in this species with procedures modified from those used in dogs. Information gathered during the treatment and recovery of the hedgehog of this report may assist practicing veterinarians in counseling owners of hedgehogs that are undergoing forelimb amputation with regard to the course of recovery that may be expected following this procedure.  相似文献   

2.
A one‐year‐old African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) was evaluated for severe respiratory distress. Physical examination findings included marked dyspnoea, cyanosis and tachypnoea. Radiographic findings included an enlarged heart and pulmonary oedema, and dilated cardiomyopathy was confirmed via echocardiogram. The patient was treated for congestive heart failure because of dilated cardiomyopathy with furosemide, enalapril, pimobendan and l‐carnitine. Within 24 hours of treatment, the pulmonary oedema and cyanosis had resolved. Following discharge, clinical improvement was noted by the owner and echocardiogram confirmed improved fractional shortening. Cardiomyopathy has been reported at post‐mortem examination in hedgehogs, but there are no reports of ante‐mortem diagnosis and treatment. Performing baseline cardiac assessment in hedgehogs is recommended, and treatment with l‐carnitine and pimobendan may improve outcome, as carnitine deficiency is a possible cause of cardiomyopathy in hedgehogs. Successful emergency treatment of congestive heart failure in the hedgehog of this report may be effective for other hedgehogs presented with similar clinical signs .  相似文献   

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5.
The author examines the therapeutics for African pygmy hedgehogs and prairie dogs. The African or Asian hedgehog differs from the larger European hedgehog. Pronounced differences in size, seasonal behavior, and natural diet exist. Since the prairie dog's increase in popularity in the pet trade, numerous interrelated syndromes have been reported, including respiratory disease, obesity, cardiac disease, and oral neoplasia. This article describes the routes of administration and the common disease syndromes and appropriate therapeutics for each.  相似文献   

6.
Neoplasia is a common finding in African pygmy hedgehogs. Both skeletal and extraskeletal osteosarcomas have been previously reported in this species, but the only reported case of appendicular osteosarcoma was diagnosed postmortem. A 3-year-old intact female African pygmy hedgehog presented with a 10-day history of left foreleg swelling and lameness. Radiographs performed by the referring veterinarian confirmed the presence of a lytic lesion affecting the distal radius. A whole-body computed tomography scan was performed and confirmed a marked osteolytic lesion affecting the distal radius, which was consistent with bone neoplasia, however osteomyelitis could not be excluded. There was no evidence of thoracic or abdominal metastasis. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of the lesion yielded a nondiagnostic sample. The affected forelimb was amputated and along with the axillary lymph node, was submitted for histological analysis which confirmed a well differentiated osteosarcoma within the distal radius. The patient made a full recovery with no complications and remained disease free at the time of writing, 12 months after presentation. Osteosarcoma is rarely diagnosed antemortem in African pygmy hedgehogs. This case describes the management, diagnostic techniques, and successful treatment of an osteosarcoma affecting the distal radius by forelimb amputation.  相似文献   

7.
Background: African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) are popular companion animals that require chemical immobilization to facilitate examination. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of isoflurane anesthetic duration on recovery time, food intake, and body weight following anesthesia in African pygmy hedgehogs. Methods: Eight healthy, adult hedgehogs (4 male, 4 female) were used in this randomized, blinded, complete cross-over study. Two different isoflurane anesthetic durations of 15 minutes (ISO15) and 45 minutes (ISO45) were evaluated with a 2-week wash-out period between treatments. Physiologic parameters, reflexes, and behaviors were monitored to assess anesthesia quality. Food intake (grams of food per kg of body weight) and body weight were measured both before and after anesthesia to assess postsedation effects. Result: There was no statistically significant difference in body weight between or within treatments following the anesthetic events. A decrease in postanesthetic food intake from baseline values was noted with both treatments (ISO15: −16% [−40% to 167%]); (ISO45: −13% [−38% to 43%]), but these fluctuations were not statistically significant between or within treatments. The total amount of food consumed per hedgehog over the 6 days following anesthesia was 99 ± 23 g/kg (ISO15) and 108 ± 28 g/kg (ISO45, P = 0.15). Conclusions and clinical relevance: Differences in duration of isoflurane anesthesia of either 15 or 45 minutes does not have a clinically relevant effect on recovery time or postanesthetic food intake in hedgehogs.  相似文献   

