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我们在研究柞蚕寄生线虫时,共鉴定出索科线虫6种。这6种线虫除寄生于柞蚕外,还寄生于其他鳞翅目幼虫,并且寄生率相当高。索科线虫具有寿命长、生育期长、繁殖力强、侵染期长、寄生率高等特点。因此,考虑它能否在非柞蚕区作为一种寄生虫病,用来控制园林害虫。1975、1979和1982年,我们利用索科线虫中的秀丽复索线虫 相似文献
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保护利用寄生线虫防治农作物害虫,已经引起了国内外的重视。1976年我们在教学实习中发现大量稻飞虱被线虫寄生,寄生率高达93％。五年来我们对这种索线虫的形态征、生活习性、控制效能、环境因素对其影响和保护利用等方面进行了调查和研究,现特将结果报告如下。 相似文献
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为明确田间水稻白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera(Horváth)和褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(St?l)的主要寄生性天敌索线虫科线虫的寄生动态及防控效果,于2013—2015年在湖南省长沙市宁乡市通过田间调查和线虫罩笼法研究了索线虫科线虫对白背飞虱和褐飞虱的寄生动态以及优势种长沙多索线虫Agamermis changshaensis Bao,Luo et Luo对褐飞虱的防控效果。结果表明,在长沙市,索线虫科线虫寄生白背飞虱始见期为6月底至7月初,1个月后出现高峰期,基本与白背飞虱发生高峰期同步;对褐飞虱寄生高峰期早稻多发生在7月中下旬,而晚稻在8月底至9月中旬。索线虫科线虫对白背飞虱雌虫、高龄若虫和雄虫最高寄生率分别为16.95%、14.81%和7.69%;而对褐飞虱雌虫、高龄若虫和雄虫最高寄生率分别为43.33%、20.93%和11.63%。2014年和2015年罩笼盆栽试验结果表明,处理后45 d长沙多索线虫对褐飞虱的防控效果分别为36.11%和33.19%。研究结果表明长沙多索线虫可以作为水稻稻飞虱绿色防控的一种重要辅助性措施。 相似文献
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近年水稻主要线虫病害的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
目前,以拟禾谷根结线虫Meloidogyne graminicola、水稻干尖线虫Aphelenchoide besseyi、水稻潜根线虫Hirschmanniella oryzae、水稻茎线虫Ditylenchus angustus和旱稻孢囊线虫Heterodera elachista为主的水稻寄生线虫侵染水稻以及其它禾本科作物引致的线虫病害,已造成了严重的经济损失。近年来,对拟禾谷根结线虫的致病机制和寄主的防御机制等方面的研究已取得了显著进展,但对其它水稻寄生线虫与寄主互作机制的研究还存在较大空白。水稻寄生线虫的防治多依赖化学农药,抗性品种和生物防治等措施的实施存在一定的局限性。本文对上述5种主要水稻寄生线虫病的发生为害、致病机制以及防治方法等进行了综述,并对水稻寄生线虫致病机理的研究以及抗性品种、生物防治和诱导化合物的应用进行了探讨。 相似文献
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郑州市部分绿地草坪草存在植株矮小，长势衰弱，叶片枯黄等现象，推测其可能受植物线虫危害。为明确危害郑州市绿地草坪草的寄生线虫种类以及分布情况，2020—2021年，从郑州市12县/区辖区内的30个公园绿地随机采集136份草坪草疑似发病样品。采用浅盘法和漂浮法分离样品中的植物线虫，利用形态学和分子生物学鉴定相结合的方法，对分离到的植物线虫进行种类鉴定。结果表明，18个地区中的98份样品中检测到植物寄生线虫，检出率高达72.1%，覆盖调查地区的60.0%。同时，发现不同公园或绿地之间土壤中线虫数量差异悬殊，其中上街东虢湖公园线虫密度可达98.68条/100 m L土，而新郑龙湖城市湿地公园线虫密度仅为1.10条/100 mL土。种类鉴定结果显示，本次调查共检测到9种重要草坪草植物寄生线虫：小叶螺旋线虫（Helicotylenchus microlobus）、花生茎线虫（Ditylenchus arachis）、马铃薯腐烂茎线虫（D. destructor）、茎线虫属线虫（Ditylenchus sp.）、菲利普孢囊线虫（Heterodera filipjevi）、南方根结线虫（Meloido... 相似文献
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陕西省棉田主要线虫类群对棉花枯萎病发生影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
通过田间调查发现我省棉田的主要线虫类群有:植物外寄生线虫;小杆目线虫;具有吻针非植物寄生线虫等3种大类群。1985-1987年田间及温室盆栽试验,证明外寄生加洲螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchuscaliformicus)可加重棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxyspotium f.vasinfectum)对棉花的为害程度;小杆目线虫和具有吻针的非植物寄生线虫同棉花枯萎病菌无复合侵染作用。田间防治试验表明,杀线剂通过降低田间寄生线虫的数量,减轻棉花枯萎病的为害,而对棉花枯萎病菌无抑制作用。 相似文献
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玉米矮化病株及其根际土壤内线虫的分离与分子鉴定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探究玉米矮化病的病原,采用Ludox TM悬浮法对从吉林和辽宁采集的玉米矮化病株及其根际土壤和健康株根际土壤分离的线虫进行了鉴定和种群比较,并对矮化病株茎基组织PCR产物进行测序分析。结果表明:玉米健康株根际土壤分离出29属线虫,特有线虫是角咽线虫属Actinolaimus和木盾移线虫属Peltamigratus,矮化玉米病株根际土壤分离出28属线虫,特有线虫为锥线虫属Dolichorus,二者相同的线虫属有27个。矮化玉米病株根际土壤中植物线虫种类和数量明显比健康株根际土壤中高,线虫种群数量差异明显的主要是矮化线虫属Tylenchorhynchus、短体线虫属Pratylenchus和刺线虫属Belonolaimus,病株根际土壤中这3个属线虫总数约占病株土壤分离线虫总数的20.23%、11.27%和10.40%。玉米矮化病株茎基组织中短体线虫属和矮化线虫属数量占优势,2个属的线虫数量分别占测序总数的22%、14%(吉林长岭)和16%、20%(辽宁黑山)。表明玉米矮化病的发生与植物线虫相关,很可能是多种线虫共同引起的病害。 相似文献
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Importing plants into the Netherlands: an assessment of the risk of plant parasitic nematodes and a survey on their entry with adhering soil 
