共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
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植物生长延缓剂对花卉植物矮化效应的研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
植物生长延缓剂在花卉生产上具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了十多年来各种植物生长延缓剂在花卉生产上的应用及其机理研究的概况。植物生长延缓剂是矮化植物，培育壮苗，防止倒伏，培育微型盆花和矮型花坛植物的有效途径之一。 相似文献
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植物和访花昆虫是陆地生物群落的2个重要组成部分。在长期的进化过程中,开花植物与访花昆虫形成了多种形式的互作关系。在植物与访花昆虫的相互作用中,植物会演化出多样的花部特征来吸引访花昆虫,而访花昆虫对花部特征的响应及访花行为也有利于维持两者之间的相互关系。为了深入探究花部特征对访花昆虫种类及行为产生影响的现象和机制,文中综述了花部特征与访花昆虫相互作用方面的研究进展。植物的花部特征可以分为花部构成和开花式样2个层面,不同的花部特征对访花昆虫具有不同的吸引力。其中,花部构成从花的结构形态、花色、花气味、花粉和花蜜4个方面进行阐述,开花式样从开花数量、开花类型和排列方式3个方面进行阐述。在现有研究的基础上,对未来的研究方向进行了展望,以期为深入开展植物与访花昆虫的相关研究提供参考,并为生物多样性保护提供新的思路。 相似文献
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A review is given of how the production by plants of compounds useful as medicines or raw materials for manufacture of medicines is influenced by ultraviolet radiation, particularly by UV-B radiation (280–315 nm wavelength). The compounds considered in this review are flavonoids and other phenolics, alkaloids (especially indole terpenoid and purine alkaloids), essential oils and other terpenoids, cannabinoids, glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, and compounds having human hormone activity. A short account is also given of ultraviolet signalling in plants. The review concludes with a discussion of the possible evolutionary mechanisms that have led to the evolution of UV-B regulation of secondary metabolite accumulation. 相似文献
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Three new dimeric indole alkaloids (1-3), together with five known ones (4-8), were isolated from the whole plants of Catharanthus roseus. The structures and absolute configurations of new compounds were elucidated by means of NMR and CD analyses. All these compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. 相似文献
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《Fitoterapia》2013
Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks, Rubiaceae, is one of the original plants of the important Chinese crude drug, Gou-teng, mainly used for the treatment of convulsion, hypertension, epilepsy, eclampsia, and cerebral diseases. The pharmacological activities of this plant are related to the presence of active compounds predominantly indole alkaloids. In this article, we have reviewed some reports about the pharmacological activities of the main indole alkaloids isolated from U. rhynchophylla. This review paper will contribute to the studies on the chemistry, safety and quality control of medicinal preparations containing Uncaria species. 相似文献
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Nikolić D Gödecke T Chen SN White J Lankin DC Pauli GF van Breemen RB 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(3):441-460
Black cohosh preparations are popular dietary supplements among women seeking alternative treatments for menopausal complaints. For decades, triterpene glycosides and phenolic acids have dominated the phytochemical and biomedical research on this plant. In this study, we provide evidence that black cohosh contains an unexpected and highly diverse group of secondary nitrogenous metabolites previously unknown to exist in this plant. Using a dereplication approach that combines accurate mass measurements, database searches and general knowledge of biosynthetic pathways of natural products, we identified or tentatively identified 73 nitrogen-containing metabolites, many of which are new natural products. The identified compounds belong to several structural groups including alkaloids, amides or esters of hydroxycinnamic acids and betains. Among the alkaloids, several classes such as guanidino alkaloids, isoquinolines and β-carbolines were identified. Fragmentation patterns for major compound classes are discussed, which provides a framework for the discovery of these compounds from other sources. Identification of alkaloids as a well-known group of bioactive natural products represents an important advance in better understanding of the pharmacological profile of black cohosh. 相似文献