8.
Reports of spontaneously occurring endometrial polyps in animals are rare and have only involved a few species. This report is intended to advise veterinarians that older African pygmy hedgehogs may develop endometrial polyps and that these lesions can be a cause of bloody vaginal discharge, sometimes interpreted as hematuria.  相似文献   

9.
A 2.5-year-old male African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) was presented with a 2-week history of lethargy, reduced appetite, and general weakness. Based on the clinical signs and heart valve abnormalities observed during an echocardiography examination, a provisional diagnosis of endocardiosis or endocarditis was made. Immediate therapeutic intervention consisted of furosemide, pimobendan, and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Despite medical treatment, 2 weeks following presentation, the hedgehog’s physical condition deteriorated to the point that euthanasia was recommended for the patient and agreed to by its owner. A postmortem examination was performed and tissue samples submitted for histopathology revealed a final diagnosis of valvular endocardiosis and wobbly hedgehog syndrome.  相似文献   

10.
A retrospective study involving eight African pygmy hedgehogs histopathologically diagnosed with granulosa cell tumors was conducted. The age at onset was 2.2–4.5 years, with a median age of 3.6 years. The most common clinical signs were hematuria and abdominal distension, which were observed in >50% cases. Exploratory laparotomy was performed in all cases, and ovariohysterectomy or excision of the abdominal mass was performed. Patients with only hematuria survived for >250 days after surgery, whereas those with initial ascites showed recurrence of ascites or tumor growth and survived for approximately 130 days after surgery. Intraperitoneal injection of carboplatin was performed in three recurrent cases. In one of these three cases, the tumor mass disappeared. Hence, carboplatin can be considered a potential antineoplastic drug for the treatment of granulosa cell tumors.  相似文献   

11.
An African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) was diagnosed with osteosarcoma of vertebral origin with compression of the spinal cord and spinal nerves. The only presenting sign was a self-mutilation of rear feet. Additional diagnoses included a well-differentiated splenic hemangiosarcoma, an undifferentiated sarcoma of the ascending colon, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract: A male African pygmy hedgehog ( Atelerix albiventris ), estimated to be 3 years old, presented with exophthalmos and fixed abduction of the right eye. Radiographic examination revealed a retrobulbar tumor in the right orbital cavity. The mass was surgically resected but recurred 3 months later and the hedgehog died. There was no gross or microscopic evidence of salivary or lacrimal gland involvement of the tumor at surgery or at necropsy. The histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings were those of acinic cell carcinoma, the origin of which was unknown. This is the first known case of acinic cell carcinoma in an African hedgehog.  相似文献   

13.
ObjectiveTo evaluate a supraglottic airway device (SGAD) designed for rabbits in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) during inhalation anesthesia.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded experimental study.AnimalsA total of 12 adult African pygmy hedgehogs (seven male, five female).MethodsHedgehogs were placed in a chamber and anesthesia was induced using isoflurane in oxygen. Oropharyngeal endoscopy was performed and video recorded. The SGAD (v-gel R1) was inserted and connected to a Mapleson D circuit. Capnography, pulse oximetry and physiologic variables were measured during anesthesia, and lung inflation was tested at 10 and 20 cmH2O. With the SGAD temporarily disconnected, anesthetized hedgehogs were randomly positioned into right and left lateral, dorsal and sternal recumbency to evaluate the effect of a change in body position on SGAD placement. Oropharyngeal endoscopy was repeated at the end of anesthesia, and recovery time was recorded. Pre- and post-SGAD placement endoscopy videos were retrospectively reviewed and scored for gross trauma.ResultsThe median [interquartile range (IQR)] time to successful SGAD placement was 38 (16–68) seconds. The time to SGAD placement decreased as the study progressed. SGAD required repositioning in six hedgehogs, median 2.5 (IQR, 1–3.5) adjustments each, to successfully perform lung inflation or maintain capnography readings. Lung inflation at 10 cmH2O was successfully performed without leakage in nine animals, and in the other three animals after adjusting the SGAD at 1–2 time points. Inflation at 20 cmH2O was rarely achieved without an air leak. Changes in heart and respiratory rates during anesthesia were not clinically relevant. Median endoscopic scores were 0 (no lesions) for both pre-and postplacement.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe SGAD was relatively quickly and easily placed, permitted lung inflation and caused no significant oropharyngeal damage. The SGAD is a practical option for airway management in African pygmy hedgehogs.  相似文献   