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下载免费PDF全文 Few plant parasitic nematodes are currently included in the European Union (EU) regulated pest lists. However, many plant parasitic nematodes not present in the EU are known to be damaging and present a risk to Europe. Therefore a study was performed to assess the risk of importing plant parasitic nematodes with the soil attached to plants for planting, with emphasis on plants in pots. Prior to the survey, a list of harmful plant parasitic nematodes not present within Europe was prepared per continent based on a literature review. This resulted in a Risk List of 26 species. Additionally, over a 3‐year period a survey was carried out on plants for planting imported to the Netherlands with adhering soil, focusing on all plant parasitic nematodes and with special attention to the nematodes on the Risk List. A total of 258 soil samples were studied, originating from 54 different plant species and 20 different countries. Despite the small number of samples, several quarantine nematodes and species from the Risk List were detected, including new nematode–plant combinations. This survey illustrates that plants with adhering soil can be a pathway for the introduction of listed nematodes, including those from the Risk List, to the EU/EPPO region. This information might encourage a more risk‐based approach to performing import inspections. 相似文献
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Fengjuan Pan Yanli Xu Neil B. McLaughlin Wei Liu Xiaozeng Han Lili Zhan Dan Zhao 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(4):355-363
Plant-parasitic nematodes can cause serious plant diseases and adversely affect crop production. We investigated the temporal and vertical dynamics of plant-parasitic nematodes in northeast China to determine if long-term fertilizer application suppresses the population of plant-parasitic nematodes and influences their vertical distribution in the black soil region. The long-term fertilizer application lasted for 14 years, and included three treatments: pig manure combined with chemical fertilizer (MCF), chemical fertilizer (urea and ammonium phosphate, CF), and no fertilizer (NF). A 3-year corn-wheat-soybean rotation was grown on the field site, soil samples were obtained in the corn phase and nematodes were extracted, identified and counted. Six plant-parasitic nematode genera with relative abundance over 0.1% were found in this study. Heterodera was the dominant genus in all three fertilizer treatments, and its relative abundance was highest in NF (45.4%) and lowest in MCF (32.8%). Fertilizer application had a significant effect on abundance of total soil nematodes but not on either plant-parasitic nematodes or Heterodera. Significant differences in the abundance of total soil nematodes, plant-parasitic nematodes and Heterodera were observed among soil depths and interaction of fertilizer × soil depth. Total soil nematodes were mainly distributed in the 0–20 cm soil layer, and plant-parasitic nematodes and Heterodera were mostly distributed in the 10–30 cm soil layer. Fertilizer application did not show a significant effect on plant-parasitic nematodes or Heterodera at any of the sampling depths from 0 to 80 cm. The results indicated that fertilizer has no effective control on plant-parasitic nematodes when dominant genera and their respective plant hosts exist in relatively high abundance. 相似文献