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红树林是生长在热带和亚热带潮间带河口地带的耐盐植物群落,分布在南纬30°与北纬30°之间,具有盐胁迫、高矿物组成、强还原性、频繁的潮汐等特征,也使植物对营养、空间的竞争异常激烈,特殊生境使红树林植物内生真菌多样性丰富,必然会造成不同于其他生态系统的良好生物活性、独特化学结构的活性功能分子。红树属是红树林植物中分布较广泛的一个属,包括8个种,分别是红海榄、红树、红茄苳、美洲红树、Rhizophora harrisonii、R.racemosa、树冬红树和萨摩红树。迄今为止,从红树属分离出内生真菌类群已达23目41科64属,其中对拟盘多毛孢属、青霉属和毛霉属的内生真菌代谢产物研究的最为广泛;从红树属内生真菌中分离鉴定出195种天然产物,包括生物碱类、萜类化合物、香豆素类、色酮类化合物、醌类化合物、杂氧蒽醌类化合物、肽类、酚酸类化合物、内酯类等化合物,从红树属植物中发现许多结构新颖的次生代谢产物,从中国南海红树林红茄苳内生拟盘多毛孢真菌中发现一系列罕见的具有亲脂性取代基的新色酮类化合物pestalotiopsones A-F (107—112),从拟盘多毛孢属JCM2A4中发现2个具有柔性结构的补身烷型倍半萜-环青霉醛酸的新骨架化合物pestalotiopens A和B (83, 84)。此外,许多化合物显示出良好的抗肿瘤、抗菌和抗氧化等生物活性,如化合物pestalpolyol 1(119)具有很强的抑制作用,对小鼠淋巴瘤L5178Y细胞的半抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50)值为4.10μmol·L-1。从内生真菌毛霉QEN-189中分离到的吲哚生物碱rhizovarins A,B和F(46, 47, 50)对肺癌细胞A549抑制作用强,IC50值分别为11.5、6.3和9.2μmol·L-1,对白血病细胞HL-60有强抑制作用,IC50值为9.6、5和7μmol·L-1。 相似文献
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Pavel Kosina Jana Gregorova Jiri Gruz Jan Vacek Milan Kolar Mathias Vogel Werner Roos Kathrin Naumann Vilim Simanek Jitka Ulrichova 《Fitoterapia》2010,81(8):1006-1012
Macleaya cordata (plume poppy) is a source of bioactive compounds, mainly isoquinoline alkaloids which are used in phytopreparations with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. In this study, the alkaloids sanguinarine, chelerythrine, their dihydro derivatives, protopine and allocryptopine and phenolics, gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, m-hydroxybenzoic, gentisic, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids were determined in extracts prepared from M. cordata aerial part, seeds, and seed capsules using HPLC with UV detection and/or LC/MS with electrospray ionization. The highest content of sanguinarine and chelerythrine was found in capsules. Protopine and allocryptopine were major alkaloids in leaves including footstalks. The seed oil contained dihydrosanguinarine, dihydrochelerythrine and twelve fatty acids of which linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids predominated. In addition, sanguinarine reductase, a key enzyme in sanguinarine/dihydrosanguinarine equilibrium in plants, was found for the first time, in the soluble proteins of leaves. Finally, extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity using the microdilution method on standard reference bacterial strains. 相似文献
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Generally, berberine, coptisine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine were considered as the main bio-active compounds in Rhizoma Coptis (RC). Little attention was paid to investigate the pharmacological activity of minor constituents in RC. The present study was designed to separate the minor compounds, and the cytotoxicity and antihyperglycemic effect of these compounds in HepG2 cells were also studied. Palmatine (1), berberine (2), coptisine (3), epiberberine (4), columbamine (5), and jatrorrhizine (6) from RC ethanol extract were isolated by high speed counter current chromatography (HSCCC) in one run. The remaining fraction (about 50% of extract in HSCCC) was further isolated by traditional column chromatography methods to yield magnoflorine (7), ferulic acid (8), and choline (9). Another four alkaloids, namely groenlandicine (10), berberrubine (11), oxyberberine (12), 8-oxo-coptisine (13), also were obtained from CHCl3 extracts. Especially, choline was first isolated from RC. Cell assay indicated that the minor fractions excluding compounds 1-6 showed obvious glucose lowering activity. In addition, the minor monomers also exhibited moderate glucose lowering activity. The combination of berberine and ferulic acid showed synergistic effect on antihyperglycemic. The combination of alkaloids 1-6 was same so. All compounds had different cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells within the test concentration. Of them, berberrubine showed the strongest cytotoxicity. The results suggested that combined action of variety constituents contributed to the antihyperglycemic effets and low cytotoxicity of RC extract in HepG2 cells. 相似文献
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This review gives an account of the current knowledge on the chemical constituents, biological activity and pharmacological properties of Securinega suffruticosa. A wide range of chemical compounds have been isolated, mainly alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and lipids. From the pharmacological point of view the most interesting group are the alkaloids, among which securinine, an indolizidine alkaloids containing a unique tricyclic structure. 相似文献