14.
A 3-year-old, female African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) was referred with a history of hematuria. Hyperglycemia and glucosuria were found at presentation. Mammary adenocarcinoma and a granulosa cell tumor were found and removed surgically. Glucosuria and hematuria resolved, and the hedgehog has done well for 10 mo postoperatively.  相似文献   

15.
African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) are popular zoological companion animals that routinely require chemical immobilization for veterinary care. The objective of this randomized, blinded, cross-over study was to evaluate the efficacy of low and high dosages of subcutaneous (SC) tiletamine-zolazepam for sedation and the efficacy of flumazenil for recovery in African pygmy hedgehogs. Twelve adult hedgehogs (7 males, 5 females) were administered tiletamine-zolazepam at 10 mg/kg (T10) or 30 mg/kg (T30) SC. Physiologic variables, reflexes and behaviors were monitored to evaluate quality of immobilization. Forty-five minutes after tiletamine-zolazepam injection, hedgehogs were administered flumazenil or an equivalent volume of saline SC. Baseline daily food intake was measured and then recorded daily for 6 days following sedation trials. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to onset of first effects for T10 and T30 was 2.9 minutes (2.5–5.3 minutes) and 2 minutes (1.4–2.9 minutes), respectively. Eighty-three percent of T10 and 100% of T30 hedgehogs lost righting reflex. The median (IQR) duration righting reflex was lost for T10 was 32.5 minutes (23.8–37.5 minutes) and it was lost for 47.5 minutes (36.25–63.75 minutes) for T30. Jaw tone was reduced in the majority of animals for both dosages but never lost. Heart and respiratory rate for both treatments remained within normal limits. Hedgehogs became rapidly hypothermic after induction. Flumazenil administration did not have a statistically significant effect on recovery time, but mean recovery times were 18 minutes faster for T10 hedgehogs administered flumazenil. There were no statistically significant differences in food intake within or between dosages of tiletamine-zolazepam at any time point for hedgehogs administered saline or flumazenil; however, mean food intake over the 6 days following T10 administration was 16 g/kg more for hedgehogs administered flumazenil. SC tiletamine-zolazepam at 10 and 30 mg/kg produces dose-dependent heavy sedation to light anesthesia in hedgehogs. Subjectively, while both dosages provided a sufficient depth of immobilization to permit a physical examination and noninvasive procedures like blood collection or diagnostic imaging, some jaw tone was maintained precluding endotracheal intubation. T30 provided a deeper level of immobilization than T10 but longer recovery times. Flumazenil administration did not have a statistically significant effect on recovery but recovery times were noticeably faster following SC flumazenil in hedgehogs sedated with T10. For hedgehogs immobilized with T10, mean food intake was greater when flumazenil was administered. Tiletamine-zolazepam provides an injectable option for immobilization of hedgehogs.  相似文献   