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植物寄生线虫滞育机制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植物寄生线虫防治困难与其在土壤中存活时间和抗逆能力有直接关系。休眠或滞育是其度过逆境条件或缺乏寄主时的主要策略。根据植物寄生线虫休眠或滞育的特点和规律可确定防治的关键时期。本文就植物寄生线虫休眠或滞育的影响因素和不同寄生线虫的滞育特点, 以及一些植物寄生线虫休眠或滞育生理生化机制的研究进展进行综述, 以期为植物寄生线虫的综合防治提供新的思路。 相似文献
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本研究于2011-2017年对山西省主要市(县)小麦上孢囊线虫的发生与分布进行了较系统的调查研究,从运城、晋城、临汾、长治、晋中、太原等市小麦产区百余个乡镇采集和分离小麦根及根围土壤样品1 131份,其中336份检出有孢囊线虫,检出率为29.7%;运城市和临汾市小麦根及根围土壤样品孢囊检出率高,分别达到42.3%和32.5%,晋中市、长治市、太原市以及晋城市等地区也发现有不同程度的分布。因地区、栽培制度和土壤质地等的不同,土壤中线虫的群体密度也存在较大的差异,白雌虫密度最高的群体分布在运城市的一些地区(每100mL土壤中白雌虫数平均达到101个)。通过形态学鉴定明确山西省小麦上孢囊线虫群体种类较为单一,均为禾谷孢囊线虫Heterodera avenae,未发现我国小麦上另一重要的孢囊线虫种类——菲利普孢囊线虫H.filipjevi。小麦孢囊线虫在山西不同地区的发生和分布情况为山西省针对性地开展小麦上孢囊线虫的综合治理提供了有价值的信息。 相似文献
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Plant parasitic nematodes are important plant pests which are difficult to identify and quantify. Serologically based techniques offer new ways to identify and quantify these parasites. Several factors need to be considered when developing an immunoassay for plant parasitic nematodes, including the application of the assay and the extraction procedure which together determine the likely organisms with which antibodies may cross-react. The four major factors: taxon specificity, nematode stage specificity, antibody specificity, and the level of management which is possible, need to be addressed interdependently and the best possible compromise made to develop a practical assay. Progress has been made in the immuno-diagnosis and quantification of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera spp) and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp) and these two groups of nematodes present different problems and therefore different challenges. The research reported here compares and contrasts work on these two groups of nematodes and highlights some of the important factors to be considered in the development of immunoassays for plant parasitic nematodes. 相似文献
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Plant parasitic nematodes of the family Trichodoridae cause substantial yield losses in many agricultural crops. Rapid and accurate identification of trichodorids to the species level is critical for selection of appropriate measures for control. This study analysed 99 sequences of the D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA gene and 131 sequences of the 18S rRNA gene from the stubby nematodes belonging to the genera Nanidorus, Paratrichodorus and Trichodorus. Species delimiting was based on the integration of morphological identification, which is not provided in the present article, and molecular‐based phylogenetic inference and sequence analysis. Twenty‐two valid species and several species complexes were identified among nematodes included in the analysis. PCR‐RFLPs of the partial 18S rDNA and the D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA were tested and proposed for identification of these nematodes. Gel PCR‐RFLP profiles and tables with restriction fragment lengths for several diagnostic enzymes are provided for identification. Some problems of taxonomy and phylogeny of nematodes of the family Trichodoridae are also discussed. 相似文献