16.
From 1994 to 1999, 16 captive African hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris), from among 42 necropsy cases, were diagnosed with cardiomyopathy. The incidence of cardiomyopathy in this study population was 38%. Fourteen of 16 hedgehogs with cardiomyopathy were males and all hedgehogs were adult (>1 year old). Nine hedgehogs exhibited 1 or more of the following clinical signs before death: heart murmur, lethargy, icterus, moist rales, anorexia, dyspnea, dehydration, and weight loss. The remaining 7 hedgehogs died without premonitory clinical signs. Gross findings were cardiomegaly (6 cases), hepatomegaly (5 cases), pulmonary edema (5 cases), pulmonary congestion (4 cases), hydrothorax (3 cases), pulmonary infarct (1 case), renal infarcts (1 case), ascites (1 case), and 5 cases showed no changes. Histologic lesions were found mainly within the left ventricular myocardium and consisted primarily of myodegeneration, myonecrosis, atrophy, hypertrophy, and disarray of myofibers. All hedgehogs with cardiomyopathy had myocardial fibrosis, myocardial edema, or both. Other common histopathologic findings were acute and chronic passive congestion of the lungs, acute passive congestion of the liver, renal tubular necrosis, vascular thrombosis, splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis, and hepatic lipidosis. This is the first report of cardiomyopathy in African hedgehogs.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical, clinicopathologic, and postmortem abnormalities in New World camelids with pancreatic necrosis. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 10 llamas and 1 alpaca. PROCEDURES: Medical records of animals in which a diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis had been made on the basis of histologic examination of necropsy specimens or on the basis of clinical signs and results of clinicopathologic testing were reviewed. RESULTS: The initial owner complaint varied, and various other conditions were diagnosed. Clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities were vague. Amylase activity was higher in abdominal fluid than in serum in 5 of 7 animals, and lipase activity was higher in abdominal fluid than in serum in all 7. Four animals survived, and 7 died or were euthanatized. Only 1 of the animals that died had marked inflammation of the pancreatic parenchyma. All 7 had necrosis and saponification of fat in and surrounding the pancreas. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that pancreatic necrosis may develop in New World camelids, but clinical signs are vague, and the condition may easily be confused with other diseases. The only laboratory test that appeared to be helpful in the antemortem diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis was comparison of amylase and lipase activities in abdominal fluid and serum.  相似文献   

18.
A 28-month-old African hedgehog was referred to our hospital with progressive tetraparesis. On the first presentation, the hedgehog was suspected as having wobbly hedgehog syndrome (WHS) and the animal was treated with medication and rehabilitation. The animal died 22 days after onset. Pathological examination revealed that the animal was involved in astrocytoma between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord (C1). This report indicates that a primary central nervous system tumor should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses for hedgehogs presenting with progressive paresis, together with WHS.  相似文献   

19.
A 675-g, 1.4-year-old, female African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) was evaluated for progressive abdominal distension of 2 months duration. A large mass within the abdominal cavity was detected by radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography. The irregular, multilobulated mass, containing calcified, necrotic, and fatty areas was consistent with fused bilateral ovaries. Cytology of the mass suggested an ovarian adenoma or adenocarcinoma. The hedgehog died approximately 3 months after the initial presentation. Postmortem computed tomography and necropsy examination revealed a large bilaterally fused ovarian mass with peritoneal metastases. Histologically, the masses were composed of a variety of tissues from all 3 germ layers, including immature (embryonic) cells and neoplastic cells in the lymphatic system, which was consistent with malignant ovarian teratomas. This is the first report to describe malignant ovarian teratomas in a hedgehog.  相似文献   

20.
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 1-month-old female alpaca was examined because of progressive clinical signs consistent with an intracranial lesion. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Clinical signs included signs of depression, lethargy, tetraparesis, and neck weakness. Two large isointense intracranial masses could be seen on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. On T2-weighted images, the masses contained concentric rings of hypointense and hyperintense material. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: 2 abscesses were removed via a craniotomy that incorporated removal of the sagittal crest and surrounding skull and transection of the sagittal sinus. The bony deficit was replaced with polypropylene mesh. The alpaca recovered within 2 weeks and was fully integrated into the herd within 1 month after surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings indicated that surgical removal is a feasible means of successfully treating intracranial abscesses in juvenile alpacas.  相似文献   

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